c# 属性

• 用来读取写入或者计算私有字段
• 不能将属性作为 ref 或 out 参数传递
• init与set访问器类似，只是关键字不同，init适用于构造函数，或者对象初始值

• //具有支持字段的属性，借助私有字段
  public class Time
  {
      private double seconds;
  
  //具有支持字段的属性，借助私有字段
      public double Hours
      {
          get 
          {
             return seconds/3600;
          }
          set 
          {
             seconds = value*3600;//value为关键字
          }
      }
  
  //表达式主体定义
      public double Minutes()=>seconds/60;
  
  //getset都有的表达式主体定义
      public double Day
      {
          get=>seconds/3600/24;
          set=>seconds=value*3600*24;
      }
  
  //自动实现属性
      public int Id {get;set;}
  
  //必需属性 required关键字，强制初始化
      public required string Name{ get; set; }
  
  //属性可以用访问修饰符修饰，也可static，virtual，abstract，sealed
  }
  
  

• hidden属性：访问派生类中同名属性 

public class Employee
{
    private string name;
    public string Name
    {
        get => name;
        set => name = value;
    }
}

public class Manager : Employee
{
    private string name;

    public new string Name//使用new关键字
    {
        get => name;
        set => name = value + "abcd";
    }
}

//访问
 Manager m1 = new Manager();
 m1.Name = "John";//Manager类中 
 ((Employee)m1).Name = "Mary";//Employ类

• override属性，访问器修饰符必须与重写的访问器一致

abstract class Shape
{
    public abstract double Area
    {
        get;
        set;
    }
}

class Square : Shape
{
    public double side;

    public Square(double s) => side = s;

    public override double Area//override关键字
    {
        get => side * side;
        set => side = System.Math.Sqrt(value);
    }
}

•  接口属性，不能对接口使用访问器修饰符

interface IEmployee
{
    string Name
    {
        get;
        set;
    }

    int Counter
    {
        get;
    }
}

public class Employee : IEmployee
{
    public static int numberOfEmployees;

    private string name;
    public string Name  
    {
        get => name;
        set => name = value;
    }

    private int counter;
    public int Counter  
    {
        get => counter;
    }

    public Employee() => counter = ++numberOfEmployees;
}

• 自动实现的属性

  //C#6后可以直接初始化
  public string FirstName { get; set; } = "Jane";