东北大学软件项目管理与过程改进题目整理(Chapter 2)

Information Technology Project Management

Chapter 2

1. In what type of organizational structure do project managers have the most authority?

*	a.	Project
	b.	Circular
	c.	Matrix
	d.	Functional

2. Which characteristic of organizational culture refers to the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment?

	a.	Risk tolerance
*	b.	Open-systems focus
	c.	Conflict tolerance
	d.	Means-ends orientation

3. In a _____organizational structure, program managers, rather than functional managers or vice presidents, report to the CEO. Their staffs have a variety of skills needed to complete all required tasks within their programs.

	a.	functional
	b.	symbolic
	c.	matrix
*	d.	project

4. Which characteristic is true of virtual teams?

	a.	Negative incentives do not impact virtual team members.
	b.	It is easier for a virtual team to build relationships and trust.
*	c.	It is important to select team members carefully.
	d.	As they never meet, virtual teams do not have conflicts.

5. In which product life cycle the scope, schedule, and cost are determined early, and changes to scope are carefully managed?

	a.	Adaptive
	b.	Incremental
*	c.	Predictive
	d.	Iterative

6. Which of the following is true of a matrix organizational structure?

	a.	In a matrix organizational structure, employees are organized into departments according to their skills, and there is little interaction between employees from different departments.
	b.	A matrix organizational structure is hierarchical, but instead of functional managers reporting to the CEO, program managers report to the CEO.
	c.	Project managers in matrix organizations have staff from only a single functional area working on their projects.
*	d.	In a strong matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority.

7. The symbolic perspective of an organization:

   	a.	focuses on different groups’ roles and responsibilities to meet the goals and policies set by top management.
   	b.	views the organization as coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups.
   *	c.	focuses on the meanings of the culture, language, traditions, and image of the organization.
   	d.	focuses on providing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of people.

8. In which systems development life cycle do model developers use a model to generate functional requirements and physical design specifications simultaneously?

   	a.	Waterfall life cycle
   	b.	Spiral life cycle
   *	c.	Prototyping life cycle
   	d.	RAD life cycle

9. Grey’s Infotech sells customized hardware and software solutions for businesses. The salespeople for Grey’s have a strict dress code when meeting clients. They are required to wear dark business suits, in order to convey the company’s dedication to quality. The meaning conveyed to the clients’ through the salespeople’s clothing is part of the _____ frame of the organization.

   	a.	structural
   	b.	political
   	c.	human resources
   *	d.	symbolic

10. Which observation is true of the agile approach to software development?

    *	a.	In the agile method, requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration.
    	b.	Agile is a predictive model of software development.
    	c.	In the agile approach, requirements must be clearly expressed early in the life cycle.
    	d.	An agile approach sets scope goals, but leaves time and cost goals flexible.

11. Which of the following is true of the project life cycle?

    	a.	More resources are usually needed during the initial phases of a project than during the middle or final phases.
    *	b.	In the early phases of a project life cycle, resource needs are usually lowest.
    	c.	It is much more expensive to make major changes to a project during the earlier phases than the latter phases.
    	d.	In the later phases of the project life cycle, the level of uncertainty is usually the highest.

12. In a _____ organizational structure, personnel often report to both a functional manager and one or more project managers.

*	a.	matrix
	b.	symbolic
	c.	project
	d.	functional

13. In organizational culture, what does control refer to?

	a.	The degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking
*	b.	The degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee employee behavior
	c.	The degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment
	d.	The degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results

14. The _____ frame of an organization focuses on providing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of people.

*	a.	human resources
	b.	political
	c.	symbolic
	d.	structural

15. Which term refers to a product or service, such as a technical report, a training session, a piece of hardware, or a segment of software code, produced or provided as part of a project?

	a.	Input
	b.	System
*	c.	Deliverable
	d.	Resource

16. In organizational culture, what does people focus refer to?

	a.	The degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment
	b.	The degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking
*	c.	The degree to which management’s decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on employees within the organization
	d.	The degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee and control employee behavior

17. In which development life cycle do stakeholders define and approve the detailed scope before the start on an iteration?

	a.	Hybrid
	b.	Incremental
*	c.	Adaptive
	d.	Iterative

18. Which statement best describes outsourcing?

	a.	An organization selling its products in a market outside its domestic market
*	b.	An organization’s acquisition of goods and services from an outside source
	c.	An organization setting up manufacturing and retailing facilities in a new country
	d.	An organization’s use of virtual teams with employees located in different countries

19. Which perspective of an organization focuses on different groups’ roles and responsibilities in order to meet the goals and policies set by top management?

	a.	Human resources frame
	b.	Political frame
*	c.	Structural frame
	d.	Symbolic frame

20. In what type of organizational structure do project managers have the least amount of authority?

	a.	Project
	b.	Circular
	c.	Matrix
*	d.	Functional

21. In organizational culture, what does means-end orientation refer to?

	a.	The degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee and control employee behavior
*	b.	The degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results
	c.	The degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment
	d.	The degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking

22. Select an example of external stakeholders for an organization.

	a.	Top managers
	b.	Functional managers
	c.	Employees
*	d.	Competitors

23. Which characteristic of organizational culture describes the degree to which management’s decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on people within the organization?

	a.	Member identity
*	b.	People focus
	c.	Group emphasis
	d.	Unit integration

24. Which approach to product development is currently used by many organizations so a predictive set of steps is used as an overall means to coordinate more detailed steps that are adaptively managed?

	a.	Incremental
	b.	Adaptive
*	c.	Hybrid
	d.	Predictive

25. Which of the following best describes a kill point in the project life cycle?

	a.	The final submission of the project deliverables after which the project is terminated
	b.	The period of time given to managers during the feasibility phases to decide on the cost, quality, and time constraints for the project
*	c.	A review of the status of a project at each phase of development to determine if it should be continued, redirected, or terminated
	d.	The point of time in the project lifecycle after which it is impossible to terminate a running project

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Source：NEU blackboard