简单句

英语句子的特点

• 英语句子必须具备主谓结构
  • 祈使句是省略主语，而非没有主语;
  • 主语一定是谓语动作的发出者；
  • 宾语一定是谓语动作的对象或承受者。

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句子的基本结构

1. 主语＋谓语

   He died.

   We laugh(ed).

2. 主语＋谓语＋宾语

   • 此处谓语为实意动词，分为
     1. 及物动词
     2. 不及物动词

3. 主语＋系动词＋表语

   • 系动词
     • be动词：am、is、are
     • 感官动词：look、smell、taste (have a taste for something)、sound、feel
     • 变化：become、turn、get、grow、fall
     • 保持：keep、remain、stay、stand
     • 表象：seem、appear
     • 终止：prove

4. 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语

5. 主语+谓语＋宾语＋补语

   I bought him a dog. 主谓双宾

   You should keep the room clean and tidy. 主谓宾宾补

• 区别：在最后两个宾语之间加个 be动词 ，如果意思通顺，则为 主谓宾宾补 ，否则为 主谓双宾

  We made him our monitor. 主谓宾宾补

• 区分判断与词性无关

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句子的成分

主语

• 主语的成分：

  • 名词

  Handsomeness and strength are his nature.

  • 代词：替代 “ 名词 ”
  • 非谓语动词：不定式、分词、动名词

  Being handsome and strong is his nature.

  To study abroad is mygreatest desire.

  • 名词性从句：引导词 ＋ 句子

  He doesn’t study makes me angry. (X)

  That he doesn’t study makes me angry. (O)

• 缺少主语的情况下：

1. 加 " it " 做形式主语，当与天气、温度、时间有关时；

   It feels exceeding hot in the cabin.

2. 使用 " there be " 句型，听到 “ 有 ” 的时候用；

   • be 可替换为 seem、remain、exist

   There exist a host of undergraduates being fascinated with me.

3. 被动句型：当一句话没有主语或者用人称代词做主语的句子，都可以写成被动句型；

   Persistence must be pointed out outstandingly crucial.

   Overfishing is claimed more than fearful by an increasing amount of professors.

   • 以下三种情况没有被动

     • 动词后面有介词时，无被动

       Go to school. ”go“ 没有被动

     • 系动词没有被动

       He proves hard-working.

     • 不及物动词没有被动(主谓)

       The sun rose.

     • have 表达 “有” 的意思时，无被动

4. 人称代词(I、You、We)作主语（尽量不使用）；

   We go to school.

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谓语

• 谓语：有时态的实意动词或系动词充当谓语。
  • 含情态动词的谓语先排除

  You mother must beautiful. 缺少 be 动词

• 句子中的动词：
  1. 一句话中只能有一个动词；
  2. 动词只能是谓语，谓语只能是动词；
  3. 不作谓语的动词变为不是动词（非谓语动词）。

非谓语动词：

1. 不定式：“to do” 表目的或将来

   • 名词不定式

     To become a rich lady is my dream. => be动词之后的表语若为名词，一定为表意愿、目的、企图等名词，以表某意愿或尚未完成的事。

     It is my dream yo become a rich lady. => 名词不定式作主语时，常用"it"作形式主语。

     I want to see him. 名词不定式作及物动词的宾语。

   • 形容词不定式

     I have somehing to do.

   • 副词不定式

     I came to see her.

2. 分词：

   • V.+ ing 表主动或进行时

   • V.ed 表被动或完成时

     I enjoy seeing movies.

3. 动名词：

   Laughing at others is my hobby. 动名词作主语

   His hobby is collecting stamps. 动名词作表语

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• 例句：

  He putting on his jacket,locking the door,left home.

  Pandas are the rarest members in bear family,mainly living in the forest of Chinese southwest.

  YangZi river flowing through diverse ecological system,keeps the home of a sea of endangered species irrigating Chinese 1/5 land.

  I loveing you,you love me. 独立主格

  Winter approaching,spring will be around the corner.

  Being a teacher,I have passion for singing songs.

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• 一句话中动词绝对不能少。
  当一句话需要动词而又没有动词时，永远都加 " be动词 " ，且 " be动词 " 无意思。

  Your mother must be very beautiful.

  I am against you.

• 总结：一句话中有且只能有一个有时态的实意动词或系动词的存在并且充当谓语。

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宾语 和 表语

宾语

• 主语和宾语可以通过被动句型或换位置，故成分一样
  • 宾语成分：

    • 名词

    • 代词

    • 非谓语动词

      I want to see him.

      I remember seeing him.

    • 从句

• 句子可以没有宾语

表语

• 表语成分：

  • 名词

  • 代词

    I am a teacher.

  • 介词短语

    I am in Tingtao.

  • 形容词

  I am beautiful.

  • 非谓语动词

    My dream is to become a poet. (不定式在be动词后作表语，通常表示一种意愿、目的、计划或未完成的事)

    His hobby is collecting stamps.(动名词在be动词后作表语，通常表示一种经历或已知的事)

  • 从句

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写作

• 所有写不来的长难句，都先写成简单句，一定要保证语法正确

  There is a lady on the stage.She looks very beautiful.

  The evidence that an increasing number of undergraduates commit suicide indicates that the problem should be cared about.

  More and more undergraduates commit suicide.We should pay a sttention to the problem.

• 不会的单词替换成自己会的单词

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长难句分析

• 分析长难句的第一步就是找这句话的动词，也就是谓语，从而找到那句话的主谓宾。
• 当一句话有多个动词，就确定主句的谓语动词前面没有引导词的那个动词）。