【使用 langchain 创建RAG知识库完整教程】

RAG

Let’s look at adding in a retrieval step to a prompt and LLM, which adds up to a “retrieval-augmented generation” chain

安装对应的库

!pip install langchain openai faiss-cpu tiktoken

 导入工具包

from operator import itemgetter

from langchain.chat_models import ChatOpenAI
from langchain.embeddings import OpenAIEmbeddings
from langchain.prompts import ChatPromptTemplate
from langchain.vectorstores import FAISS
from langchain_core.output_parsers import StrOutputParser
from langchain_core.runnables import RunnableLambda, RunnablePassthrough

初始化一些东西（向量库，模板，模型LLM）

vectorstore = FAISS.from_texts(
    ["harrison worked at kensho"], embedding=OpenAIEmbeddings()
)
retriever = vectorstore.as_retriever()

template = """Answer the question based only on the following context:
{context}

Question: {question}
"""
prompt = ChatPromptTemplate.from_template(template)

model = ChatOpenAI()

构建chain, 使用LCEL技术

chain = (
    {"context": retriever, "question": RunnablePassthrough()}
    | prompt
    | model
    | StrOutputParser()
)

开始使用

chain.invoke("where did harrison work?")


# outout
'Harrison worked at Kensho.'

'Harrison worked at Kensho.'

template = """Answer the question based only on the following context:
{context}

Question: {question}

Answer in the following language: {language}
"""
prompt = ChatPromptTemplate.from_template(template)

chain = (
    {
        "context": itemgetter("question") | retriever,
        "question": itemgetter("question"),
        "language": itemgetter("language"),
    }
    | prompt
    | model
    | StrOutputParser()
)

chain.invoke({"question": "where did harrison work", "language": "italian"})

'Harrison ha lavorato a Kensho.'

Conversational Retrieval Chain​

We can easily add in conversation history. This primarily means adding in chat_message_history

添加记录对话历史的能力

from langchain.schema import format_document
from langchain_core.messages import AIMessage, HumanMessage, get_buffer_string
from langchain_core.runnables import RunnableParallel

from langchain.prompts.prompt import PromptTemplate

_template = """Given the following conversation and a follow up question, rephrase the follow up question to be a standalone question, in its original language.

Chat History:
{chat_history}
Follow Up Input: {question}
Standalone question:"""
CONDENSE_QUESTION_PROMPT = PromptTemplate.from_template(_template)

template = """Answer the question based only on the following context:
{context}

Question: {question}
"""
ANSWER_PROMPT = ChatPromptTemplate.from_template(template)

DEFAULT_DOCUMENT_PROMPT = PromptTemplate.from_template(template="{page_content}")


def _combine_documents(
    docs, document_prompt=DEFAULT_DOCUMENT_PROMPT, document_separator="\n\n"
):
    doc_strings = [format_document(doc, document_prompt) for doc in docs]
    return document_separator.join(doc_strings)

_inputs = RunnableParallel(
    standalone_question=RunnablePassthrough.assign(
        chat_history=lambda x: get_buffer_string(x["chat_history"])
    )
    | CONDENSE_QUESTION_PROMPT
    | ChatOpenAI(temperature=0)
    | StrOutputParser(),
)
_context = {
    "context": itemgetter("standalone_question") | retriever | _combine_documents,
    "question": lambda x: x["standalone_question"],
}
conversational_qa_chain = _inputs | _context | ANSWER_PROMPT | ChatOpenAI()

conversational_qa_chain.invoke(
    {
        "question": "where did harrison work?",
        "chat_history": [],
    }
)

AIMessage(content='Harrison was employed at Kensho.')

conversational_qa_chain.invoke(
    {
        "question": "where did he work?",
        "chat_history": [
            HumanMessage(content="Who wrote this notebook?"),
            AIMessage(content="Harrison"),
        ],
    }
)

AIMessage(content='Harrison worked at Kensho.')

With Memory and returning source documents​

This shows how to use memory with the above. For memory, we need to manage that outside at the memory. For returning the retrieved documents, we just need to pass them through all the way.

添加返回检索到的文档的能力

from operator import itemgetter

from langchain.memory import ConversationBufferMemory

memory = ConversationBufferMemory(
    return_messages=True, output_key="answer", input_key="question"
)

# First we add a step to load memory
# This adds a "memory" key to the input object
loaded_memory = RunnablePassthrough.assign(
    chat_history=RunnableLambda(memory.load_memory_variables) | itemgetter("history"),
)
# Now we calculate the standalone question
standalone_question = {
    "standalone_question": {
        "question": lambda x: x["question"],
        "chat_history": lambda x: get_buffer_string(x["chat_history"]),
    }
    | CONDENSE_QUESTION_PROMPT
    | ChatOpenAI(temperature=0)
    | StrOutputParser(),
}
# Now we retrieve the documents
retrieved_documents = {
    "docs": itemgetter("standalone_question") | retriever,
    "question": lambda x: x["standalone_question"],
}
# Now we construct the inputs for the final prompt
final_inputs = {
    "context": lambda x: _combine_documents(x["docs"]),
    "question": itemgetter("question"),
}
# And finally, we do the part that returns the answers
answer = {
    "answer": final_inputs | ANSWER_PROMPT | ChatOpenAI(),
    "docs": itemgetter("docs"),
}
# And now we put it all together!
final_chain = loaded_memory | standalone_question | retrieved_documents | answer

inputs = {"question": "where did harrison work?"}
result = final_chain.invoke(inputs)
result

{'answer': AIMessage(content='Harrison was employed at Kensho.'),
 'docs': [Document(page_content='harrison worked at kensho')]}

 

# Note that the memory does not save automatically
# This will be improved in the future
# For now you need to save it yourself
memory.save_context(inputs, {"answer": result["answer"].content})

memory.load_memory_variables({})

{'history': [HumanMessage(content='where did harrison work?'),
  AIMessage(content='Harrison was employed at Kensho.')]}

 

inputs = {"question": "but where did he really work?"}
result = final_chain.invoke(inputs)
result

{'answer': AIMessage(content='Harrison actually worked at Kensho.'),
 'docs': [Document(page_content='harrison worked at kensho')]}