目录
1.什么是定语
只要听到"....的+n","...的"就是修饰这个n的定语
2.定语的成分
定语的成分:
- 形容词 (the innocent nightingale died)
- 名词 (the singing of nightingale can make the rose bloom)n+of+n结构
- 介词短语 (the nightingale out of the window heard the sights of the youngster)
- 非谓语动词 (the singing nightingale lost his life)
- 从句 (the rose that/which the nightingale exchange with his life was discarded) 介词短语不能作宾语,所以从句缺成分
- 形容词性物主代词:my、your、his(代词替代名词出现,用of)
3.定语的位置
前小后大:当一个单词修饰名词,通常放在名词前。多个单词修饰名词,通常放在名词后
1.this is a fiction about a nightingale and a rose(介词短语)
2.the youngster grasping romance(非谓语动词) left the party of prince(名词)
3.the boy rejected(非谓语动词) looks pitiful
当过去分词(+ed)修饰名词,就算一个单词,经常放在名词后
4.i have something important (形容词)to tell you
当形容词修饰不定代词的时候(something、anything),就算一个单词,经常放在名词后
4.定语从句的构成
n(先行词)+引导词+句子
4.1定语从句的引导词
按照先行词(n.)的种类,分成5类。
总共8个引导词(who、whom、whose、that、which、when、where、why)
- 人:who、whom、whose、that(正式文体中,that一般都指物)
- 物:that、which、whose
- 时间:that、which、when(副词)
- 地点:that、which、where(副词)
- 原因:that、which、why(副词)
4.2谁决定引导词的用法:
- 看先行词
- 引导词在从句中充当的成分
1.i will never forget the day __ i meet you
分析:先行词the day是时间,只能填(that、which、when),其中that是代词,代词替代名词出现,名词可以作主谓宾,但是这里不缺,所以不能填that。when是副词,不做主谓宾,所以填when
2.i will never forget the day __ we spent
分析:先行词the day是时间,只能填(that、which、when),其中when是副词,不做主谓宾,而这里spent后面缺宾语,所以不填when。that是代词,代词替代名词出现,名词可以作主谓宾,所以填that。
3.you had better have some reason why you are late
4.you had better have some reason that/which sounds perfect
4.3引导词分类新标准
定语从句的引导词按引导词本身的词性分类:分成3类
- 代词(在从句中一定充当主语或者宾语的成分):who(人)、whom(人,宾语)、that(物)、which(物)
- 副词(从句中不充当任何主干成分):where、when、why
- 形容词(从句中修饰最近的名词n):whose(人、物)--->人/物且不缺成分
4.4练习
1.buildings whose roofs are round look beautiful
不缺成分,且先行词是物,用whose
2.it has been validated by numerous facts that glories belong to those with dream
不特指的一个人用one,一群人用those
3.wearing my own shoes not only proves convenient but also ensures a point that the feeling of others can be ignored
4.he whose appearance looks indecent proves noble in his mind
5.it seems indispensable that those who spare no efforts to realize their dreams never feel pitiful although glories fail to be achieved