状语从句

副词

• 形容词和副词能充当的成分

  1. 形容词

     • 放在系动词后作表语
     • 放在名词前作定语

  2. 副词

     • 无论放哪都是状语

     He cried sadly. 修饰实意动词】

     He looks especially sad. 修饰形容词

     He cried rather sadly. 修饰副词

     Actually,he cries. 修饰句子 => 修饰全句的副词一定是置于句首

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状语

• 状语就是一个句子中，用来修饰实意动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分。（状语可以修饰除名词外所有成分）

  1. 副词

     She smiles sweetly.

  2. 副词短语

     I tried again and again.

  3. 介词短语

     He runs fast like a crazy dog.

  4. 非谓语动词

     He leaves,crying.

  5. 从句

     I will return the book as soon as I have read it.

• 状语的位置

  • 任意位置。

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状语从句

构成

1. 引导词 + 状语从句 + “ ，” + 主句（状语从句放句首时，必须加逗号）
2. 主句 + 引导词 + 状语从句（状语从句放在主句后，可加逗号也可不加）

分类

• 状语从句的引导词是按照引导词本身的意思分的类，一共分为九类

时间状语从句

1. 引导词

   • when = while = as

     • 当 " while " 翻译为 “ 当…的时候 ”，视为副词连词，引导状语从句；后面要跟进行时态

     While I was writting a letter,she was doing the dishies.

   • before

   • after

   • since

     I have fallen in love with you,since I meet you.

   • the moment = as soon as

   • by the time

   • until

   • not…until

2. 时态

   When love comes,I will hold her hands

   • “主将从现” ：在所有的状语从句中，如果主句的动作和从句的动作都尚未发生的话，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。

   When love came,I failed to hold her hands.

3. 区别 “until” 和 "not…until"

   I will wait here until you come.

   I will not leave until you come.

   • 看主句的谓语动词是延续性动词还是瞬间动词，如果是延续性动词就用"until"，如果是个瞬间动词就用"not…until"。

4. "When" 引导的时间状语从句省略的情况

   • "When" 引导的时间状语从句，如果主句和从句的主语一致，并且从句谓语中有 “be动词”，此时，从句的主语和be动词可以同时省略。

     When I was a kid,I enjoy singing songs.

地点状语从句

• 做地点状语的通常都是介词短语，很少是从句

• 引导词：where = in the place where = in the place which

  The kind of trees grow well in moist places.

  The kind of trees grow well where it is moist.

  The kind of trees grow well in the place where it is moist.

原因状语从句

1. 引导词：because、as、since、in that、seeing that、considering that、now that

   • in that 引导状语从句多位于主句之后，而because引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后。

   He is great in that he speaks five different languages.

   • since 表 “ 自从 ” 时，所引导的状语从句采一般过去时，主句则为现在完成时或现在完成进行时。

   Since you have finished the work,you may leave anytime.

   He has been studying quit hard (ever)since he went to college.

2. 连词：for

3. 介词短语：because of、due to、owing to、thanks to、for the sake of、as a reult of

   介词短语 +n./doing

• 例句

  He had a car accident for he was careless.

  He had a car accident because of his careless.

  • 注意避免双重连接

    • because … so …(X)
    • though … but …(X)

    Because she is nice,so I like her very much.(X)

    Because she is nice,I like her very much.(O)

    She is very nice,so I like her very much.(O)

  • 状语从句可视为副词修饰句子

    He had a car accident because he was careless. => Because he was careless,he had a car.

  • 副词连词冠于任何一个从句前面，该从句就成为状语从句。

• 任何一个副词连词所引导的从句若置于主句之后，两句之间通常不加逗号。但该状语从句若置于主句之前，则两句之间之间通常加逗号。

目的状语从句

1. 动词不定式：to、in order to、so as to

   动词不定式+ v.

2. 引导词：so that、in order that

   “so that” 表示目的，通常放在句末，不放在句首

• 例句

  We will ascend higher in order to overlook farther/further(抽象的远).

  In order that we overlook farther We will ascend higher.

结果状语从句

1. 引导词：so … that、such … that

   • “so” + adj./adv. + that 替换 “very” +adj./adv.
   • “such” + n.

   It feels so hot today that I wear my dress.

   My mother proves so kind that she is respected by all her staff.

让步状语从句

1. although、though、even though、even if 译为 “ 虽然 … 尽管 ”，位置任意

2. as 引导的让步状语从句，从句的表语可以放在句首构成部分倒装

   Ugly as I seem, I keep gentle.

   Simple as the chart looks,the outlook behind proves far reaching-national products become increasingly popular with chinese customers.

3. " while " 译为 “虽然 … 尽管”，位置只能放在句首不能放在句中

• 例句

  Raising pet can cultivate the loving heart of kinds although they might be injurious to their familier or neighbors.

方式状语从句

1. 引导词：as the、way、as if/though 译为“好像、似乎”

2. 介词：by、through、by means of、in…way/manner

   She looks as if she were made of ice.

条件状语从句

1. 引导词：suppose that、supposing that、if、unless、provided that、as long as、so lang as

   If there seems a ghost of hope,I will never give up.

比较状语从句

You are as beautiful as I am beautiful.

• 引导词：" as … as … " 和比较结构 " than "
  • " as " 部分

    • as + n.

      “as” 可译为 “ 作为 ”

    • v. + n. + as

      “as” 的意思取决于前面 " v. " 的意思

    • as + 句子

      “as” 可译为“当…的时候”、“因为”、“虽然…尽管”、“好像”，“似乎”、“和…一样”

  • " than " 部分

    • not so much as = not even 译为 “ 甚至不/没有 ”

      He can’t so much as spell a word.

      He did not so much as ask me to sit down.

    • not so much A as B 译为 “ 与其说 A 倒不如说B ”

      He is not so much a teacher as a poet.

    • more A than B 译为 “ 与其说 B 不如说 A ”

      He is more a poet than a teacher.

    • more than …

      • more than + n. “ 不仅仅是 ”
      • more than + adj. / adv. “ 非常 ”
      • more than + 数词 “ 超过 ”

例句

Teacher’s Day approaching,I express my sincere appreciation to teachers who have given me assistance by the chance.

The truth has been accepted by the mass that life becomes so short that every day should be valued.

Students who fail to concebtrate in class but wish to pass examinations perceive that the consequence proves less impressive.

I,in order to realize my dream,am considering whether I should depart with my boyfriend.

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考点分析

写作

• 作文中任何一句话都可以加一个状语把句子拉长。

  I love you for my whole life.

  One can live as if he were a pig conversely,he can never be as delighted as a pig.

长难句分析

• 能够快速识别一句话中的状语成分，并通顺的翻译出来。

• 只要在句子中见到以下的成分就一定是状语

  • 副词
  • 比较状语
  • 条件状语
  • 结果
  • 原因
  • 让步
  • 目的
  • 方式
  • 伴随：with

• 见到 “ n. + 时间或地点 ” 需要区别定语还是状语

  I love a boy in Tinghua university.

  • 如果无法确定是状语还是定语时，优先判断为定语。只有在翻译为定语时语句不通顺的情况下判定为状语。