Attention U-Net网络

本文介绍了如何使用PyTorch构建AttentionU-Net网络,一种应用于图像分割任务的深度学习模型,包括卷积块、上采样层和注意力模块的详细实现。通过编码-解码结构和注意力机制,提升图像特征融合效果。

Attention U-Net网络pytorch构建

from torch import nn
from torch.nn import functional as F
import torch
from torchvision import models
import torchvision


class conv_block(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self,ch_in,ch_out):
        super(conv_block,self).__init__()
        self.conv = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(ch_in, ch_out, kernel_size=3,stride=1,padding=1,bias=True),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(ch_out),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(ch_out, ch_out, kernel_size=3,stride=1,padding=1,bias=True),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(ch_out),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
        )
    def forward(self,x):
        x = self.conv(x)
        return x


class up_conv(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self,ch_in,ch_out):
        super(up_conv,self).__init__()
        self.up = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Upsample(scale_factor=2),
            nn.Conv2d(ch_in,ch_out,kernel_size=3,stride=1,padding=1,bias=True),
		    nn.BatchNorm2d(ch_out),
			nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
        )

    def forward(self,x):
        x = self.up(x)
        return x


class Attention_block(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, F_g, F_l, F_int):
        super(Attention_block, self).__init__()
        self.W_g = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(F_g, F_int, kernel_size=1, stride=1, padding=0, bias=True),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(F_int)
        )

        self.W_x = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(F_l, F_int, kernel_size=1, stride=1, padding=0, bias=True),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(F_int)
        )

        self.psi = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(F_int, 1, kernel_size=1, stride=1, padding=0, bias=True),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(1),
            nn.Sigmoid()
        )

        self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)

    def forward(self, g, x):
        g1 = self.W_g(g)
        x1 = self.W_x(x)
        psi = self.relu(g1 + x1)
        psi = self.psi(psi)
        return x * psi


class AttU_Net(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, img_ch=3, output_ch=1):
        super(AttU_Net, self).__init__()

        self.Maxpool = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2)

        self.Conv1 = conv_block(ch_in=img_ch, ch_out=64)
        self.Conv2 = conv_block(ch_in=64, ch_out=128)
        self.Conv3 = conv_block(ch_in=128, ch_out=256)
        self.Conv4 = conv_block(ch_in=256, ch_out=512)
        self.Conv5 = conv_block(ch_in=512, ch_out=1024)

        self.Up5 = up_conv(ch_in=1024, ch_out=512)
        self.Att5 = Attention_block(F_g=512, F_l=512, F_int=256)
        self.Up_conv5 = conv_block(ch_in=1024, ch_out=512)

        self.Up4 = up_conv(ch_in=512, ch_out=256)
        self.Att4 = Attention_block(F_g=256, F_l=256, F_int=128)
        self.Up_conv4 = conv_block(ch_in=512, ch_out=256)

        self.Up3 = up_conv(ch_in=256, ch_out=128)
        self.Att3 = Attention_block(F_g=128, F_l=128, F_int=64)
        self.Up_conv3 = conv_block(ch_in=256, ch_out=128)

        self.Up2 = up_conv(ch_in=128, ch_out=64)
        self.Att2 = Attention_block(F_g=64, F_l=64, F_int=32)
        self.Up_conv2 = conv_block(ch_in=128, ch_out=64)

        self.Conv_1x1 = nn.Conv2d(64, output_ch, kernel_size=1, stride=1, padding=0)
        self.sigmoid = nn.Sigmoid()
        
    def forward(self, x):
        # encoding path
        x1 = self.Conv1(x)

        x2 = self.Maxpool(x1)
        x2 = self.Conv2(x2)

        x3 = self.Maxpool(x2)
        x3 = self.Conv3(x3)

        x4 = self.Maxpool(x3)
        x4 = self.Conv4(x4)

        x5 = self.Maxpool(x4)
        x5 = self.Conv5(x5)

        d5 = self.Up5(x5)
        x4 = self.Att5(g=d5, x=x4)
        d5 = torch.cat((x4, d5), dim=1)
        d5 = self.Up_conv5(d5)

        d4 = self.Up4(d5)
        x3 = self.Att4(g=d4, x=x3)
        d4 = torch.cat((x3, d4), dim=1)
        d4 = self.Up_conv4(d4)

        d3 = self.Up3(d4)
        x2 = self.Att3(g=d3, x=x2)
        d3 = torch.cat((x2, d3), dim=1)
        d3 = self.Up_conv3(d3)

        d2 = self.Up2(d3)
        x1 = self.Att2(g=d2, x=x1)
        d2 = torch.cat((x1, d2), dim=1)
        d2 = self.Up_conv2(d2)

        d1 = self.Conv_1x1(d2)
        d1 = self.sigmoid(d1)

        return d1


### 医学图像分割中的Attention U-Net #### Attention U-Net架构概述 Attention U-Net是一种改进版的U-Net网络,在传统U-Net的基础上引入了注意力机制来增强目标区域特征并抑制背景噪声。这种设计使得模型能够更专注于重要的解剖结构,从而提高分割精度[^1]。 具体来说,Attention U-Net网络编码器部分采用标准的U-Net收缩路径:每个块由两个连续的3×3卷积组成,随后接ReLU激活函数以及最大池化操作完成下采样过程;而在解码阶段,则加入了特殊的attention gate模块连接低分辨率特征图与高分辨率特征图之间,确保只有那些真正有助于当前像素分类的信息被保留下来参与最终预测[^2]。 ```python import torch.nn as nn from torchvision import models class AttentionBlock(nn.Module): """定义Attention Gate""" def __init__(self, F_g, F_l, F_int): super(AttentionBlock, self).__init__() self.W_g = nn.Sequential( nn.Conv2d(F_g, F_int, kernel_size=1,stride=1,padding=0,bias=True), nn.BatchNorm2d(F_int) ) self.W_x = nn.Sequential( nn.Conv2d(F_l, F_int, kernel_size=1,stride=1,padding=0,bias=True), nn.BatchNorm2d(F_int) ) self.psi = nn.Sequential( nn.Conv2d(F_int, 1, kernel_size=1,stride=1,padding=0,bias=True), nn.BatchNorm2d(1), nn.Sigmoid() ) self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True) def forward(self,g,x): g1 = self.W_g(g) x1 = self.W_x(x) psi = self.relu(g1+x1) psi = self.psi(psi) return x*psi ``` 上述代码展示了如何构建一个简单的`Attention Block`类,它接受来自不同层次的空间位置上的特征向量作为输入,并输出经过加权后的特征表示形式。这些权重反映了各个通道对于特定任务的重要性程度[^3]。 #### 应用实例 在实际应用场景中,Attention U-Net已被广泛应用于多种类型的医学影像分析任务当中,比如肿瘤检测、器官轮廓提取等。相比于原始版本而言,加入注意力机制之后可以显著改善边界细节处理效果,减少误报率的同时也提高了真阳性发现的概率[^4]。
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