这次博主带大家讲解图像之间的变换,以及一些计算变换的实用方法。这些变换可以用于图像扭曲变形和图像配准。
1、单应性变换
单应性变换是将一个平面内的点映射到另一个平面内的二维投影变换。在这里,平面是指图像或者三维中的平面表面。单应性变换具有很强的实用性,比如图像配准、图像纠正和纹理扭曲,以及创建全景图像。下面是一个图像单应性变换的例子:
from scipy import ndimage
from PIL import Image
from pylab import *
im = array(Image.open('../../image/1.jpg').convert('L'))
H = array([[1.4,0.05,-100],[0.05,1.5,-100],[0,0,1]])
im2 = ndimage.affine_transform(im,H[:2,:2],(H[0,2],H[1,2]))
figure()
gray()
subplot(121)
axis('off')
imshow(im)
subplot(122)
axis('off')
imshow(im2)
show()
结果如下:
2、图像中的图像
仿射扭曲的一个简单例子是,将图像或者图像的一部分放置在另一幅图像中,使得它们能够和指定的区域或者标记物对齐。下面是一个仿射扭曲的例子:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from PCV.geometry import warp, homography
from PIL import Image
from pylab import *
from scipy import ndimage
# example of affine warp of im1 onto im2
im1 = array(Image.open('../../image/1.jpg').convert('L'))
im2 = array(Image.open('../data/billboard_for_rent.jpg').convert('L'))
# set to points
tp = array([[120,260,260,120],[16,16,305,305],[1,1,1,1]])
#tp = array([[675,826,826,677],[55,52,281,277],[1,1,1,1]])
im3 = warp.image_in_image(im1,im2,tp)
figure()
gray()
subplot(141)
axis('off')
imshow(im1)
subplot(142)
axis('off')
imshow(im2)
subplot(143)
axis('off')
imshow(im3)
# set from points to corners of im1
m,n = im1.shape[:2]
fp = array([[0,m,m,0],[0,0,n,n],[1,1,1,1]])
# first triangle
tp2 = tp[:,:3]
fp2 = fp[:,:3]
# compute H
H = homography.Haffine_from_points(tp2,fp2)
im1_t = ndimage.affine_transform(im1,H[:2,:2],
(H[0,2],H[1,2]),im2.shape[:2])
# alpha for triangle
alpha = warp.alpha_for_triangle(tp2,im2.shape[0],im2.shape[1])
im3 = (1-alpha)*im2 + alpha*im1_t
# second triangle
tp2 = tp[:,[0,2,3]]
fp2 = fp[:,[0,2,3]]
# compute H
H = homography.Haffine_from_points(tp2,fp2)
im1_t = ndimage.affine_transform(im1,H[:2,:2],
(H[0,2],H[1,2]),im2.shape[:2])
# alpha for triangle
alpha = warp.alpha_for_triangle(tp2,im2.shape[0],im2.shape[1])
im4 = (1-alpha)*im3 + alpha*im1_t
subplot(144)
imshow(im4)
axis('off')
show()
上面的代码将集美大学的风景图放在公告牌的上半部分。
结果如下:
谢谢阅读!