【线性回归】代码 2024-1-19

基础知识：

梯度下降通过不断沿着反梯度方向更新参数求解；我们的目标是得到损失函数的最小值，根据公式我的理解是损失函数对模型的参数求偏导得到梯度，添上负号得到负梯度（也就是梯度下降）

在代码实现中，用小批量随机梯度下降，是深度学习默认的求解算法；

两个重要的超参数（超参数是人为规定的参数）：学习率和批量大小。

import random
import torch
import numpy as np
from d2l import torch as d2l

#构造数据集
def synthetie_data(w,b,num_examples):
    #生成 y=Xw + b + 噪声
    X = torch.normal(0,1,(num_examples,len(w)))
    y = torch.matmul(X,w) + b
    y += torch.normal(0,0.01,y.shape)
    return X,y.reshape((-1,1))


true_w = torch.tensor([2,-3.4])   #shape=(2,)
true_b = 4.2
features,labels = synthetie_data(true_w,true_b,1000)

print('features:',features[0],'\n label:',labels[0])

d2l.set_figsize()
d2l.plt.scatter(features[:,1].detach().numpy(),
                labels.detach().numpy(),1)

d2l.plt.show()


#实现函数读取小批量
def data_iter(batch_size,features,labels):
    num_enamples = len(features)
    indices = list(range(num_enamples))

    random.shuffle(indices)

    for i in range(0,num_enamples,batch_size):
        batch_indices = torch.tensor(indices[i:min(i + batch_size,num_enamples)])


        yield features[batch_indices],labels[batch_indices]

batch_size = 10


for X ,y in data_iter(batch_size,features,labels):
    pass

#定义初始化模型参数
w = torch.normal(0,0.01,size=(2,1),requires_grad=True)
b = torch.zeros(1,requires_grad=True)



#定义模型
def linreg(X,w,b):

    return torch.matmul(X,w) + b


#定义损失函数
def squared_loss(y_hat,y):
    return (y_hat - y.reshape(y_hat.shape)) **2 /2


#定义优化算法

def sgd(params,lr,batch_size):

    with torch.no_grad():
        for param in params:

            param -= lr * param.grad / batch_size

            param.grad.zero_()   #梯度清零


#训练过程
lr = 0.03
num_epochs = 3
net = linreg
loss = squared_loss

for epoch in range(num_epochs):

    for X,y in data_iter(batch_size,features,labels):

        l = loss(net(X,w,b),y)
        l.sum().backward()
        sgd([w,b],lr,batch_size)

    with torch.no_grad():

        train_1 = loss(net(features,w,b),labels)
        print(f'epoch {epoch + 1},loss{float(train_1.mean()):f}')

调包：

#线性回归的简介实现
import numpy as np
import torch
from torch.utils import data
from d2l import torch as d2l
from torch import nn

true_w = torch.tensor([2,-3.4])
true_b = 4.2
features,labels = d2l.synthetic_data(true_w,true_b,num_examples=1000)


def load_array(data_arrays,batc_size,is_train = True):
    dataset = data.TensorDataset(*data_arrays)
    return data.DataLoader(dataset,batc_size,shuffle=True)


batch_size = 10
data_iter = load_array((features,labels),batch_size)
next(iter(data_iter))


net = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(2,1))


#初始化模型参数
net[0].weight.data.normal_(0,0.01)
net[0].bias.data.fill_(0)

#均方误差，也称为平方L2范数
loss = nn.MSELoss()

#实例化SGD实例
trainer = torch.optim.SGD(net.parameters(),lr = 0.03)


#训练
num_epochs = 3
for epoch in range(num_epochs):
    for X,y in data_iter:
        l = loss(net(X),y)
        trainer.zero_grad()
        l.backward()
        trainer.step()

    l = loss(net(features),labels)
    print(f'epoch {epoch + 1},loss {1:f}')