ABCnutter/CrackFeature: 🚀使用计算机视觉相关算法提取裂缝的骨架（矢量化）、轮廓【支持提前修复断裂裂缝】，以及几何特征参数（长度、宽度、面积和主要方向）【欢迎Star】。主要流程以及相关算法如下：
注意：要求输入为裂缝提取结果的二值图像！
代码如下：
import os
import math
from tqdm import tqdm
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from skimage import io
from skimage.measure import find_contours, regionprops, label
from skimage.morphology import skeletonize, closing, square
from sklearn.neighbors import KDTree
def load_image_list(image_dir):
if not os.path.exists(image_dir):
raise FileNotFoundError("image_dir not found!")
image_path_list = []
image_name_list = []
for img in os.listdir(image_dir):
image_path_list.append(os.path.join(image_dir, img))
image_name_list.append(img)
return image_path_list, image_name_list
def SVD(points):
# 二维，三维均适用
# 二维直线，三维平面
pts = points.copy()
# 奇异值分解
c = np.mean(pts, axis=0)
A = pts - c # shift the points
A = A.T # 3*n
u, s, vh = np.linalg.svd(A, full_matrices=False, compute_uv=True) # A=u*s*vh
normal = u[:, -1]
# 法向量归一化
nlen = np.sqrt(np.dot(normal, normal))
normal = normal / nlen
# normal 是主方向的方向向量 与PCA最小特征值对应的特征向量是垂直关系
# u 每一列是一个方向
# s 是对应的特征值
# c >>> 点的中心
# normal >>> 拟合的方向向量
return u, s, c, normal
def calcu_dis_from_ctrlpts(ctrlpts):
if ctrlpts.shape[1] == 4:
return np.sqrt(np.sum((ctrlpts[:, 0:2] - ctrlpts[:, 2:4]) ** 2, axis=1))
else:
return np.sqrt(np.sum((ctrlpts[:, [0, 2]] - ctrlpts[:, [3, 5]]) ** 2, axis=1))
def get_crack_ctrlpts(centers, normals, bpoints, hband=5, vband=2, est_width=0):
# main algorithm to obtain crack width
cpoints = np.copy(centers)
cnormals = np.copy(normals)
xmatrix = np.array([[0, 1], [-1, 0]])
cnormalsx = np.dot(xmatrix, cnormals.T).T # the normal of x axis
N = cpoints.shape[0]
interp_segm = []
widths = []
for i in range(N):
try:
ny = cnormals[i]
nx = cnormalsx[i]
tform = np.array([nx, ny])
bpoints_loc = np.dot(tform, bpoints.T).T
cpoints_loc = np.dot(tform, cpoints.T).T
ci = cpoints_loc[i]
bl_ind = (bpoints_loc[:, 0] - (ci[0] - hband)) * (
bpoints_loc[:, 0] - ci[0]
) < 0
br_ind = (bpoints_loc[:, 0] - ci[0]) * (
bpoints_loc[:, 0] - (ci[0] + hband)
) <= 0
bl = bpoints_loc[bl_ind] # left points
br = bpoints_loc[br_ind] # right points
if est_width > 0:
# 下面的数值 est_width 是预估计的裂缝宽度
half_est_width = est_width / 2
blt = bl[(bl[:, 1] - (ci[1] + half_est_width)) * (bl[:, 1] - ci[1]) < 0]
blb = bl[(bl[:, 1] - (ci[1] - half_est_width)) * (bl[:, 1] - ci[1]) < 0]
brt = br[(br[:, 1] - (ci[1] + half_est_width)) * (br[:, 1] - ci[1]) < 0]
brb = br[(br[:, 1] - (ci[1] - half_est_width)) * (br[:, 1] - ci[1]) < 0]
else:
blt = bl[bl[:, 1] > np.mean(bl[:, 1])]
if np.ptp(blt[:, 1]) > vband:
blt = blt[blt[:, 1] > np.mean(blt[:, 1])]
blb = bl[bl[:, 1] < np.mean(bl[:, 1])]
if np.ptp(blb[:, 1]) > vband:
blb = blb[blb[:, 1] < np.mean(blb[:, 1])]
brt = br[br[:, 1] > np.mean(br[:, 1])]
if np.ptp(brt[:, 1]) > vband:
brt = brt[brt[:, 1] > np.mean(brt[:, 1])]
brb = br[br[:, 1] < np.mean(br[:, 1])]
if np.ptp(brb[:, 1]) > vband:
brb = brb[brb[:, 1] < np.mean(brb[:, 1])]
t1 = blt[np.argsort(blt[:, 0])[-1]]
t2 = brt[np.argsort(brt[:, 0])[0]]
b1 = blb[np.argsort(blb[:, 0])[-1]]
b2 = brb[np.argsort(brb[:, 0])[0]]
interp1 = (ci[0] - t1[0]) * ((t2[1] - t1[1]) / (t2[0] - t1[0])) + t1[1]
interp2 = (ci[0] - b1[0]) * ((b2[1] - b1[1]) / (b2[0] - b1[0])) + b1[1]
if interp1 - ci[1] > 0 and interp2 - ci[1] < 0:
widths.append([i, interp1 - ci[1], interp2 - ci[1]])
interps = np.array([[ci[0], interp1], [ci[0], interp2]])
interps_rec = np.dot(np.linalg.inv(tform), interps.T).T
interps_rec = interps_rec.reshape(1, -1)[0, :]
interp_segm.append(interps_rec)
except:
print("the %d-th was wrong" % i)
continue
interp_segm = np.array(interp_segm)
widths = np.array(widths)
return interp_segm, widths
def estimate_normal_for_pos(pos, points, n):
# estimate normal vectors at a given point
pts = np.copy(points)
tree = KDTree(pts, leaf_size=2)
idx = tree.query(
pos, k=n, return_distance=False, dualtree=False, breadth_first=False
)
normals = []
for i in range(0, pos.shape[0]):
pts_for_normals = pts[idx[i, :], :]
_, _, _, normal = SVD(pts_for_normals)
normals.append(normal)
normals = np.array(normals)
return normals
def estimate_normals(points, n):
pts = np.copy(points)
tree = KDTree(pts, leaf_size=2)
idx = tree.query(
pts, k=n, return_distance=False, dualtree=False, breadth_first=False
)
normals = []
for i in range(0, pts.shape[0]):
pts_for_normals = pts[idx[i, :], :]
_, _, _, normal = SVD(pts_for_normals)
normals.append(normal)
normals = np.array(normals)
return normals
def close_skeleton_contour(image_path, square_value, contours_value):
image = io.imread(image_path)
if len(image.shape) != 2:
raise ValueError(
f"Please check input images, guaranteed to be a single-channel image!"
)
image[image != 0] = 1
# 使用闭运算填充小孔和连接小块
closed_image = closing(image, square(square_value))
skeleton_zha = skeletonize(closed_image)
# skeleton_lee = skeletonize(closed_image, method="lee")
# 提取轮廓
contours = find_contours(closed_image, contours_value)
# 创建一个空白图像
contour_image = np.zeros_like(image)
# 在空白图像上绘制轮廓
for contour in contours:
contour_image[
np.round(contour[:, 0]).astype(int), np.round(contour[:, 1]).astype(int)
] = 1
skeleton_zha_contour_image = np.zeros(
(3, image.shape[0], image.shape[1]), dtype=np.uint8
)
skeleton_zha_contour_image[0, skeleton_zha] = 255
for contour in contours:
skeleton_zha_contour_image[
1, np.round(contour[:, 0]).astype(int), np.round(contour[:, 1]).astype(int)
] = 255
# skeleton_zha_contour_image[1, contour_image] = 255
skeleton_zha_contour_image = np.transpose(skeleton_zha_contour_image, (1, 2, 0))
# skeleton_lee_contour_image = np.zeros(
# (3, image.shape[0], image.shape[1]), dtype=np.uint8
# )
# skeleton_lee_contour_image[0, skeleton_lee] = 255
# for contour in contours:
# skeleton_lee_contour_image[
# 1, np.round(contour[:, 0]).astype(int), np.round(contour[:, 1]).astype(int)
# ] = 255
# # skeleton_lee_contour_image[1, contour_image] = 255
# skeleton_lee_contour_image = np.transpose(skeleton_lee_contour_image, (1, 2, 0))
return (
image,
closed_image,
skeleton_zha,
# skeleton_lee,
contour_image,
skeleton_zha_contour_image,
# skeleton_lee_contour_image,
)
def calculate_crack_length(skeletons, scale_factor):
# 标记连通区域
labeled_skeletons = label(skeletons)
# 存储所有裂隙的像素坐标、微分裂隙的长度和像素个数
all_crack_coordinates = []
all_crack_lengths = []
all_crack_pixel_counts = []
# 处理每个连通域
for skeleton_idx in range(
1, np.max(labeled_skeletons) + 1
): # 从1开始，因为0表示背景
# 提取当前连通域的骨架
current_skeleton = (labeled_skeletons == skeleton_idx).astype(np.uint8)
# # 提取当前骨架的坐标和像素个数
coords = np.column_stack(np.where(current_skeleton))
pixel_count = np.sum(current_skeleton)
# 提取当前骨架的轮廓
contour = find_contours(current_skeleton, level=0.5)[0]
# 裂隙的像素坐标
crack_coordinates = np.round(contour).astype(int)
# # 微分法求取单条裂隙的长度
# dx = np.diff(crack_coordinates[:, 1])
# dy = np.diff(crack_coordinates[:, 0])
# distances = np.sqrt(dx**2 + dy**2)
total_length = np.sum(current_skeleton) * scale_factor
# 将每一微分段裂隙单元的长度进行累加，得到单条裂隙的总长度
# total_length = np.sum(distances)
# 根据比例缩放
# total_length *= scale_factor
print(f"crack connected domain-{skeleton_idx} average lengths:{total_length}")
# 存储当前裂隙的信息
all_crack_coordinates.append(crack_coordinates)
all_crack_pixel_counts.append(pixel_count)
all_crack_lengths.append([skeleton_idx, total_length])
all_crack_average_lengths = np.sum(all_crack_lengths) / len(all_crack_lengths)
print(f"crack average lengths:{all_crack_average_lengths}")
return (
all_crack_coordinates,
all_crack_lengths,
all_crack_pixel_counts,
all_crack_average_lengths,
)
# # 将每一微分段骨架单元的长度进行累加，得到骨架的总长度
# total_length = np.sum(skeleton) * scale_factor
# # total_length = np.sum(distances)
# return total_length
def calculate_crack_width(
image,
skeletons,
scale_factor,
tree_n=3,
find_contours_level=0.5,
hband=5,
vband=5,
est_width=50,
):
# 标记连通区域
labeled_skeletons = label(skeletons)
# 存储所有裂隙的像素坐标、微分裂隙的长度和像素个数
all_crack_interps = []
all_crack_widths = []
all_connected_domain_widths = []
# 处理每个连通域
for skeleton_idx in range(
1, np.max(labeled_skeletons) + 1
): # 从1开始，因为0表示背景
# 提取当前连通域的骨架
current_skeleton = (labeled_skeletons == skeleton_idx).astype(np.uint8)
# 提取当前骨架的坐标和像素个数
coords = np.column_stack(np.where(current_skeleton))
pixel_count = np.sum(current_skeleton)
normals = estimate_normals(coords, tree_n)
# 提取当前连通域的轮廓
labeled_images = label(image)
if np.max(labeled_skeletons) != np.max(labeled_images):
raise ValueError(f"the number of images != the number of skeletons")
current_connected_domain_coords = np.column_stack(
np.where((labeled_images == skeleton_idx).astype(np.uint8))
)
current_connected_domain = np.zeros_like(labeled_images)
current_connected_domain[
current_connected_domain_coords[:, 0], current_connected_domain_coords[:, 1]
] = 1
contours = find_contours(current_connected_domain, level=find_contours_level)
bpoints = np.vstack(contours)
interps, widths = get_crack_ctrlpts(
coords, normals, bpoints, hband, vband, est_width
)
# print(widths)
# if len(widths) == 0 or len(interps) == 0:
per_crack_widths = np.sum(np.abs(widths[:, 1:]), axis=1)
# 计算当前裂缝连通域的宽度平均值
average_crack_widths = np.sum(per_crack_widths) / len(widths) * scale_factor
print(
f"crack connected domain-{skeleton_idx} average widths:{average_crack_widths}"
)
all_crack_interps.append(interps)
all_crack_widths.append(widths)
all_connected_domain_widths.append([skeleton_idx, average_crack_widths])
# 计算图像中的所有裂缝的宽度平均值
all_average_crack_widths = np.sum(
np.array(all_connected_domain_widths)[:, 1]
) / len(all_connected_domain_widths)
print(f"crack average widths:{all_average_crack_widths}")
return (
all_crack_interps,
all_crack_widths,
all_connected_domain_widths,
all_average_crack_widths,
)
def draw_widths(image, interps, show_points_nums, save_dir, image_name, plugin):
# inters 为 all_crack_interps
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
for interp in interps:
show_points_nums_copy = np.copy(show_points_nums)
if interp.shape[0] < show_points_nums_copy:
show_points_nums_copy = interp.shape[0]
interps_show = interp[
np.random.choice(interp.shape[0], show_points_nums_copy, replace=False), :
]
for i in range(interps_show.shape[0]):
ax.plot(
[interps_show[i, 1], interps_show[i, 3]],
[interps_show[i, 0], interps_show[i, 2]],
c="c",
ls="-",
lw=2,
marker="o",
ms=4,
mec="c",
mfc="c",
)
ax.imshow(image)
# 设置坐标轴不可见
ax.axis("off")
# 调整子图的间距，使得图像紧凑显示
plt.subplots_adjust(left=0, right=1, top=1, bottom=0)
save_file_dir = os.path.join(save_dir, image_name.split(".")[0])
if not os.path.exists(save_file_dir):
os.makedirs(save_file_dir)
plt.savefig(
os.path.join(save_file_dir, image_name.split(".")[0] + f"{plugin}.png"),
bbox_inches="tight",
pad_inches=0,
)
# 显示结果
# plt.show()
def radians_to_degrees_minutes_seconds(angle_radians):
# 转换弧度为度
angle_degrees = math.degrees(angle_radians)
# 提取度、分、秒
degrees = int(angle_degrees)
remainder_minutes = (angle_degrees - degrees) * 60
minutes = int(remainder_minutes)
seconds = (remainder_minutes - minutes) * 60
return degrees, minutes, seconds
def estimate_crack_direction(image):
# 标记裂缝连通域
labeled_image = label(image)
# 存储裂缝的法线方向和椭圆信息
crack_connected_domain_directions = []
# 处理每个连通域
for region in regionprops(labeled_image):
current_crack_direction = region.orientation
degrees, minutes, seconds = radians_to_degrees_minutes_seconds(
current_crack_direction
)
print(
f"{region.label}-{current_crack_direction}-子连通域弧度对应的度分秒为：{degrees}° {minutes}' {seconds}\""
)
crack_connected_domain_directions.append(
[region.label, current_crack_direction, degrees, minutes, seconds]
)
# 计算图像中的所有裂缝的面积平均值
all_average_crack_directions = np.sum(
np.array(crack_connected_domain_directions)[:, 1]
) / len(crack_connected_domain_directions)
all_average_degrees, all_average_minutes, all_average_seconds = (
radians_to_degrees_minutes_seconds(all_average_crack_directions)
)
print(
f"整体平均弧度-{all_average_crack_directions}-对应的度分秒为：{all_average_degrees}° {all_average_minutes}' {all_average_seconds}\""
)
all_average_crack_direction = [
all_average_crack_directions,
all_average_degrees,
all_average_minutes,
all_average_seconds,
]
return crack_connected_domain_directions, all_average_crack_direction
def extract_crack_areas(image, scale_factor=1):
# 标记裂缝连通域
labeled_image = label(image)
# 存储裂缝的法线方向和椭圆信息
crack_connected_domain_areas = []
# 处理每个连通域
for region in regionprops(labeled_image):
crack_area = region.area * (scale_factor * scale_factor)
print(f'{region.label}-子连通域面积为：{crack_area}"')
crack_connected_domain_areas.append([region.label, crack_area])
# 计算图像中的所有裂缝的面积平均值
all_average_crack_areas = np.sum(
np.array(crack_connected_domain_areas)[:, 1]
) / len(crack_connected_domain_areas)
print(f"crack average areas:{all_average_crack_areas}")
return crack_connected_domain_areas, all_average_crack_areas
def save_results(save_dir, image_name, image, plugin):
save_file_dir = os.path.join(save_dir, image_name.split(".")[0])
if not os.path.exists(save_file_dir):
os.makedirs(save_file_dir)
io.imsave(
fname=os.path.join(save_file_dir, image_name.split(".")[0] + f"{plugin}.png"),
arr=image,
)
def extract_crack_feature_parameters(
image_dir,
save_dir,
square_value,
contours_value,
scale_factor,
tree_n=3,
find_contours_level=0.5,
hband=5,
vband=5,
est_width=50,
show_points_nums=50,
):
img_path_list, img_name_list = load_image_list(image_dir)
for img_path, img_name in tqdm(zip(img_path_list, img_name_list)):
try:
print(
f"***************************************************************************************************"
)
print(
f"**************************************** {img_name} BEGIN! ****************************************"
)
print(
f"***************************************************************************************************"
)
########################################## calculate_crack_closed_skeleton ##########################################
(
image,
closed_image,
skeleton_zha,
# skeleton_lee,
contour_image,
skeleton_zha_contour_image,
# skeleton_lee_contour_image,
) = close_skeleton_contour(img_path, square_value, contours_value)
save_results(save_dir, img_name, image * 255, "_image")
save_results(save_dir, img_name, closed_image * 255, "_closed_image")
save_results(save_dir, img_name, skeleton_zha, "_skeleton_zha")
# save_results(save_dir, img_name, skeleton_lee * 255, "_skeleton_lee")
save_results(save_dir, img_name, contour_image * 255, "_contour_image")
save_results(
save_dir,
img_name,
skeleton_zha_contour_image,
"_skeleton_zha_contour_image",
)
# save_results(save_dir, img_name, skeleton_lee_contour_image, '_skeleton_lee_contour_image')
save_file_dir = os.path.join(save_dir, img_name.split(".")[0])
if not os.path.exists(save_file_dir):
os.makedirs(save_file_dir)
########################################## calculate_crack_length ##########################################
(
all_crack_coordinates,
all_crack_lengths,
all_crack_pixel_counts,
all_crack_average_lengths,
) = calculate_crack_length(skeleton_zha, scale_factor)
# 将lengths逐行写入文本文件
with open(f"{save_file_dir}/{img_name}_crack_length.txt", "w") as file:
for row in all_crack_lengths:
file.write(
"_crack_connected_domain_average_length: ".join(map(str, row))
+ "\n"
)
file.write(
f"total figure crack average length: {all_crack_average_lengths}"
)
########################################## calculate_crack_width ##########################################
print(f"{img_name} BEGIN!")
(
all_crack_interps,
all_crack_widths,
all_connected_domain_widths,
all_average_crack_widths,
) = calculate_crack_width(
closed_image,
skeleton_zha,
scale_factor,
tree_n,
find_contours_level,
hband,
vband,
est_width,
)
# 将widths逐行写入文本文件
with open(f"{save_file_dir}/{img_name}_crack_width.txt", "w") as file:
for row in all_connected_domain_widths:
file.write(
"_crack_connected_domain_average_width: ".join(map(str, row))
+ "\n"
)
file.write(
f"total figure crack average width: {all_average_crack_widths}"
)
draw_widths(
skeleton_zha_contour_image,
all_crack_interps,
show_points_nums,
save_dir,
img_name,
"_width",
)
########################################## calculate_crack_direction ##########################################
crack_connected_domain_directions, all_average_crack_direction = (
estimate_crack_direction(closed_image)
)
# 将direction逐行写入文本文件
with open(f"{save_file_dir}/{img_name}_crack_direction.txt", "w") as file:
for row in crack_connected_domain_directions:
file.write(
f"{row[0]}_crack_connected_domain_average_direction:{row[1]} --- 对应的度分秒为：{row[2]}° {row[3]}' {row[4]}\""
+ "\n"
)
file.write(
f"total figure crack average direction: {all_average_crack_direction[0]} --- 对应的度分秒为：{all_average_crack_direction[1]}° {all_average_crack_direction[2]}' {all_average_crack_direction[3]}"
)
########################################## calculate_crack_area ##########################################
crack_connected_domain_areas, all_average_crack_areas = extract_crack_areas(
closed_image, scale_factor
)
# 将area逐行写入文本文件
with open(f"{save_file_dir}/{img_name}_crack_area.txt", "w") as file:
for row in crack_connected_domain_areas:
file.write(
"_crack_connected_domain_average_area: ".join(map(str, row))
+ "\n"
)
file.write(
f"total figure crack average area: {all_average_crack_areas}"
)
print(
f"####################################################################################################"
)
print(
f"######################################### {img_name} OVER! #########################################"
)
print(
f"####################################################################################################"
)
except:
import logging
logging.error(
f"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! {img_name} exists wrong !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
)
continue
if __name__ == "__main__":
import configparser
# 将参数保存到配置文件
config = configparser.ConfigParser()
config["Parameters"] = {
"square_value": "20",
"contours_value": "0.8",
"scale_factor": "2.6",
"tree_n": "3",
"find_contours_level": "0.5",
"hband": "5",
"vband": "5",
"est_width": "30",
"show_points_nums": "150",
"image_dir": "test", # 存放所有裂缝二值图片的文件夹
"save_dir": "results",
}
# 保存配置文件
# 保存配置文件到 save_dir 路径下
save_file_dir = config["Parameters"]["save_dir"]
if not os.path.exists(save_file_dir):
os.makedirs(save_file_dir)
config_file_path = os.path.join(config["Parameters"]["save_dir"], "config.ini")
with open(config_file_path, "w") as configfile:
config.write(configfile)
# 读取配置文件中的参数
config = configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read(config_file_path)
square_value = int(config["Parameters"]["square_value"])
contours_value = float(config["Parameters"]["contours_value"])
scale_factor = float(config["Parameters"]["scale_factor"])
tree_n = int(config["Parameters"]["tree_n"])
find_contours_level = float(config["Parameters"]["find_contours_level"])
hband = int(config["Parameters"]["hband"])
vband = int(config["Parameters"]["vband"])
est_width = int(config["Parameters"]["est_width"])
show_points_nums = int(config["Parameters"]["show_points_nums"])
image_dir = config["Parameters"]["image_dir"]
save_dir = config["Parameters"]["save_dir"]
# 然后在你的函数中使用这些参数
extract_crack_feature_parameters(
image_dir,
save_dir,
square_value,
contours_value,
scale_factor,
tree_n,
find_contours_level,
hband,
vband,
est_width,
show_points_nums,
)
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