TSP+python+混合启发式算法

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-03 10:45:06 发布

喝凉白开都长肉的大胖子

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-03 10:45:06 发布

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分类专栏： TSP+python 文章标签： python 启发式算法开发语言

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/tangshishe/article/details/116076200

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1. 前言

上一篇博文【五种常见启发式算法求解TSP问题-总结篇】中，总结了五种常见启发式算法在求解TSP问题上的效果，其中遗传算法的求解质量最差，而粒子群算法和禁忌搜索算法的求解效果最佳，因此本文计划引入粒子群思想和禁忌搜索思想对遗传算法进行优化。

2. 算法设计

2.1 遗传-禁忌搜索算法

2.1.1 改进思路

禁忌搜索算法的核心思想是不重复已经搜索过的解，以提高搜索的效率。在改进遗传算法上，可以对交叉算子和变异算法做出禁忌操作，具体改进想法如下：
①建立全局禁忌表，存储每一代中的最优解，在所有交叉和变异操作中作为禁忌对象；
②建立局部禁忌表，在交叉算子中，局部禁忌表为上一代种群和当前已交叉生成的子代种群，在变异算子中，局部禁忌表为上一代种群、交叉后待变异的种群和当前已变异生成子代种群；

2.1.2 程序设计

①基于禁忌搜索算法改进的交叉算子

def crossover(popsize,parent1_pops,parent2_pops,pc,tabu_list,par_pops):
    '''
    #顺序交叉
    输入：popsize-种群大小,parent1_pops-父代,parent2_pops-母代,pc-交叉概率,tabu_list-全局禁忌表,par_pops-上一代种群；
    输出：交叉后的种群-child_pops
    '''
    child_pops = []
<span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>popsize<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    flag <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">True</span>
    <span class="token keyword">while</span> flag<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        
        <span class="token comment">#初始化</span>
        child <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parent1_pops<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        parent1 <span class="token operator">=</span> parent1_pops<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
        parent2 <span class="token operator">=</span> parent2_pops<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
        
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> random<span class="token punctuation">.</span>random<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;=</span> pc<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
            child <span class="token operator">=</span> parent1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>copy<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#随机生成一个</span>
            random<span class="token punctuation">.</span>shuffle<span class="token punctuation">(</span>child<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            
        <span class="token keyword">else</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
            <span class="token comment">#parent1 -&gt; child</span>
            start_pos <span class="token operator">=</span> random<span class="token punctuation">.</span>randint<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parent1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            end_pos <span class="token operator">=</span> random<span class="token punctuation">.</span>randint<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parent1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            <span class="token keyword">if</span> start_pos<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>end_pos<span class="token punctuation">:</span>start_pos<span class="token punctuation">,</span>end_pos <span class="token operator">=</span> end_pos<span class="token punctuation">,</span>start_pos
            child<span class="token punctuation">[</span>start_pos<span class="token punctuation">:</span>end_pos<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> parent1<span class="token punctuation">[</span>start_pos<span class="token punctuation">:</span>end_pos<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>copy<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            <span class="token comment"># parent2 -&gt; child</span>
            list1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">list</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>end_pos<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parent2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            list2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">list</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>start_pos<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            list_index <span class="token operator">=</span> list1<span class="token operator">+</span>list2
            j <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span>
            <span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> list_index<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
                <span class="token keyword">for</span> j <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>j<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parent2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
                    <span class="token keyword">if</span> parent2<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">not</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> child<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
                        child<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> parent2<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
                        <span class="token keyword">break</span>
        
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>child <span class="token operator">not</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> tabu_list<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>child <span class="token operator">not</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> child_pops<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>child <span class="token operator">not</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> par_pops<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token comment">#判断是否满足禁忌表</span>
            child_pops<span class="token punctuation">.</span>append<span class="token punctuation">(</span>child<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            flag <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">False</span>
            
<span class="token keyword">return</span> child_pops

②基于禁忌搜索算法改进的变异算子

def mutate(pops,pm,tabu_list,par_pops):
    '''
    #基本位变异，成对变异
    输入：pops-交叉后种群,pm-变异概率,tabu_list-群居禁忌表,par_pops-上一代种群；
    输出：变异后种群-pops_mutate
    '''
    pops_mutate = []
    for i in range(len(pops)):
        flag = True
        while flag:
            pop = pops[i].copy()
            t = random.randint(1,10)#随机多次成对变异
            count = 0
            while count < t:
                if random.random() < pm: 
                        mut_pos1 = random.randint(0,len(pop)-1)  
                        mut_pos2 = random.randint(0,len(pop)-1)
                        if mut_pos1 != mut_pos2:pop[mut_pos1],pop[mut_pos2] = pop[mut_pos2],pop[mut_pos1]
                count +=1
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>pop <span class="token operator">not</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> tabu_list<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>pop <span class="token operator">not</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> pops_mutate<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>pop <span class="token operator">not</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> pops<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>pop <span class="token operator">not</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> par_pops<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token comment">#全局禁忌、当前禁忌、交叉后种群禁忌，上一代种群禁忌</span>
            pops_mutate<span class="token punctuation">.</span>append<span class="token punctuation">(</span>pop<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            flag <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">False</span>

<span class="token keyword">return</span> pops_mutate

③完整程序

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import math
import random
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.pylab import mpl
mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']  # 添加这条可以让图形显示中文

def calFitness(line,dis_matrix):
‘’’
计算路径距离，即评价函数
输入：line-路径，dis_matrix-城市间距离矩阵；
输出：路径距离-dis_sum
‘’'
dis_sum = 0
dis = 0
for i in range(len(line)-1):
dis = dis_matrix.loc[line[i],line[i+1]]#计算距离
dis_sum = dis_sum+dis
dis = dis_matrix.loc[line[-1],line[0]]
dis_sum = dis_sum+dis
return round(dis_sum,1)

def tournament_select(pops,popsize,fits,tournament_size):
‘’’
#锦标赛选择
‘’'
new_pops = []
while len(new_pops)<len(pops):
tournament_list = random.sample(range(0,popsize),tournament_size)
tournament_fit = [fits[i] for i in tournament_list]
#转化为df方便索引
tournament_df = pd.DataFrame([tournament_list,tournament_fit]).transpose().sort_values(by=1).reset_index(drop=True)
#选出获胜者
pop = pops[int(tournament_df.iloc[0,0])]
new_pops.append(pop)

<span class="token keyword">return</span> new_pops

def crossover(popsize,parent1_pops,parent2_pops,pc,tabu_list,par_pops):
‘’’
#顺序交叉
输入：popsize-种群大小,parent1_pops-父代,parent2_pops-母代,pc-交叉概率,tabu_list-全局禁忌表,par_pops-上一代种群；
输出：交叉后的种群-child_pops
‘’'
child_pops = []

<span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>popsize<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    flag <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">True</span>
    <span class="token keyword">while</span> flag<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        
        <span class="token comment">#初始化</span>
        child <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parent1_pops<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        parent1 <span class="token operator">=</span> parent1_pops<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
        parent2 <span class="token operator">=</span> parent2_pops<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
        
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> random<span class="token punctuation">.</span>random<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;=</span> pc<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
            child <span class="token operator">=</span> parent1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>copy<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#随机生成一个</span>
            random<span class="token punctuation">.</span>shuffle<span class="token punctuation">(</span>child<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            
        <span class="token keyword">else</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
            <span class="token comment">#parent1 -&gt; child</span>
            start_pos <span class="token operator">=</span> random<span class="token punctuation">.</span>randint<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parent1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            end_pos <span class="token operator">=</span> random<span class="token punctuation">.</span>randint<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parent1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            <span class="token keyword">if</span> start_pos<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>end_pos<span class="token punctuation">:</span>start_pos<span class="token punctuation">,</span>end_pos <span class="token operator">=</span> end_pos<span class="token punctuation">,</span>start_pos
            child<span class="token punctuation">[</span>start_pos<span class="token punctuation">:</span>end_pos<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> parent1<span class="token punctuation">[</span>start_pos<span class="token punctuation">:</span>end_pos<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>copy<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            <span class="token comment"># parent2 -&gt; child</span>
            list1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">list</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>end_pos<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parent2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            list2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">list</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>start_pos<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            list_index <span class="token operator">=</span> list1<span class="token operator">+</span>list2
            j <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span>
            <span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> list_index<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
                <span class="token keyword">for</span> j <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>j<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parent2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
                    <span class="token keyword">if</span> parent2<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">not</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> child<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
                        child<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> parent2<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
                        <span class="token keyword">break</span>
        
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>child <span class="token operator">not</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> tabu_list<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>child <span class="token operator">not</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> child_pops<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>child <span class="token operator">not</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> par_pops<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token comment">#判断是否满足禁忌表</span>
            child_pops<span class="token punctuation">.</span>append<span class="token punctuation">(</span>child<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            flag <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">False</span>
            
<span class="token keyword">return</span> child_pops

def mutate(pops,pm,tabu_list,par_pops):
‘’’
#基本位变异，成对变异
输入：pops-交叉后种群,pm-变异概率,tabu_list-群居禁忌表,par_pops-上一代种群；
输出：变异后种群-pops_mutate
‘’'
pops_mutate = []
for i in range(len(pops)):
flag = True
while flag:
pop = pops[i].copy()
t = random.randint(1,10)#随机多次成对变异
count = 0
while count < t:
if random.random() < pm:
mut_pos1 = random.randint(0,len(pop)-1)
mut_pos2 = random.randint(0,len(pop)-1)
if mut_pos1 != mut_pos2:pop[mut_pos1],pop[mut_pos2] = pop[mut_pos2],pop[mut_pos1]
count +=1

        <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>pop <span class="token operator">not</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> tabu_list<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>pop <span class="token operator">not</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> pops_mutate<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>pop <span class="token operator">not</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> pops<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>pop <span class="token operator">not</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> par_pops<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token comment">#全局禁忌、当前禁忌、交叉后种群禁忌，上一代种群禁忌</span>
            pops_mutate<span class="token punctuation">.</span>append<span class="token punctuation">(</span>pop<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            flag <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">False</span>

<span class="token keyword">return</span> pops_mutate

#画路径图
def draw_path(line,CityCoordinates):
x,y= [],[]
for i in line:
Coordinate = CityCoordinates[i]
x.append(Coordinate[0])
y.append(Coordinate[1])
x.append(x[0])
y.append(y[0])

plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>plot<span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">,</span> y<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'r-'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> color<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'#4169E1'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> alpha<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0.8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> linewidth<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0.8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>xlabel<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'x'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ylabel<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'y'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>show<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

if name == ‘main’:
#参数
# CityNum = 50#城市数量
# MinCoordinate = 0#二维坐标最小值
# MaxCoordinate = 101#二维坐标最大值

<span class="token comment">#GA参数</span>
generation <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1000</span>  <span class="token comment">#迭代次数</span>
popsize <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">100</span>   <span class="token comment">#种群大小</span>
tournament_size <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token comment">#锦标赛小组大小</span>
pc <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0.95</span>   <span class="token comment">#交叉概率</span>
pm <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0.1</span>    <span class="token comment">#变异概率</span>

<span class="token comment">#TS参数</span>
tabu_limit <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">100</span> <span class="token comment">#禁忌长度</span>
tabu_list <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token comment">#禁忌表</span>
tabu_time <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token comment">#禁忌次数</span>

<span class="token comment">#随机生成城市数据,城市序号为0,1，2,3...</span>
<span class="token comment"># CityCoordinates = [(random.randint(MinCoordinate,MaxCoordinate+1),random.randint(MinCoordinate,MaxCoordinate+1)) for i in range(CityNum)]</span>
<span class="token comment"># CityCoordinates = [(88, 16),(42, 76),(5, 76),(69, 13),(73, 56),(100, 100),(22, 92),(48, 74),(73, 46),(39, 1),(51, 75),(92, 2),(101, 44),(55, 26),(71, 27),(42, 81),(51, 91),(89, 54),(33, 18),(40, 78)]</span>
CityCoordinates <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">71</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">71</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">71</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">19</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">41</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">67</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">22</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">34</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">60</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">36</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">38</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">18</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">92</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">96</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">27</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">71</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">85</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">24</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">70</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">12</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">77</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">88</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">59</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">49</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">27</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">87</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">94</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">97</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">37</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">42</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">78</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">65</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">57</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">96</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">95</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">86</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">61</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">55</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">94</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">74</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">39</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">62</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">43</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">34</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">11</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">18</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">79</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">99</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">76</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">39</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">51</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">74</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">71</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">59</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">98</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">98</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">91</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">54</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">72</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">79</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">66</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">88</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">88</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">30</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">57</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">67</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">86</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">75</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment">#计算城市之间的距离</span>
dis_matrix <span class="token operator">=</span> pd<span class="token punctuation">.</span>DataFrame<span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>columns<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>CityCoordinates<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>index<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>CityCoordinates<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>CityCoordinates<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    xi<span class="token punctuation">,</span>yi <span class="token operator">=</span> CityCoordinates<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>CityCoordinates<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    <span class="token keyword">for</span> j <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>CityCoordinates<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        xj<span class="token punctuation">,</span>yj <span class="token operator">=</span> CityCoordinates<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>CityCoordinates<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
        dis_matrix<span class="token punctuation">.</span>iloc<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">,</span>j<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">round</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>math<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sqrt<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>xi<span class="token operator">-</span>xj<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">**</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>yi<span class="token operator">-</span>yj<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">**</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

iteration <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span>
<span class="token comment">#初始化,随机构造</span>
pops <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>random<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sample<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>i <span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token builtin">list</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>CityCoordinates<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>CityCoordinates<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> j <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>popsize<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment">#计算适应度</span>
fits <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">*</span>popsize
<span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>popsize<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    fits<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> calFitness<span class="token punctuation">(</span>pops<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>dis_matrix<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment">#保留当前最优</span>
best_fit <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">min</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
best_pop <span class="token operator">=</span> pops<span class="token punctuation">[</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">.</span>index<span class="token punctuation">(</span>best_fit<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment">#禁忌</span>
tabu_list<span class="token punctuation">.</span>append<span class="token punctuation">(</span>best_pop<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
tabu_time<span class="token punctuation">.</span>append<span class="token punctuation">(</span>tabu_limit<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'初代最优值 %.1f'</span> <span class="token operator">%</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>best_fit<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
best_fit_list <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
best_fit_list<span class="token punctuation">.</span>append<span class="token punctuation">(</span>best_fit<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token keyword">while</span> iteration <span class="token operator">&lt;=</span> generation<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    <span class="token comment">#锦标赛赛选择</span>
    pop1 <span class="token operator">=</span> tournament_select<span class="token punctuation">(</span>pops<span class="token punctuation">,</span>popsize<span class="token punctuation">,</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">,</span>tournament_size<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    pop2 <span class="token operator">=</span> tournament_select<span class="token punctuation">(</span>pops<span class="token punctuation">,</span>popsize<span class="token punctuation">,</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">,</span>tournament_size<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    child_pops <span class="token operator">=</span> crossover<span class="token punctuation">(</span>popsize<span class="token punctuation">,</span>pop1<span class="token punctuation">,</span>pop2<span class="token punctuation">,</span>pc<span class="token punctuation">,</span>tabu_list<span class="token punctuation">,</span>pops<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#交叉</span>
    child_pops <span class="token operator">=</span> mutate<span class="token punctuation">(</span>child_pops<span class="token punctuation">,</span>pm<span class="token punctuation">,</span>tabu_list<span class="token punctuation">,</span>pops<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#变异</span>
    
    child_fits <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">*</span>popsize
    <span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>popsize<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        child_fits<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> calFitness<span class="token punctuation">(</span>child_pops<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>dis_matrix<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        
    <span class="token comment">#一对一生存者竞争</span>
    <span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>popsize<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> fits<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> child_fits<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
            fits<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> child_fits<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
            pops<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> child_pops<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    
    <span class="token comment">#更新禁忌表</span>
    tabu_time <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>x<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> x <span class="token keyword">in</span> tabu_time<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> tabu_time<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        tabu_list<span class="token punctuation">.</span>remove<span class="token punctuation">(</span>tabu_list<span class="token punctuation">[</span>tabu_time<span class="token punctuation">.</span>index<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        tabu_time<span class="token punctuation">.</span>remove<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

    <span class="token keyword">if</span> best_fit<span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token builtin">min</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        best_fit <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">min</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        best_pop <span class="token operator">=</span> pops<span class="token punctuation">[</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">.</span>index<span class="token punctuation">(</span>best_fit<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    <span class="token comment">#添加禁忌</span>
    tabu_list<span class="token punctuation">.</span>append<span class="token punctuation">(</span>best_pop<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    tabu_time<span class="token punctuation">.</span>append<span class="token punctuation">(</span>tabu_limit<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        
    best_fit_list<span class="token punctuation">.</span>append<span class="token punctuation">(</span>best_fit<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'第%d代最优值 %.1f'</span> <span class="token operator">%</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>iteration<span class="token punctuation">,</span> best_fit<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    iteration <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token number">1</span>

<span class="token comment">#路径顺序</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>best_pop<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment"># #画图</span>
draw_path<span class="token punctuation">(</span>best_pop<span class="token punctuation">,</span>CityCoordinates<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">#迭代图</span>
iters <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">list</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>best_fit_list<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>plot<span class="token punctuation">(</span>iters<span class="token punctuation">,</span> best_fit_list<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'r-'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> color<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'#4169E1'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> alpha<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0.8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> linewidth<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0.8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>xlabel<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'迭代次数'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ylabel<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'最优解'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>show<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

最优解为[27, 25, 23, 49, 45, 29, 43, 40, 35, 9, 31, 26, 39, 34, 14, 6, 19, 41, 20, 24, 33, 1, 0, 22, 48, 44, 13, 21, 30, 16, 37, 10, 46, 36, 18, 15, 8, 28, 42, 38, 3, 11, 47, 32, 17, 7, 2, 4, 12, 5]，其适应度值为617.0，路径图和迭代效果如下。
在这里插入图片描述

【讨论】经过测试，多次求解质量的平均水平相比经典遗传算法有了一定的改进。

2.2 遗传-粒子群算法

2.2.1改进思路

粒子群算法的核心思想是不断向当前最优解和历史最优解的方向移动，以达到最优解，在改进遗传算法上的思路是在交叉操作上，以一定的概率（轮盘赌操作）与当前最优解或历史最优解进行交叉操作。

2.2.2 程序设计

①基于粒子群算法改进的交叉算子

def crossover(popsize,parent1_pops,pc,c1,c2,pLine,best_pop):
    '''
    #顺序交叉
    输入：popsize-种群大小,parent1_pops-选择后父代,pc-变异系数,c1-自我认知因子,c2-社会认知因子,pLine-当前最优解,best_pop-历史最优解
    输出：交叉后子代种群-child_pops
    '''
    child_pops = []
    for i in range(popsize):
        #初始化
        child = [None]*len(parent1_pops[i])
        parent1 = parent1_pops[i]
        #求parent2
        randNum = random.uniform(0, sum([c1,c2]))
        if randNum <= c1:
            parent2 = pLine
        else:
            parent2 = best_pop
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> random<span class="token punctuation">.</span>random<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;=</span> pc<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        child <span class="token operator">=</span> parent1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>copy<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#随机生成一个</span>
        random<span class="token punctuation">.</span>shuffle<span class="token punctuation">(</span>child<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        
    <span class="token keyword">else</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        <span class="token comment">#parent1-&gt; child</span>
        start_pos <span class="token operator">=</span> random<span class="token punctuation">.</span>randint<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parent1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        end_pos <span class="token operator">=</span> random<span class="token punctuation">.</span>randint<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parent1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> start_pos<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>end_pos<span class="token punctuation">:</span>start_pos<span class="token punctuation">,</span>end_pos <span class="token operator">=</span> end_pos<span class="token punctuation">,</span>start_pos
        
        child<span class="token punctuation">[</span>start_pos<span class="token punctuation">:</span>end_pos<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> parent1<span class="token punctuation">[</span>start_pos<span class="token punctuation">:</span>end_pos<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>copy<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token comment"># parent2 -&gt; child</span>
        list1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">list</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>end_pos<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parent2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        list2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">list</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>start_pos<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        list_index <span class="token operator">=</span> list1<span class="token operator">+</span>list2
        j <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span>
        <span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> list_index<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
            <span class="token keyword">for</span> j <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>j<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parent2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
                <span class="token keyword">if</span> parent2<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">not</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> child<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
                    child<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> parent2<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
                    <span class="token keyword">break</span>
    child_pops<span class="token punctuation">.</span>append<span class="token punctuation">(</span>child<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> child_pops

②完整程序

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
遗传算法求解TSP问题
随机在（0,100）二维平面生成20个点
距离最小化
"""
import math
import random
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.pylab import mpl
mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']  # 添加这条可以让图形显示中文

def calFitness(line,dis_matrix):
dis_sum = 0
dis = 0
for i in range(len(line)):
if i<len(line)-1:
dis = dis_matrix.loc[line[i],line[i+1]]#计算距离
dis_sum = dis_sum+dis
else:
dis = dis_matrix.loc[line[i],line[0]]
dis_sum = dis_sum+dis
return round(dis_sum,1)

#锦标赛选择
def tournament_select(pops,popsize,fits,tournament_size):
new_pops = []
while len(new_pops)<len(pops):
tournament_list = random.sample(range(0,popsize),tournament_size)
tournament_fit = [fits[i] for i in tournament_list]
#转化为df方便索引
tournament_df = pd.DataFrame([tournament_list,tournament_fit]).transpose().sort_values(by=1).reset_index(drop=True)
#选出获胜者
pop = pops[int(tournament_df.iloc[0,0])]
new_pops.append(pop)

<span class="token keyword">return</span> new_pops

def crossover(popsize,parent1_pops,pc,c1,c2,pLine,best_pop):
‘’’
#顺序交叉
输入：popsize-种群大小,parent1_pops-选择后父代,pc-变异系数,c1-自我认知因子,c2-社会认知因子,pLine-当前最优解,best_pop-历史最优解
输出：交叉后子代种群-child_pops
‘’'
child_pops = []
for i in range(popsize):
#初始化
child = [None]*len(parent1_pops[i])
parent1 = parent1_pops[i]
#求parent2
randNum = random.uniform(0, sum([c1,c2]))
if randNum <= c1:
parent2 = pLine
else:
parent2 = best_pop

    <span class="token keyword">if</span> random<span class="token punctuation">.</span>random<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;=</span> pc<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        child <span class="token operator">=</span> parent1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>copy<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#随机生成一个</span>
        random<span class="token punctuation">.</span>shuffle<span class="token punctuation">(</span>child<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        
    <span class="token keyword">else</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        <span class="token comment">#parent1-&gt; child</span>
        start_pos <span class="token operator">=</span> random<span class="token punctuation">.</span>randint<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parent1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        end_pos <span class="token operator">=</span> random<span class="token punctuation">.</span>randint<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parent1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> start_pos<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>end_pos<span class="token punctuation">:</span>start_pos<span class="token punctuation">,</span>end_pos <span class="token operator">=</span> end_pos<span class="token punctuation">,</span>start_pos
        
        child<span class="token punctuation">[</span>start_pos<span class="token punctuation">:</span>end_pos<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> parent1<span class="token punctuation">[</span>start_pos<span class="token punctuation">:</span>end_pos<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>copy<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token comment"># parent2 -&gt; child</span>
        list1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">list</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>end_pos<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parent2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        list2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">list</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>start_pos<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        list_index <span class="token operator">=</span> list1<span class="token operator">+</span>list2
        j <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span>
        <span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> list_index<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
            <span class="token keyword">for</span> j <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>j<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parent2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
                <span class="token keyword">if</span> parent2<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">not</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> child<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
                    child<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> parent2<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
                    <span class="token keyword">break</span>
    child_pops<span class="token punctuation">.</span>append<span class="token punctuation">(</span>child<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> child_pops

def mutate(pops,pm):
‘’’
#基本位变异，成对变异
‘’'
pops_mutate = []
for i in range(len(pops)):
pop = pops[i].copy()
t = random.randint(1,10)#随机多次成对变异
count = 0
while count < t:
if random.random() < pm:
mut_pos1 = random.randint(0,len(pop)-1)
mut_pos2 = random.randint(0,len(pop)-1)
if mut_pos1 != mut_pos2:pop[mut_pos1],pop[mut_pos2] = pop[mut_pos2],pop[mut_pos1]
pops_mutate.append(pop)
count +=1
return pops_mutate

#画路径图
def draw_path(line,CityCoordinates):
x,y= [],[]
for i in line:
Coordinate = CityCoordinates[i]
x.append(Coordinate[0])
y.append(Coordinate[1])
x.append(x[0])
y.append(y[0])
plt.plot(x, y,‘r-’, color=‘#4169E1’, alpha=0.8, linewidth=0.8)
plt.xlabel(‘x’)
plt.ylabel(‘y’)
plt.show()

if name == ‘main’:
# #参数
# CityNum = 50#城市数量
# MinCoordinate = 0#二维坐标最小值
# MaxCoordinate = 101#二维坐标最大值

<span class="token comment">#GA参数</span>
generation <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1000</span>  <span class="token comment">#迭代次数</span>
popsize <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">100</span>   <span class="token comment">#种群大小</span>
tournament_size <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token comment">#锦标赛小组大小</span>
pc <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0.95</span>   <span class="token comment">#交叉概率</span>
pm <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0.1</span>    <span class="token comment">#变异概率</span>
<span class="token comment"># n = 1#灾变系数</span>

<span class="token comment">#PSO参数</span>
c1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0.5</span><span class="token comment">#自我认知因子</span>
c2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0.5</span><span class="token comment">#社会认知因子</span>
pBest<span class="token punctuation">,</span>pLine <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment">#当前最优值、当前最优解，（自我认知部分）</span>

<span class="token comment">#随机生成城市数据,城市序号为0,1，2,3...</span>
<span class="token comment"># CityCoordinates = [(random.randint(MinCoordinate,MaxCoordinate+1),random.randint(MinCoordinate,MaxCoordinate+1)) for i in range(CityNum)]</span>
<span class="token comment"># CityCoordinates = [(88, 16),(42, 76),(5, 76),(69, 13),(73, 56),(100, 100),(22, 92),(48, 74),(73, 46),(39, 1),(51, 75),(92, 2),(101, 44),(55, 26),(71, 27),(42, 81),(51, 91),(89, 54),(33, 18),(40, 78)]</span>
CityCoordinates <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">71</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">71</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">71</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">19</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">41</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">67</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">22</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">34</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">60</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">36</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">38</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">18</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">92</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">96</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">27</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">71</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">85</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">24</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">70</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">12</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">77</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">88</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">59</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">49</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">27</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">87</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">94</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">97</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">37</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">42</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">78</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">65</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">57</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">96</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">95</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">86</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">61</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">55</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">94</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">74</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">39</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">62</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">43</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">34</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">11</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">18</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">79</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">99</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">76</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">39</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">51</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">74</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">71</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">59</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">98</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">98</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">91</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">54</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">72</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">79</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">66</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">88</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">88</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">30</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">57</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">67</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">86</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">75</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment">#计算城市之间的距离</span>
dis_matrix <span class="token operator">=</span> pd<span class="token punctuation">.</span>DataFrame<span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>columns<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>CityCoordinates<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>index<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>CityCoordinates<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>CityCoordinates<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    xi<span class="token punctuation">,</span>yi <span class="token operator">=</span> CityCoordinates<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>CityCoordinates<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    <span class="token keyword">for</span> j <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>CityCoordinates<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        xj<span class="token punctuation">,</span>yj <span class="token operator">=</span> CityCoordinates<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>CityCoordinates<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
        dis_matrix<span class="token punctuation">.</span>iloc<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">,</span>j<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">round</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>math<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sqrt<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>xi<span class="token operator">-</span>xj<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">**</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>yi<span class="token operator">-</span>yj<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">**</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

iteration <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span>
<span class="token comment">#初始化,随机构造</span>
pops <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>random<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sample<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>i <span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token builtin">list</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>CityCoordinates<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>CityCoordinates<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> j <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>popsize<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment">#计算适应度</span>
fits <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">*</span>popsize
<span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>popsize<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    fits<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> calFitness<span class="token punctuation">(</span>pops<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>dis_matrix<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment">#保留当前最优</span>
best_fit <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">min</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
best_pop <span class="token operator">=</span> pops<span class="token punctuation">[</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">.</span>index<span class="token punctuation">(</span>best_fit<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
pBest<span class="token punctuation">,</span>pLine <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">min</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>pops<span class="token punctuation">[</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">.</span>index<span class="token punctuation">(</span>best_fit<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>


<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'初代最优值 %.1f'</span> <span class="token operator">%</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>best_fit<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
best_fit_list <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
best_fit_list<span class="token punctuation">.</span>append<span class="token punctuation">(</span>best_fit<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token keyword">while</span> iteration <span class="token operator">&lt;=</span> generation<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    
    pop1 <span class="token operator">=</span> tournament_select<span class="token punctuation">(</span>pops<span class="token punctuation">,</span>popsize<span class="token punctuation">,</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">,</span>tournament_size<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#锦标赛赛选择</span>
    child_pops <span class="token operator">=</span> crossover<span class="token punctuation">(</span>popsize<span class="token punctuation">,</span>pop1<span class="token punctuation">,</span>pc<span class="token punctuation">,</span>c1<span class="token punctuation">,</span>c2<span class="token punctuation">,</span>pLine<span class="token punctuation">,</span>best_pop<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#交叉</span>
    child_pops <span class="token operator">=</span> mutate<span class="token punctuation">(</span>child_pops<span class="token punctuation">,</span>pm<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#变异</span>
    
    child_fits <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">*</span>popsize
    <span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>popsize<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        child_fits<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> calFitness<span class="token punctuation">(</span>child_pops<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>dis_matrix<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        
    <span class="token comment">#一对一生存者竞争</span>
    <span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>popsize<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> fits<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> child_fits<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
            fits<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> child_fits<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
            pops<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> child_pops<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> best_fit<span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token builtin">min</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        best_fit <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">min</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        best_pop <span class="token operator">=</span> pops<span class="token punctuation">[</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">.</span>index<span class="token punctuation">(</span>best_fit<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
        pBest<span class="token punctuation">,</span>pLine <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">min</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>pops<span class="token punctuation">[</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">.</span>index<span class="token punctuation">(</span>best_fit<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
        <span class="token comment"># n = 1#灾变系数</span>
    
    <span class="token keyword">elif</span> pBest<span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token builtin">min</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        pBest<span class="token punctuation">,</span>pLine <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">min</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>pops<span class="token punctuation">[</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">.</span>index<span class="token punctuation">(</span>best_fit<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    <span class="token comment">#     n += 1</span>
    <span class="token comment"># else:</span>
    <span class="token comment">#     n += 1</span>

    <span class="token comment"># if n == 20:#20代历史最优值没变化就发生灾变</span>
    <span class="token comment">#     for i in range(int(len(pops)/2)):</span>
    <span class="token comment">#         pops[i] = random.sample([i for i in list(range(len(CityCoordinates)))],len(CityCoordinates))</span>
    
    best_fit_list<span class="token punctuation">.</span>append<span class="token punctuation">(</span>best_fit<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'第%d代最优值 %.1f'</span> <span class="token operator">%</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>iteration<span class="token punctuation">,</span> best_fit<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    iteration <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token number">1</span>

<span class="token comment">#路径顺序</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>best_pop<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment"># #画图</span>
draw_path<span class="token punctuation">(</span>best_pop<span class="token punctuation">,</span>CityCoordinates<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">#迭代图</span>
iters <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">list</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>best_fit_list<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>plot<span class="token punctuation">(</span>iters<span class="token punctuation">,</span> best_fit_list<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'r-'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> color<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'#4169E1'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> alpha<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0.8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> linewidth<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0.8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>xlabel<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'迭代次数'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ylabel<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'最优解'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>show<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

最优解为[42, 11, 28, 8, 15, 18, 36, 46, 48, 0, 1, 22, 44, 10, 33, 13, 16, 30, 37, 21, 24, 20, 40, 35, 45, 9, 41, 19, 6, 34, 14, 39, 7, 4, 2, 12, 5, 27, 25, 23, 49, 43, 29, 31, 26, 17, 32, 47, 3, 38]，其适应度值为732.6，路径图和迭代效果如下。
在这里插入图片描述

【讨论】粒子群算法改进遗传算法的表现与经典遗传算法相比，表现更差了，深入分析后也可以理解这一结果：在我设计的算法中，只按一定的概率与当前最优解或者历史最优解进行交叉，一定程度上使得种群极易陷入局部解，且缺乏多样性的种群很难跳出局部最优解。尝试引入“灾变”技术进行改进（代码中有保留，灾变系数n注释掉的部分），但是效果也不佳，归根到底，种群多样性少会使得种群搜索效率变得较低。

2.3 遗传-禁忌搜索-粒子群算法

2.3.1改进思路

粒子群算法改进的效果不佳，一定部分原因是收敛太快导致使得搜索效率低下，为了提高搜索效率，这里再引入禁忌搜索算法的思想尝试进行改进，改进思路是前面两种算法的结合，即在交叉算子和变异算子中引入禁忌搜索的思想，在交叉算子中叠加粒子群算法的思想。

2.3.2 程序设计

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
遗传算法求解TSP问题
随机在（0,100）二维平面生成50个点
距离最小化
"""
import math
import random
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.pylab import mpl
mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']  # 添加这条可以让图形显示中文

def calFitness(line,dis_matrix):
dis_sum = 0
dis = 0
for i in range(len(line)-1):
dis = dis_matrix.loc[line[i],line[i+1]]#计算距离
dis_sum = dis_sum+dis
dis = dis_matrix.loc[line[-1],line[0]]
dis_sum = dis_sum+dis
return round(dis_sum,1)

<span class="token keyword">return</span> new_pops

#顺序交叉
def crossover(popsize,parent1_pops,pc,tabu_list,par_pops,c1,c2,pLine,best_pop):
child_pops = []
for i in range(popsize):
flag = True
while flag:
#初始化
child = [None]*len(parent1_pops[i])
parent1 = parent1_pops[i]

        <span class="token comment">#求parent2</span>
        randNum <span class="token operator">=</span> random<span class="token punctuation">.</span>uniform<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token builtin">sum</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>c1<span class="token punctuation">,</span>c2<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> randNum <span class="token operator">&lt;=</span> c1<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
            parent2 <span class="token operator">=</span> pLine
        <span class="token keyword">else</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
            parent2 <span class="token operator">=</span> best_pop
        
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> random<span class="token punctuation">.</span>random<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;=</span> pc<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
            child <span class="token operator">=</span> parent1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>copy<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#随机生成一个</span>
            random<span class="token punctuation">.</span>shuffle<span class="token punctuation">(</span>child<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            
        <span class="token keyword">else</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
            <span class="token comment">#parent1 -&gt; child</span>
            start_pos <span class="token operator">=</span> random<span class="token punctuation">.</span>randint<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parent1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            end_pos <span class="token operator">=</span> random<span class="token punctuation">.</span>randint<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parent1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            <span class="token keyword">if</span> start_pos<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>end_pos<span class="token punctuation">:</span>start_pos<span class="token punctuation">,</span>end_pos <span class="token operator">=</span> end_pos<span class="token punctuation">,</span>start_pos
            child<span class="token punctuation">[</span>start_pos<span class="token punctuation">:</span>end_pos<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> parent1<span class="token punctuation">[</span>start_pos<span class="token punctuation">:</span>end_pos<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>copy<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            <span class="token comment"># parent2 -&gt; child</span>
            list1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">list</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>end_pos<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parent2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            list2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">list</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>start_pos<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            list_index <span class="token operator">=</span> list1<span class="token operator">+</span>list2
            j <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span>
            <span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> list_index<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
                <span class="token keyword">for</span> j <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>j<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parent2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
                    <span class="token keyword">if</span> parent2<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">not</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> child<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
                        child<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> parent2<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
                        <span class="token keyword">break</span>
        
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>child <span class="token operator">not</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> tabu_list<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>child <span class="token operator">not</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> child_pops<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>child <span class="token operator">not</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> par_pops<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token comment">#全局禁忌、当前禁忌、上一代种群禁忌</span>
            child_pops<span class="token punctuation">.</span>append<span class="token punctuation">(</span>child<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            flag <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">False</span>
                 
<span class="token keyword">return</span> child_pops

#基本位变异，成对变异
def mutate(pops,pm,tabu_list,par_pops):
pops_mutate = []
for i in range(len(pops)):
flag = True
while flag:
pop = pops[i].copy()
#随机多次成对变异
t = random.randint(1,10)
count = 0
while count < t:
if random.random() < pm:
mut_pos1 = random.randint(0,len(pop)-1)
mut_pos2 = random.randint(0,len(pop)-1)
if mut_pos1 != mut_pos2:pop[mut_pos1],pop[mut_pos2] = pop[mut_pos2],pop[mut_pos1]
count +=1

        <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>pop <span class="token operator">not</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> tabu_list<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>pop <span class="token operator">not</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> pops_mutate<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>pop <span class="token operator">not</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> pops<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>pop <span class="token operator">not</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> par_pops<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token comment">#全局禁忌、当前禁忌、变异之前的群体禁忌</span>
            pops_mutate<span class="token punctuation">.</span>append<span class="token punctuation">(</span>pop<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            flag <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">False</span>

<span class="token keyword">return</span> pops_mutate

#画路径图
def draw_path(line,CityCoordinates):
x,y= [],[]
for i in line:
Coordinate = CityCoordinates[i]
x.append(Coordinate[0])
y.append(Coordinate[1])
x.append(x[0])
y.append(y[0])

plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>plot<span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">,</span> y<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'r-'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> color<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'#4169E1'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> alpha<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0.8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> linewidth<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0.8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>xlabel<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'x'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ylabel<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'y'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>show<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

if name == ‘main’:
#参数
CityNum = 50#城市数量
MinCoordinate = 0#二维坐标最小值
MaxCoordinate = 101#二维坐标最大值

<span class="token comment">#GA参数</span>
generation <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1000</span>  <span class="token comment">#迭代次数</span>
popsize <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">100</span>   <span class="token comment">#种群大小</span>
tournament_size <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token comment">#锦标赛小组大小</span>
pc <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0.95</span>   <span class="token comment">#交叉概率</span>
pm <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0.1</span>    <span class="token comment">#变异概率</span>

<span class="token comment">#TS参数</span>
tabu_limit <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">200</span> <span class="token comment">#禁忌长度</span>
tabu_list <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token comment">#禁忌表</span>
tabu_time <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token comment">#禁忌次数</span>

<span class="token comment">#PSO参数</span>
c1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0.5</span><span class="token comment">#自我认知因子</span>
c2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0.5</span><span class="token comment">#社会认知因子</span>
pBest<span class="token punctuation">,</span>pLine <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment">#当前最优值、当前最优解，（自我认知部分）</span>

<span class="token comment">#随机生成城市数据,城市序号为0,1，2,3...</span>
<span class="token comment"># CityCoordinates = [(random.randint(MinCoordinate,MaxCoordinate+1),random.randint(MinCoordinate,MaxCoordinate+1)) for i in range(CityNum)]</span>
<span class="token comment"># CityCoordinates = [(88, 16),(42, 76),(5, 76),(69, 13),(73, 56),(100, 100),(22, 92),(48, 74),(73, 46),(39, 1),(51, 75),(92, 2),(101, 44),(55, 26),(71, 27),(42, 81),(51, 91),(89, 54),(33, 18),(40, 78)]</span>
CityCoordinates <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">71</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">71</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">71</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">19</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">41</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">67</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">22</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">34</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">60</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">36</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">38</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">18</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">92</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">96</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">27</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">71</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">85</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">24</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">70</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">12</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">77</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">88</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">59</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">49</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">27</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">87</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">94</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">97</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">37</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">42</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">78</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">65</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">57</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">96</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">95</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">86</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">61</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">55</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">94</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">74</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">39</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">62</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">43</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">34</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">11</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">18</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">79</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">99</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">76</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">39</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">51</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">74</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">71</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">59</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">98</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">98</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">91</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">54</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">72</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">79</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">66</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">88</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">88</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">30</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">57</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">67</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">86</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">75</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment">#计算城市之间的距离</span>
dis_matrix <span class="token operator">=</span> pd<span class="token punctuation">.</span>DataFrame<span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>columns<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>CityCoordinates<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>index<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>CityCoordinates<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>CityCoordinates<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    xi<span class="token punctuation">,</span>yi <span class="token operator">=</span> CityCoordinates<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>CityCoordinates<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    <span class="token keyword">for</span> j <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>CityCoordinates<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        xj<span class="token punctuation">,</span>yj <span class="token operator">=</span> CityCoordinates<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>CityCoordinates<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
        dis_matrix<span class="token punctuation">.</span>iloc<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">,</span>j<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">round</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>math<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sqrt<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>xi<span class="token operator">-</span>xj<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">**</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>yi<span class="token operator">-</span>yj<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">**</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

iteration <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span>
<span class="token comment">#初始化,随机构造</span>
pops <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>random<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sample<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>i <span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token builtin">list</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>CityCoordinates<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>CityCoordinates<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> j <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>popsize<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment">#计算适应度</span>
fits <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">*</span>popsize
<span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>popsize<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    fits<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> calFitness<span class="token punctuation">(</span>pops<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>dis_matrix<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment">#保留当前最优</span>
best_fit <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">min</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
best_pop <span class="token operator">=</span> pops<span class="token punctuation">[</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">.</span>index<span class="token punctuation">(</span>best_fit<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
pBest<span class="token punctuation">,</span>pLine <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">min</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>pops<span class="token punctuation">[</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">.</span>index<span class="token punctuation">(</span>best_fit<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment">#禁忌</span>
tabu_list<span class="token punctuation">.</span>append<span class="token punctuation">(</span>best_pop<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
tabu_time<span class="token punctuation">.</span>append<span class="token punctuation">(</span>tabu_limit<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'初代最优值 %.1f'</span> <span class="token operator">%</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>best_fit<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
best_fit_list <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
best_fit_list<span class="token punctuation">.</span>append<span class="token punctuation">(</span>best_fit<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token keyword">while</span> iteration <span class="token operator">&lt;=</span> generation<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    pop1 <span class="token operator">=</span> tournament_select<span class="token punctuation">(</span>pops<span class="token punctuation">,</span>popsize<span class="token punctuation">,</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">,</span>tournament_size<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#锦标赛赛选择</span>
    child_pops <span class="token operator">=</span> crossover<span class="token punctuation">(</span>popsize<span class="token punctuation">,</span>pop1<span class="token punctuation">,</span>pc<span class="token punctuation">,</span>tabu_list<span class="token punctuation">,</span>pops<span class="token punctuation">,</span>c1<span class="token punctuation">,</span>c2<span class="token punctuation">,</span>pLine<span class="token punctuation">,</span>best_pop<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#交叉</span>
    child_pops <span class="token operator">=</span> mutate<span class="token punctuation">(</span>child_pops<span class="token punctuation">,</span>pm<span class="token punctuation">,</span>tabu_list<span class="token punctuation">,</span>pops<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#变异</span>
    
    child_fits <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">*</span>popsize
    <span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>popsize<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        child_fits<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> calFitness<span class="token punctuation">(</span>child_pops<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>dis_matrix<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        
    <span class="token comment"># #一对一生存者竞争</span>
    <span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>popsize<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> fits<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> child_fits<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
            fits<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> child_fits<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
            pops<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> child_pops<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    
    <span class="token comment">#更新禁忌表</span>
    tabu_time <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>x<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> x <span class="token keyword">in</span> tabu_time<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> tabu_time<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        tabu_list<span class="token punctuation">.</span>remove<span class="token punctuation">(</span>tabu_list<span class="token punctuation">[</span>tabu_time<span class="token punctuation">.</span>index<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        tabu_time<span class="token punctuation">.</span>remove<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

    <span class="token keyword">if</span> best_fit<span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token builtin">min</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        best_fit <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">min</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        best_pop <span class="token operator">=</span> pops<span class="token punctuation">[</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">.</span>index<span class="token punctuation">(</span>best_fit<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
        pBest<span class="token punctuation">,</span>pLine <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">min</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>pops<span class="token punctuation">[</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">.</span>index<span class="token punctuation">(</span>best_fit<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    <span class="token keyword">elif</span> pBest<span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token builtin">min</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        pBest<span class="token punctuation">,</span>pLine <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">min</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>pops<span class="token punctuation">[</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">.</span>index<span class="token punctuation">(</span>best_fit<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    <span class="token comment">#添加禁忌</span>
    tabu_list<span class="token punctuation">.</span>append<span class="token punctuation">(</span>best_pop<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    tabu_time<span class="token punctuation">.</span>append<span class="token punctuation">(</span>tabu_limit<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
          
    best_fit_list<span class="token punctuation">.</span>append<span class="token punctuation">(</span>best_fit<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'第%d代最优值 %.1f'</span> <span class="token operator">%</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>iteration<span class="token punctuation">,</span> best_fit<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    iteration <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token number">1</span>

<span class="token comment">#路径顺序</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>best_pop<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment"># #画图</span>
draw_path<span class="token punctuation">(</span>best_pop<span class="token punctuation">,</span>CityCoordinates<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">#迭代图</span>
iters <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">list</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>best_fit_list<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>plot<span class="token punctuation">(</span>iters<span class="token punctuation">,</span> best_fit_list<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'r-'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> color<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'#4169E1'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> alpha<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0.8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> linewidth<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0.8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>xlabel<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'迭代次数'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ylabel<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'最优解'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
plt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>show<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

最优解为[30, 16, 37, 13, 46, 36, 8, 28, 15, 18, 11, 42, 38, 3, 47, 32, 2, 4, 12, 5, 27, 25, 23, 7, 17, 14, 39, 19, 41, 6, 34, 26, 31, 43, 45, 29, 49, 40, 35, 9, 20, 0, 10, 48, 44, 22, 1, 33, 24, 21]，其适应度值为663.0，路径图和迭代图如下：
在这里插入图片描述

【讨论】在粒子群改进的基础上加入禁忌搜索算法思想，整体效果比遗传-粒子群算法和经典遗传算法效果稍微稳定一些，但稍微逊色于遗传-禁忌搜索算法。

3. 总结

本文分别尝试了使用禁忌搜索算法、粒子群算法对遗传算法进行改进，并尝试结合三种算法的思想构建遗传-禁忌搜索-粒子群算法，在以上三种改进中，遗传-禁忌搜索算法的求解效果是比较好的，当然这也与算法设计有很大的关系，不同的算子设计可能带来不同的效果，而粒子群算法改进遗传算法的效果适得其反，对比单纯用【粒子群算法求解TSP问题】的设计，在遗传算法上可能是选择操作使得进行交叉的种群多样性较少（粒子群和遗传算法都有交叉操作），进而降低了对解空间的搜索效率。

学习完TSP问题求解系列，最大的感受就是初始解的构造上对求解效率的影响非常大，良好的初始解可以减少大量冗余的遍历过程，且极易获得较优解。但是，也存在某些问题上可能很难设计出较好的初始解（比如多约束的VRP问题），这种情况下问题的求解对算法依赖比较大，需要选中更加合适的算法或者结合多种算法思想进行求解。

TSP系列目录

智能优化算法类别	启发式算法求解TSP问题系列博文
进化算法	遗传算法求解TSP问题
仿人智能优化算法	禁忌搜索算法求解TSP问题
仿自然优化算法	模拟退火算法求解TSP问题
群智能优化算法	蚁群算法求解TSP问题
群智能优化算法	粒子群算法求解TSP问题
总结篇	五种常见启发式算法求解TSP问题
改进篇	遗传-粒子群算法&遗传-禁忌搜索算法求解TSP问题