基于分形几何的三维地形生成与实时渲染:通过Python利用分形算法(如Diamond - Square算法的3D扩展)生成复杂的三维地形模型,考虑地形的高度变化、纹理映射和光照效果,使用PyGame等图形库进行实时渲染,实现地形的动态加载和渲染优化,如使用视锥体裁剪等技术。
import pygame
import numpy as np
def diamond_square(size, roughness):
grid = np.zeros((size + 1, size + 1))
grid[0, 0] = np.random.uniform(-1, 1)
grid[0, size] = np.random.uniform(-1, 1)
grid[size, 0] = np.random.uniform(-1, 1)
grid[size, size] = np.random.uniform(-1, 1)
step = size
while step > 1:
half_step = step // 2
# Diamond step
for x in range(0, size, step):
for y in range(0, size, step):
avg = (grid[x, y] + grid[x + step, y] + grid[x, y + step] + grid[x + step, y + step]) / 4
grid[x + half_step, y + half_step] = avg + np.random.uniform(-roughness, roughness)
# Square step
for x in range(0, size, step):
for y in range(0, size, step):
if y - half_step >= 0:
grid[x + half_step, y] = (grid[x, y] + grid[x + step, y] + grid[x + half_step, y + half_step] +
grid[x + half_step, y - half_step]) / 4 + np.random.uniform(-roughness, roughness)
else:
grid[x + half_step, y] = (grid[x, y] + grid[x + step, y] + grid[x + half_step, y + half_step]) / 3 + \
np.random.uniform(-roughness, roughness)
if x - half_step >= 0:
grid[x, y + half_step] = (grid[x, y] + grid[x, y + step] + grid[x + half_step, y + half_step] +
grid[x - half_step, y + half_step]) / 4 + np.random.uniform(-roughness, roughness)
else:
grid[x, y + half_step] = (grid[x, y] + grid[x, y + step] + grid[x + half_step, y + half_step]) / 3 + \
np.random.uniform(-roughness, roughness)
step //= 2
roughness *= 0.5
return grid
def draw_terrain(terrain, show_height, show_texture, show_light):
size = len(terrain) - 1
cell_width = left_width // size
cell_height = height // size
for x in range(size):
for y in range(size):
terrain_height = terrain[x, y]
rect = pygame.Rect(x * cell_width, y * cell_height, cell_width, cell_height)
if show_height:
color = (int((terrain_height + 1) * 127.5), int((terrain_height + 1) * 127.5), int((terrain_height + 1) * 127.5))
else:
color = (128, 128, 128)
if show_texture:
# 简单示例:根据高度不同绘制不同纹理(这里用不同灰度表示)
if terrain_height > 0:
pygame.draw.rect(screen, (192, 192, 192), rect)