可编程渲染管线OpenGL学习随笔（8）---你好，立方体

前言

本节主要是创建一个立方体。参考：https://learnopengl-cn.github.io/01%20Getting%20started/08%20Coordinate%20Systems/

1.代码

#include<glad/glad.h>
#include<GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include"Shader.h"
#include"stb_image.h"
#include<iostream>
#include<glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>
using namespace std;

float mixValue = 0.2f;

//视口
void framebuff_size_callback(GLFWwindow*window, int width, int height)
{
	glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
}

//按键响应
void processInput(GLFWwindow* window)
{
	if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
		glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
	if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_UP) == GLFW_PRESS)
	{
		mixValue += 0.01f;
		if (mixValue >= 1.0f)
			mixValue = 1.0f;
	}
	if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_DOWN) == GLFW_PRESS)
	{
		mixValue -= 0.01f;
		if (mixValue <= 0.0f)
			mixValue = 0.0f;
	}
}

const int SCR_WIDTH = 800;
const int SCR_HEIGHT = 600;



int main()
{
	//初始化
	glfwInit();
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);

	//创建窗口
	GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(SCR_WIDTH, SCR_HEIGHT, "OpenGLTexture", NULL, NULL);
	if (window == NULL)
	{
		cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << endl;
		glfwTerminate();
		return -1;
	}

	//上下文
	glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
	glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuff_size_callback);

	//glad初始化
	if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress))
	{
		cout << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << endl;
	}
	//着色程序
	Shader ourshader("3dvshaderli.txt", "3dfshaderli.txt");

	//float vertes[] =
	//{
	//	//坐标               颜色          纹理坐标
	//	0.5f,  0.5f,0.0f, 1.0f,0.0f,0.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,
	//	0.5f, -0.5f,0.0f, 0.0f,1.0f,0.0f, 1.0f,0.0f,
	//	-0.5f,-0.5f,0.0f, 0.0f,0.0f,1.0f, 0.0f,0.0f,
	//	-0.5f, 0.5f,0.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,0.0f, 0.0f,1.0f
	//};
	float vertices[] = {
		-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
		0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
		0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
		0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
		-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
		-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,

		-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
		0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
		0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
		0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
		-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
		-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,

		-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
		-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
		-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
		-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
		-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
		-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,

		0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
		0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
		0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
		0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
		0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
		0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,

		-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
		0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
		0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
		0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
		-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
		-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,

		-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
		0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
		0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
		0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
		-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
		-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f
	};
	//索引
	unsigned int indices[] = {
		0,1,3,
		1,2,3
	};

	//开启深度缓存
	glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

	//纹理
	//创建纹理对象
	unsigned int texture1, texture2;
	glGenTextures(1, &texture1);
	//绑定对象类型
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture1);

	//为当前绑定的纹理对象设置环绕、过滤方式
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);

	//装载图片
	int width, height, nrChannels;

	unsigned char *data = stbi_load("container.jpg", &width, &height, &nrChannels, 0);
	if (data)
	{
		glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, width, height, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
		glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);//多级渐进纹理
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "Failed to load texture1" << endl;
	}
	stbi_image_free(data);

	glGenTextures(1, &texture2);

	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture2);

	//为当前绑定的纹理对象设置环绕、过滤方式
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);

	//装载图片
	stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load(true);//反转图片Y轴
	data = stbi_load("awesomeface.png", &width, &height, &nrChannels, 0);
	if (data)
	{
		glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, width, height, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
		glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "Failed to load texture2" << endl;
	}
	stbi_image_free(data);

	ourshader.use();//设置uniform变量之前激活着色器程序
					//glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(ourshader.ID, "texturel"), 0);//手动设置
	ourshader.setInt("texture1", 0);
	ourshader.setInt("texture2", 1);//或者使用着色器类设置

									//顶点数组对象
	unsigned int VAO, VBO;
	glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
	glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
	//绑定对象
	glBindVertexArray(VAO);
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
	//赋值
	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

	

	//位置
	glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 5 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);

	//纹理坐标
	glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 5 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);

	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
	glBindVertexArray(0);

	while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
	{
		processInput(window);
		ourshader.setFloat("aMixValue", mixValue);

		//背景颜色
		glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
		//清除颜色缓存
		glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

		//绑定纹理
		//激活纹理对象
		glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
		//绑定纹理对象
		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture1);
		glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture2);

		//创建模型、观察、透视矩阵
		glm::mat4 model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
		glm::mat4 view = glm::mat4(1.0f);
		glm::mat4 projection = glm::mat4(1.0f);

		//矩阵赋值
		model = glm::rotate(model, (float)glfwGetTime(), glm::vec3(0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f));
		view = glm::translate(view, glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, -3.0f));
		projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(45.0f), (float)SCR_WIDTH / (float)SCR_HEIGHT, 0.1f, 100.0f);

		//着色
		ourshader.use();

		//传递
		unsigned int modelLoc = glGetUniformLocation(ourshader.ID, "model");
		glUniformMatrix4fv(modelLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, value_ptr(model));
		unsigned int viewLoc = glGetUniformLocation(ourshader.ID, "view");
		glUniformMatrix4fv(viewLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, &view[0][0]);

		ourshader.setMat4("projection", projection);

		glBindVertexArray(VAO);
		glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);

		//窗口交换缓存
		glfwSwapBuffers(window);
		//事件
		glfwPollEvents();
	}
	glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
	glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);


	glfwTerminate();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

2.顶点、片段着色器

顶点代码如下（示例）：

#version 330 core

layout (location=0) in vec3 apos;
layout (location=1) in vec2 aTexCoord;

out vec2 Texcoord;

uniform mat4 model;
uniform mat4 view;
uniform mat4 projection;

void main()
{
gl_Position=projection*view*model*vec4(apos,1.0);
Texcoord=aTexCoord;
}

片段着色器

#version 330 core

out vec4 FragColor;

in vec2 Texcoord;

uniform sampler2D texture1;
uniform sampler2D texture2;
uniform float aMixValue;
void main()
{
FragColor=mix(texture(texture1,Texcoord),texture(texture2,Texcoord),aMixValue);
}

结果