一、随机失调误差的结论
Sansen《精粹》的15章失配中,直接给出了米勒放大器的随机失配和系统失配电压的公式,还给出了共模抑制比和随机失配电压的风骚关系:
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V_{osr}=\Delta V_{T1}+\frac{g_{m3}}{g_{m1}}\Delta V_{T3}+\frac{V_{gt1}}{2}(\frac{\Delta K'_n}{K'_n}+\frac{\Delta K'_p}{K'_p}+\frac{\Delta W/L_1}{W/L_1}+\frac{\Delta W/L_3}{W/L_3})
Vosr=ΔVT1+gm1gm3ΔVT3+2Vgt1(Kn′ΔKn′+Kp′ΔKp′+W/L1ΔW/L1+W/L3ΔW/L3)
这里没有算上系统失配电压的贡献
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\frac{\Delta V_{DS1}}{A_{v1}}
Av1ΔVDS1。共模抑制比的结论:
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CMRR_r=\frac{V_{gt}g_mR_B}{V_{osr}}=\frac{I_BR_B}{V_{osr}}=\frac{V_EL_E}{V_{osr}}\approx \frac{10}{V_{osr}}
CMRRr=VosrVgtgmRB=VosrIBRB=VosrVELE≈Vosr10
二、随机失调电压 V o s r V_{osr} Vosr的推导
随机失调电压是差分信号
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Vosr为了平衡工艺偏差导致的随机失配k’、W/L、
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Vth得到的。随机失配会造成两边电流不相等,由此产生输出的漂移:
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(1)
V_{osr}g_{m2}r_{o2}//r_{o4}=(\Delta I_{ds2} +\Delta I_{ds4})r_{o2}//r_{o4} \tag {1}
Vosrgm2ro2//ro4=(ΔIds2+ΔIds4)ro2//ro4(1)
Δ I d s 2 I d s 2 = Δ k 2 ′ k 2 ′ + Δ ( W / L ) 2 ( W / L ) 2 + Δ V t h 2 V g t 2 / 2 (2) \frac{\Delta I_{ds2}}{I_{ds2}}=\frac{\Delta k'_2}{k'_2}+\frac{\Delta (W/L)_2}{(W/L)_2}+\frac{\Delta V_{th2}}{V_{gt2}/2}\tag {2} Ids2ΔIds2=k2′Δk2′+(W/L)2Δ(W/L)2+Vgt2/2ΔVth2(2)
Δ I d s 4 I d s 4 = Δ k 4 ′ k 4 ′ + Δ ( W / L ) 4 ( W / L ) 4 + Δ V t h 4 V g t 4 / 2 (3) \frac{\Delta I_{ds4}}{I_{ds4}}=\frac{\Delta k'_4}{k'_4}+\frac{\Delta (W/L)_4}{(W/L)_4}+\frac{\Delta V_{th4}}{V_{gt4}/2}\tag {3} Ids4ΔIds4=k4′Δk4′+(W/L)4Δ(W/L)4+Vgt4/2ΔVth4(3)
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I_{ds4}=I_{ds2}=2g_{m2}v_{gt2}=2g_{m4}v_{gt4}
Ids4=Ids2=2gm2vgt2=2gm4vgt4,将(2)(3)带入(1)得:
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\begin{aligned} &V_{osr}g_{m2}=I_{ds2}(\frac{\Delta k'_2}{k'_2}+\frac{\Delta (W/L)_2}{(W/L)_2}+\frac{\Delta V_{th2}}{V_{gt2}/2}+\frac{\Delta k'_4}{k'_4}+\frac{\Delta (W/L)_4}{(W/L)_4}+\frac{\Delta V_{th4}}{V_{gt4}/2})\\ &V_{osr}=\Delta V_{th2}+\Delta V_{th4}\frac{V_{gt2}}{V_{gt4}}+\frac{V_{gt2}}{2}(\frac{\Delta k'_2}{k'_2}+\frac{\Delta (W/L)_2}{(W/L)_2}+\frac{\Delta k'_4}{k'_4}+\frac{\Delta (W/L)_4}{(W/L)_4})\\ &V_{osr}=\Delta V_{th2}+\Delta V_{th4}\frac{g_{m4}}{g_{m2}}+\frac{V_{gt2}}{2}(\frac{\Delta k'_2}{k'_2}+\frac{\Delta (W/L)_2}{(W/L)_2}+\frac{\Delta k'_4}{k'_4}+\frac{\Delta (W/L)_4}{(W/L)_4}) \end{aligned}
Vosrgm2=Ids2(k2′Δk2′+(W/L)2Δ(W/L)2+Vgt2/2ΔVth2+k4′Δk4′+(W/L)4Δ(W/L)4+Vgt4/2ΔVth4)Vosr=ΔVth2+ΔVth4Vgt4Vgt2+2Vgt2(k2′Δk2′+(W/L)2Δ(W/L)2+k4′Δk4′+(W/L)4Δ(W/L)4)Vosr=ΔVth2+ΔVth4gm2gm4+2Vgt2(k2′Δk2′+(W/L)2Δ(W/L)2+k4′Δk4′+(W/L)4Δ(W/L)4)
与书上的结论一致。
三、随机共模抑制比 C M R R r CMRR_r CMRRr的推导
随机共模抑制比可以用定义推导,但计算共模增益的时候,要用到上面的结论,很巧妙地将静态的失调电压和动态的共模增益联系在一起:
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A_{dd}=g_{m2}r_{o2}//r_{o4}
Add=gm2ro2//ro4
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\begin{aligned} A_{dc}&=\frac{dI_{ds4}-dI_{ds3}}{dV_{inc}}r_{o2}//r_{o4}\\ &=\frac{dI_{ds4}}{dV_{inc}}\frac{dI_{ds4}-dI_{ds3}}{dI_{ds4}}r_{o2}//r_{o4}\\ &=\frac{1}{2R_B}\frac{V_{osr}g_{m2}}{I_{ds4}}r_{o2}//r_{o4} \end{aligned}
Adc=dVincdIds4−dIds3ro2//ro4=dVincdIds4dIds4dIds4−dIds3ro2//ro4=2RB1Ids4Vosrgm2ro2//ro4
第二步和第三步相当巧妙。
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CMRR_r=\frac{A_{dd}}{A_{dc}}=\frac{2R_B I_{ds_4}}{V_{osr}}=\frac{R_B I_{B}}{V_{osr}}=\frac{V_E L_E}{V_{osr}}\approx \frac{10}{V_{osr}}
CMRRr=AdcAdd=Vosr2RBIds4=VosrRBIB=VosrVELE≈Vosr10