Introduction Protocols and Laying

• vocabulary:

1. bandwidth
2. tatistical multiplexing is just sharing bandwidth amongst users.
3. binomial proabilities
4. replicas inside the network
5. scenario
6. network hops
7. ehternet

数字表示方法：
2^-30 = two to minus thirty
4 X 3 = four by three
12 X 11 = twelve times eleven

Component	Function	Example
Application、app、user	uses the network	wechat、QQ
Host、end-system、edge device、node、source、sink	supports app	Laytop、mobile、desktop
Router、Switch、node、hub、intermediate system	Relay messages between links	Access Point、DSL modem
Link、Channel	connects nodes	wires、wireless

工作方式：
full-duplex link -> bidirectional
half-duplex link : wireless
unidirectional

• Network by Scale:

PAN -> LAN -> MAN(metroplitan) -> WAN -> Internet (The Internet)

Sockets let apps attach to the local network at different ports

Tracerouter: probe the path of package
命令为：tracert url/domain

【注】第一行的192.168.1.1就是本地的gateway