Micropython——使用I2C通信的OLED显示屏

I2C通信

I2C通信是一种单片机常用的通信协议，它具有一根总线设计，具有一个主机，可以挂载多个设备在总线上作为从机，主机通过选定不同的发送地址来发送内容给不同的从机。

OLED屏

采用具有4针脚的，支持I2C通信的OLED屏，大小为0.96寸的单色小屏，像素数为128x64。

接线

使用X9、X10引脚

PYB	OLED
VCC	3.3V
GND	GND
X9	SCL
X10	SDA

SSD1306库

ssd1306.py

# MicroPython SSD1306 OLED driver, I2C and SPI interfaces

import time
import framebuf

# register definitions
SET_CONTRAST        = const(0x81)
SET_ENTIRE_ON       = const(0xa4)
SET_NORM_INV        = const(0xa6)
SET_DISP            = const(0xae)
SET_MEM_ADDR        = const(0x20)
SET_COL_ADDR        = const(0x21)
SET_PAGE_ADDR       = const(0x22)
SET_DISP_START_LINE = const(0x40)
SET_SEG_REMAP       = const(0xa0)
SET_MUX_RATIO       = const(0xa8)
SET_COM_OUT_DIR     = const(0xc0)
SET_DISP_OFFSET     = const(0xd3)
SET_COM_PIN_CFG     = const(0xda)
SET_DISP_CLK_DIV    = const(0xd5)
SET_PRECHARGE       = const(0xd9)
SET_VCOM_DESEL      = const(0xdb)
SET_CHARGE_PUMP     = const(0x8d)


class SSD1306:
    def __init__(self, width, height, external_vcc):
        self.width = width
        self.height = height
        self.external_vcc = external_vcc
        self.pages = self.height // 8
        # Note the subclass must initialize self.framebuf to a framebuffer.
        # This is necessary because the underlying data buffer is different
        # between I2C and SPI implementations (I2C needs an extra byte).
        self.poweron()
        self.init_display()

    def init_display(self):
        for cmd in (
            SET_DISP | 0x00, # off
            # address setting
            SET_MEM_ADDR, 0x00, # horizontal
            # resolution and layout
            SET_DISP_START_LINE | 0x00,
            SET_SEG_REMAP | 0x01, # column addr 127 mapped to SEG0
            SET_MUX_RATIO, self.height - 1,
            SET_COM_OUT_DIR | 0x08, # scan from COM[N] to COM0
            SET_DISP_OFFSET, 0x00,
            SET_COM_PIN_CFG, 0x02 if self.height == 32 else 0x12,
            # timing and driving scheme
            SET_DISP_CLK_DIV, 0x80,
            SET_PRECHARGE, 0x22 if self.external_vcc else 0xf1,
            SET_VCOM_DESEL, 0x30, # 0.83*Vcc
            # display
            SET_CONTRAST, 0xff, # maximum
            SET_ENTIRE_ON, # output follows RAM contents
            SET_NORM_INV, # not inverted
            # charge pump
            SET_CHARGE_PUMP, 0x10 if self.external_vcc else 0x14,
            SET_DISP | 0x01): # on
            self.write_cmd(cmd)
        self.fill(0)
        self.show()

    def poweroff(self):
        self.write_cmd(SET_DISP | 0x00)

    def contrast(self, contrast):
        self.write_cmd(SET_CONTRAST)
        self.write_cmd(contrast)
        
    #翻转颜色
    def invert(self, invert):
        self.write_cmd(SET_NORM_INV | (invert & 1))

    def show(self):
        x0 = 0
        x1 = self.width - 1
        if self.width == 64:
            # displays with width of 64 pixels are shifted by 32
            x0 += 32
            x1 += 32
        self.write_cmd(SET_COL_ADDR)
        self.write_cmd(x0)
        self.write_cmd(x1)
        self.write_cmd(SET_PAGE_ADDR)
        self.write_cmd(0)
        self.write_cmd(self.pages - 1)
        self.write_framebuf()
    #填充画面 0为空 1为亮
    def fill(self, col):
        self.framebuf.fill(col)
    #填充一个像素在X,YE    
    def pixel(self, x, y, col):
        self.framebuf.pixel(x, y, col)
    #滚动
    def scroll(self, dx, dy):
        self.framebuf.scroll(dx, dy)
    #文本
    def text(self, string, x, y, col=1):
        self.framebuf.text(string, x, y, col)
    def hline(self, x, y, w, col=1):
        self.framebuf.hline(x, y, w, col)

class SSD1306_I2C(SSD1306):
    def __init__(self, width, height, i2c, addr=60, external_vcc=False):
        self.i2c = i2c
        self.addr = addr
        self.temp = bytearray(2)
        # Add an extra byte to the data buffer to hold an I2C data/command byte
        # to use hardware-compatible I2C transactions.  A memoryview of the
        # buffer is used to mask this byte from the framebuffer operations
        # (without a major memory hit as memoryview doesn't copy to a separate
        # buffer).
        self.buffer = bytearray(((height // 8) * width) + 1)
        self.buffer[0] = 0x40  # Set first byte of data buffer to Co=0, D/C=1
        self.framebuf = framebuf.FrameBuffer1(memoryview(self.buffer)[1:], width, height)
        super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc)

    def write_cmd(self, cmd):
        self.temp[0] = 0x80 # Co=1, D/C#=0
        self.temp[1] = cmd
        self.i2c.writeto(self.addr, self.temp)

    def write_framebuf(self):
        # Blast out the frame buffer using a single I2C transaction to support
        # hardware I2C interfaces.
        self.i2c.writeto(self.addr, self.buffer)

    def poweron(self):
        pass


class SSD1306_SPI(SSD1306):
    def __init__(self, width, height, spi, dc, res, cs, external_vcc=False):
        self.rate = 10 * 1024 * 1024
        dc.init(dc.OUT, value=0)
        res.init(res.OUT, value=0)
        cs.init(cs.OUT, value=1)
        self.spi = spi
        self.dc = dc
        self.res = res
        self.cs = cs
        self.buffer = bytearray((height // 8) * width)
        self.framebuf = framebuf.FrameBuffer1(self.buffer, width, height)
        super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc)

    def write_cmd(self, cmd):
        self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0)
        self.cs.high()
        self.dc.low()
        self.cs.low()
        self.spi.write(bytearray([cmd]))
        self.cs.high()

    def write_framebuf(self):
        self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0)
        self.cs.high()
        self.dc.high()
        self.cs.low()
        self.spi.write(self.buffer)
        self.cs.high()

    def poweron(self):
        self.res.high()
        time.sleep_ms(1)
        self.res.low()
        time.sleep_ms(10)
        self.res.high()

I2C使用方法

I2C类 – 二线串行协议

查找OLEDI2C地址

在使用前，需要在putty中查找OLED的地址，并在ssd1306.py的SSD1306_I2C类中对addr进行特定的修改才能正常使用。

from pyb import I2C

i2c = I2C(2)                         # create on bus 2
i2c.init(I2C.MASTER, baudrate=20000)
i2c.scan()

返回的列表中的地址即为OLED的地址，将ssd1306.py的SSD1306_I2C类中对addr更改为你返回的地址即可，我这里是60。

主函数代码

from machine import I2C,Pin
from ssd1306 import SSD1306_I2C

if __name__ == "__main__":
    i2c = I2C(scl = Pin("X9"),sda = Pin("X10"),freq = 10000) #软件I2C
    oled = SSD1306_I2C(128, 64, i2c) #创建oled对象

    oled.text("Hello World!",0,0)
    oled.text("i love u!",20,40)
    oled.show()

显示动态数值

from machine import I2C,Pin
from ssd1306 import SSD1306_I2C

def mainTimer_cb(cb):
    '''
    #函数功能：用于总体程序的逻辑定时功能
    '''
    global count
    LED(3).toggle()
    count += 1
    print(count)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    count = 0
    mainTimer = Timer(1, freq=2, callback=mainTimer_cb) # 主程序逻辑控制定时器

	i2c = I2C(scl = Pin("X9"),sda = Pin("X10"),freq = 10000) #软件I2C
    oled = SSD1306_I2C(128, 64, i2c) #创建oled对象

    oled.text("Hello World!",0,0)
    oled.text("i love u!",20,40)
    oled.show()
	while True:
        if (count%8) == 0: #
            LED(2).toggle() 
        elif (count%20) == 0:
            count = 0
        if (count%5) == 0:
            text  = str(count)
        oled.fill(0)
        text = str(count)
        oled.text(text,50,0)
        oled.show()

需要注意的是： OLED的所有子函数均不能在定时器中刷新，否则会报错Memory Error！

效果展示