cv::equalizeHist()

直方图均衡化

函数实现的灰度直方图均衡化算法，即将直方图的每个灰度值进行归一化处理，求各个灰度的累积分布，接着得到一个映射的灰度映射表，然后根据相应的灰度值来修正原图中的每个像素。

函数原型

void equalizeHist(InputArray	 	src,
				  OutputArray		dst
				  )

实例

	Mat img = imread("F:\\desktop\\OpenCV_study\\my.jpg", IMREAD_GRAYSCALE);
	Mat dst;
	equalizeHist(img, dst);
	imshow("img", img);
	imshow("dst", dst);

// 使用C++绘制灰度直方图
// 分通道显示
	vector<Mat> bgr_planes;
	split(src, bgr_planes);
	//imshow("single channel demo", bgr_planes[0]);

	// 计算直方图
	int histSize = 256;
	float range[] = { 0, 256 };
	const float *histRanges = { range };
	Mat b_hist, g_hist, r_hist;
	calcHist(&bgr_planes[0], 1, 0, Mat(), b_hist, 1, &histSize, &histRanges, true, false);
	calcHist(&bgr_planes[1], 1, 0, Mat(), g_hist, 1, &histSize, &histRanges, true, false);
	calcHist(&bgr_planes[2], 1, 0, Mat(), r_hist, 1, &histSize, &histRanges, true, false);

	// 归一化
	int hist_h = 400;
	int hist_w = 512;
	int bin_w = hist_w / histSize;
	Mat histImage(hist_w, hist_h, CV_8UC3, Scalar(0, 0, 0));
	normalize(b_hist, b_hist, 0, hist_h, NORM_MINMAX, -1, Mat());
	normalize(g_hist, g_hist, 0, hist_h, NORM_MINMAX, -1, Mat());
	normalize(r_hist, r_hist, 0, hist_h, NORM_MINMAX, -1, Mat());

	// 绘制表格
	for (int i = 1; i < histSize; i++) {
	// hist_h - cvRound(b_hist.at<float>(i - 1)) 的目的是让直方图看起来y轴方向朝上
		line(histImage, Point((i - 1)*bin_w, hist_h - cvRound(b_hist.at<float>(i - 1))), 
			Point((i)*bin_w, hist_h - cvRound(b_hist.at<float>(i))), Scalar(255, 0, 0), 2, LINE_AA);

		line(histImage, Point((i - 1)*bin_w, hist_h - cvRound(g_hist.at<float>(i - 1))),
			Point((i)*bin_w, hist_h - cvRound(g_hist.at<float>(i))), Scalar(0, 255, 0), 2, LINE_AA);

		line(histImage, Point((i - 1)*bin_w, hist_h - cvRound(r_hist.at<float>(i - 1))),
			Point((i)*bin_w, hist_h - cvRound(r_hist.at<float>(i))), Scalar(0, 0, 255), 2, LINE_AA);
	/************************************画矩形***************************************************/
	/**
		两种方式画出的矩形相同，只有细微的差别
		rectangle(histImage, Rect((i - 1)*bin_w, hist_h - cvRound(b_hist.at<float>(i - 1)),
			(i)*bin_w, hist_h), Scalar(255, 0, 0), 2, LINE_AA);

		rectangle(histImage1, Rect((i - 1)*bin_w, hist_h - cvRound(b_hist.at<float>(i - 1)),
			(i)*bin_w, hist_h - cvRound(b_hist.at<float>(i))), Scalar(255, 0, 0), 2, LINE_AA);
	**/
	}
	imshow(OUTPUT_T, histImage);

# 对于python来说可以使用matplotlib.pyplot.hist()计算
    def plyHist_demo(self):
        '''
        nt,bins,patchesplt=matplotlib.pyplot.hist(x,bins=None,density=None,bottom=None,
         		histtype='bar',align='mid',log=False,color=None,label=None,stacked=False,normed=Node)
        bins         : 统计的区间分布
        range        : tuple,显示区间
        density      : 显示/不显示频率统计结果，频率统计结果=区间数目/(总数*区间宽度)
        histtype     : ['bar','barstacked','step','stepfilled]
        align        : ['left','middle','right'] , 控制柱状图水平分布，默认'middle'
        log          : Y坐标轴是否选择指数刻度
        stacked      ：是否为堆积状图
        nt           : 返回每个bins元素的数量
        bins         : 返回每个bin区间的范围
        patched      : 返回每个bin里面包含的数据，list
        '''
        rows, cols, channels = self._img.shape
        img = cv.cvtColor(self._img, cv.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
        cv.imshow("_img", self._img)
        cv.imshow("img", img)
        pixelSequence = img.reshape([img.shape[0]*img.shape[1], ])
        numBins = 256
        histData, bins, patched = plt.hist(
            pixelSequence, numBins, facecolor='red')
        # 设置标签
        plt.xlabel("gray level")
        plt.ylabel("number of pixels")
        # 设置范围
        yMaxVal = np.max(histData)
        plt.axis([0, 255, 0, yMaxVal])
        plt.show()
        return