#FPGA学习笔记# 状态机的实现

一、原理介绍

状态机：一个状态机对应多种状态，每个状态由一个触发条件改变；

项目例子介绍：当检测到测试数据中“FPGA”四个字母连续出现，led状态改变；

二、实验代码 

//项目文件
module FiniteStateMachine(clk,Rst_n,data,led);//检测FPGA

	input clk;
	input Rst_n;
	input [7:0]data;//输入的数据
	
	output reg led;
	
	localparam 
		status_F = 4'b0001,
		status_P = 4'b0010,
		status_G = 4'b0100,
		status_A = 4'b1000;
	reg [3:0]check_status;
	always@(posedge clk or negedge Rst_n)
		if(!Rst_n)
			begin 
				led <= 1'b1;
				check_status = status_F;
			end 
		else begin 
				case(check_status)
					status_F:
						if(check_status <= status_F)
							check_status <= status_P;
						else
							check_status <= status_F;
							
					status_P:
						if(check_status <= status_P)
							check_status <= status_G;
						else
							check_status <= status_F;	
					status_G:
						if(check_status <= status_G)
							check_status <= status_A;
						else
							check_status <= status_F;
					status_A:
						begin
							check_status <= status_F;
							if(data == "A")
								led <= ~led;
							else
								led <= led;
						end 
					default:check_status <= status_F;	
				endcase
			end
endmodule

//测试文件
`timescale 1ns/1ns
 `define timeperiod 20 
module FiniteStateMachine_tb;
	reg clk;
	reg Rst_n;
	reg [7:0]ASCII;
	
	wire led;
	FiniteStateMachine check0 (
		.clk(clk),
		.Rst_n(Rst_n),
		.data(ASCII),
		.led(led)
	);
	initial  clk = 1;
	always #(`timeperiod / 2) clk = ~clk;
	initial begin
		Rst_n = 0;
		ASCII = 0;
		#(`timeperiod*200);
		Rst_n = 1;
		#(`timeperiod*200);
		
		forever begin
			ASCII = "H";
			#(`timeperiod);
			ASCII = "e";
			#(`timeperiod);
			ASCII = "l";
			#(`timeperiod);
			ASCII = "l";
			#(`timeperiod);
			ASCII = "o";
			#(`timeperiod);
			ASCII = "F";
			#(`timeperiod);
			ASCII = "P";
			#(`timeperiod);
			ASCII = "G";
			#(`timeperiod);
			ASCII = "A";
			#(`timeperiod);
			ASCII = "H";
			#(`timeperiod);
			ASCII = "e";
			#(`timeperiod);
			ASCII = "l";
			#(`timeperiod);
			ASCII = "l";
			#(`timeperiod);
			ASCII = "o";
			#(`timeperiod);
			ASCII = "F";
			#(`timeperiod);
			ASCII = "P";
			#(`timeperiod);
			ASCII = "G";
			#(`timeperiod);
			ASCII = "A";
			#(`timeperiod);
		end
	end 
endmodule

 

三、项目总结

1、语法总结：

localparam:用于状态机参数定义；定义状态的先后。

2、注意点：在always块语句中，注意对变量进行初始化；