【C++】chrono库计时

chrono时间库是c++ 11中的新特性，提供计时，时钟等功能。
在平时学习测试的时候会记录程序运行时间，比较两个或多个算法的优劣，通常会用chrono。
参考网站：
cppreference.com
cplusplus.com

1.duration

#include<iostream>
#include<chrono>
using namespace std;
using namespace chrono;

void test()
{
	int a = 0;
	int i = 0;
	while(i<100000000)
	{
		a++;
		i++;
	}
}

int main()
{
	auto t1 = steady_clock::now();
    test();
    auto t2 = steady_clock::now();
    
    auto time_span = duration_cast<duration<double>>(t2 - t1);
    auto ms = duration_cast<milliseconds>(t2  - t1); // or, change 't2 - t1' to 'time_span'
    
    cout << "Test steady_clock: " << endl;
    cout << "This function took " << time_span.count() << " seconds." << endl;
    cout << "This function took " << ms.count() << " milliseconds." << endl;

	return 0;
}

Test steady_clock: 
This function took 0.0361612 seconds.
This function took 36 milliseconds.

其中关于duration模板类：
template <class Rep, class Period = ratio<1> >class duration;
第一个参数是类型，决定后面的用count()打印输出；第二个参数是以秒为单位的比率（ratio），理解为1s的多少分之一，默认不写是秒。
封装好的常用类：

member type	Period
hours	ratio<3600,1>
minutes	ratio<60,1>
seconds	ratio<1,1>
milliseconds	ratio<1,1000>
microseconds	ratio<1,1000000>
nanoseconds	ratio<1,1000000000>

duration.count()采用的不是四舍五入，是截断。

#include<iostream>
#include<chrono>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
  chrono::seconds s (1);             // 1 second
  chrono::milliseconds ms = chrono::duration_cast<chrono::milliseconds> (s);

  ms += chrono::milliseconds(2999);  // 2999 millisecond
  s = chrono::duration_cast<chrono::seconds> (ms);   // truncated

  cout << "ms: " << ms.count() << endl;
  cout << "s: " << s.count() << endl;

  return 0;
}

ms: 3999
s: 3