ESP32（MicroPython） OLED多功能显示（BMP280、SR04、DS18B20、RTC）

ESP32（MicroPython） 多功能显示 第二期

本程序实现了对BMP280气压温度传感器、SR04超声波传感器、DS18B20温度传感器、RTC实时时钟的读数和显示。

代码如下

'''
接线：BMP280气压传感器模块
         SCL-->25
         SDA-->26
      OLED(IIC)
         SCL-->(18)
         SDA-->(23)
      DS18B20-->(27)
      SR04
         trigger-->(12)
         echo_pin-->(14)         
'''

from machine import Pin,SoftI2C,Timer
from time import sleep
import bmp280
from ssd1306 import SSD1306_I2C
import onewire
import ds18x20
from machine import RTC
from hcsr04 import HCSR04

#初始化OLED
i2c = SoftI2C(sda=Pin(23), scl=Pin(18))
oled = SSD1306_I2C(128, 64, i2c, addr=0x3c)
#定义DS18B20控制对象
ds18b20=ds18x20.DS18X20(onewire.OneWire(Pin(27)))
roms = ds18b20.scan()  #扫描是否存在DS18B20设备
#初始化BMP280，定义第二个I2C接口i2c2用于连接BMP280
i2c2 = SoftI2C(sda=Pin(26), scl=Pin(25))
BMP = bmp280.BMP280(i2c2)
#定义RTC控制对象
rtc=RTC()
#定义HCSR04控制对象
hcsr04=HCSR04(trigger_pin=12, echo_pin=14)

#定义星期
week=("Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat","Sun")

#中断回调函数
def fun(tim):

    oled.fill(0)  # 清屏,背景黑色
    ds18b20.convert_temp()
    date_time=rtc.datetime()
    distance=hcsr04.distance_cm()
    for rom in roms:
      # 温度显示
      oled.text("%.2f C" %ds18b20.read_temp(rom), 0, 35)
    #时间显示
    oled.text(str(date_time[0])+'-'+str(date_time[1])+'-'+str(date_time[2])+' '+str(week[date_time[3]]), 0, 0)
    oled.text(str(date_time[4])+':'+str(date_time[5])+':'+str(date_time[6]), 0, 10) 
    #距离显示
    oled.text("%.2f cm"%distance, 0, 25)
    # 湿度显示
    oled.text(str(BMP.getPress()) + ' Pa', 0, 45)
    # 海拔显示
    oled.text(str(BMP.getAltitude()) + ' m', 0, 55)

    oled.show()

#开启RTOS定时器
tim = Timer(-1)
tim.init(period=200, mode=Timer.PERIODIC, callback=fun) #周期1s

以下是相关头文件

bmp280.py

BMP280_I2C_ADDR = const(0x76)

class BMP280():
    def __init__(self, i2c):
        self.i2c = i2c
        self.dig_T1 = self.get2Reg(0x88)
        self.dig_T2 = self.short(self.get2Reg(0x8A))
        self.dig_T3 = self.short(self.get2Reg(0x8C))
        self.dig_P1 = self.get2Reg(0x8E)
        self.dig_P2 = self.short(self.get2Reg(0x90))
        self.dig_P3 = self.short(self.get2Reg(0x92))
        self.dig_P4 = self.short(self.get2Reg(0x94))
        self.dig_P5 = self.short(self.get2Reg(0x96))
        self.dig_P6 = self.short(self.get2Reg(0x98))
        self.dig_P7 = self.short(self.get2Reg(0x9A))
        self.dig_P8 = self.short(self.get2Reg(0x9C))
        self.dig_P9 = self.short(self.get2Reg(0x9E))
        self.mode = 3
        self.osrs_p = 3
        self.osrs_t = 1
        self.setReg(0xF4, 0x2F)
        self.setReg(0xF5, 0x0C)
        self.filter = 3
        self.T = 0
        self.P = 0
        self.version = '1.0'

    def	short(self,	dat):
        if dat > 32767:
            return dat - 65536
        else:
            return dat
	
    # set reg
    def	setReg(self, reg, dat):
        self.i2c.writeto(BMP280_I2C_ADDR, bytearray([reg, dat]))
		
    # get reg
    def	getReg(self, reg):
        self.i2c.writeto(BMP280_I2C_ADDR, bytearray([reg]))
        t =	self.i2c.readfrom(BMP280_I2C_ADDR, 1)
        return t[0]
	
    # get two reg
    def	get2Reg(self, reg):
        self.i2c.writeto(BMP280_I2C_ADDR, bytearray([reg]))
        t =	self.i2c.readfrom(BMP280_I2C_ADDR, 2)
        return t[0] + t[1]*256

    def get(self):
        adc_T = (self.getReg(0xFA)<<12) + (self.getReg(0xFB)<<4) + (self.getReg(0xFC)>>4)
        var1 = (((adc_T>>3)-(self.dig_T1<<1))*self.dig_T2)>>11
        var2 = (((((adc_T>>4)-self.dig_T1)*((adc_T>>4) - self.dig_T1))>>12)*self.dig_T3)>>14
        t = var1+var2
        self.T = ((t * 5 + 128) >> 8)/100
        var1 = (t>>1) - 64000
        var2 = (((var1>>2) * (var1>>2)) >> 11 ) * self.dig_P6
        var2 = var2 + ((var1*self.dig_P5)<<1)
        var2 = (var2>>2)+(self.dig_P4<<16)
        var1 = (((self.dig_P3*((var1>>2)*(var1>>2))>>13)>>3) + (((self.dig_P2) * var1)>>1))>>18
        var1 = ((32768+var1)*self.dig_P1)>>15
        if var1 == 0:
            return  # avoid exception caused by division by zero
        adc_P = (self.getReg(0xF7)<<12) + (self.getReg(0xF8)<<4) + (self.getReg(0xF9)>>4)
        p=((1048576-adc_P)-(var2>>12))*3125
        if p < 0x80000000:
            p = (p << 1) // var1
        else:
            p = (p // var1) * 2
        var1 = (self.dig_P9 * (((p>>3)*(p>>3))>>13))>>12
        var2 = (((p>>2)) * self.dig_P8)>>13
        self.P = p + ((var1 + var2 + self.dig_P7) >> 4)
        return [self.T, self.P]

    # get Temperature in Celsius
    def getTemp(self):
        self.get()
        return self.T

    # get Pressure in Pa
    def getPress(self):
        self.get()
        return self.P

    # Calculating absolute altitude
    def	getAltitude(self):
        return '%.2f'%(44330*(1-(self.getPress()/101325)**(1/5.256)))

    # sleep mode
    def poweroff(self):
        self.setReg(0xF4, 0)

    # normal mode
    def poweron(self):
        self.setReg(0xF4, 0x2F)

hcsr04.py

import machine, time
from machine import Pin

__version__ = '0.2.0'
__author__ = 'Roberto Sánchez'
__license__ = "Apache License 2.0. https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0"

class HCSR04:
    """
    Driver to use the untrasonic sensor HC-SR04.
    The sensor range is between 2cm and 4m.

    The timeouts received listening to echo pin are converted to OSError('Out of range')

    """
    # echo_timeout_us is based in chip range limit (400cm)
    def __init__(self, trigger_pin, echo_pin, echo_timeout_us=500*2*30):
        """
        trigger_pin: Output pin to send pulses
        echo_pin: Readonly pin to measure the distance. The pin should be protected with 1k resistor
        echo_timeout_us: Timeout in microseconds to listen to echo pin. 
        By default is based in sensor limit range (4m)
        """
        self.echo_timeout_us = echo_timeout_us
        # Init trigger pin (out)
        self.trigger = Pin(trigger_pin, mode=Pin.OUT, pull=None)
        self.trigger.value(0)

        # Init echo pin (in)
        self.echo = Pin(echo_pin, mode=Pin.IN, pull=None)

    def _send_pulse_and_wait(self):
        """
        Send the pulse to trigger and listen on echo pin.
        We use the method `machine.time_pulse_us()` to get the microseconds until the echo is received.
        """
        self.trigger.value(0) # Stabilize the sensor
        time.sleep_us(5)
        self.trigger.value(1)
        # Send a 10us pulse.
        time.sleep_us(10)
        self.trigger.value(0)
        try:
            pulse_time = machine.time_pulse_us(self.echo, 1, self.echo_timeout_us)
            return pulse_time
        except OSError as ex:
            if ex.args[0] == 110: # 110 = ETIMEDOUT
                raise OSError('Out of range')
            raise ex

    def distance_mm(self):
        """
        Get the distance in milimeters without floating point operations.
        """
        pulse_time = self._send_pulse_and_wait()

        # To calculate the distance we get the pulse_time and divide it by 2 
        # (the pulse walk the distance twice) and by 29.1 becasue
        # the sound speed on air (343.2 m/s), that It's equivalent to
        # 0.34320 mm/us that is 1mm each 2.91us
        # pulse_time // 2 // 2.91 -> pulse_time // 5.82 -> pulse_time * 100 // 582 
        mm = pulse_time * 100 // 582
        return mm

    def distance_cm(self):
        """
        Get the distance in centimeters with floating point operations.
        It returns a float
        """
        pulse_time = self._send_pulse_and_wait()

        # To calculate the distance we get the pulse_time and divide it by 2 
        # (the pulse walk the distance twice) and by 29.1 becasue
        # the sound speed on air (343.2 m/s), that It's equivalent to
        # 0.034320 cm/us that is 1cm each 29.1us
        cms = (pulse_time / 2) / 29.1
        return cms

ssd1306.py

# MicroPython SSD1306 OLED driver, I2C and SPI interfaces

from micropython import const
import framebuf


# register definitions
SET_CONTRAST = const(0x81)
SET_ENTIRE_ON = const(0xA4)
SET_NORM_INV = const(0xA6)
SET_DISP = const(0xAE)
SET_MEM_ADDR = const(0x20)
SET_COL_ADDR = const(0x21)
SET_PAGE_ADDR = const(0x22)
SET_DISP_START_LINE = const(0x40)
SET_SEG_REMAP = const(0xA0)
SET_MUX_RATIO = const(0xA8)
SET_COM_OUT_DIR = const(0xC0)
SET_DISP_OFFSET = const(0xD3)
SET_COM_PIN_CFG = const(0xDA)
SET_DISP_CLK_DIV = const(0xD5)
SET_PRECHARGE = const(0xD9)
SET_VCOM_DESEL = const(0xDB)
SET_CHARGE_PUMP = const(0x8D)

# Subclassing FrameBuffer provides support for graphics primitives
# http://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/pyboard/library/framebuf.html
class SSD1306(framebuf.FrameBuffer):
    def __init__(self, width, height, external_vcc):
        self.width = width
        self.height = height
        self.external_vcc = external_vcc
        self.pages = self.height // 8
        self.buffer = bytearray(self.pages * self.width)
        super().__init__(self.buffer, self.width, self.height, framebuf.MONO_VLSB)
        self.init_display()

    def init_display(self):
        for cmd in (
            SET_DISP | 0x00,  # off
            # address setting
            SET_MEM_ADDR,
            0x00,  # horizontal
            # resolution and layout
            SET_DISP_START_LINE | 0x00,
            SET_SEG_REMAP | 0x01,  # column addr 127 mapped to SEG0
            SET_MUX_RATIO,
            self.height - 1,
            SET_COM_OUT_DIR | 0x08,  # scan from COM[N] to COM0
            SET_DISP_OFFSET,
            0x00,
            SET_COM_PIN_CFG,
            0x02 if self.width > 2 * self.height else 0x12,
            # timing and driving scheme
            SET_DISP_CLK_DIV,
            0x80,
            SET_PRECHARGE,
            0x22 if self.external_vcc else 0xF1,
            SET_VCOM_DESEL,
            0x30,  # 0.83*Vcc
            # display
            SET_CONTRAST,
            0xFF,  # maximum
            SET_ENTIRE_ON,  # output follows RAM contents
            SET_NORM_INV,  # not inverted
            # charge pump
            SET_CHARGE_PUMP,
            0x10 if self.external_vcc else 0x14,
            SET_DISP | 0x01,
        ):  # on
            self.write_cmd(cmd)
        self.fill(0)
        self.show()

    def poweroff(self):
        self.write_cmd(SET_DISP | 0x00)

    def poweron(self):
        self.write_cmd(SET_DISP | 0x01)

    def contrast(self, contrast):
        self.write_cmd(SET_CONTRAST)
        self.write_cmd(contrast)
    
    def rotate(self, rotate):
        self.write_cmd(SET_COM_OUT_DIR | ((rotate & 1) << 3))
        self.write_cmd(SET_SEG_REMAP | (rotate & 1))
        
    def invert(self, invert):
        self.write_cmd(SET_NORM_INV | (invert & 1))

    def show(self):
        x0 = 0
        x1 = self.width - 1
        if self.width == 64:
            # displays with width of 64 pixels are shifted by 32
            x0 += 32
            x1 += 32
        self.write_cmd(SET_COL_ADDR)
        self.write_cmd(x0)
        self.write_cmd(x1)
        self.write_cmd(SET_PAGE_ADDR)
        self.write_cmd(0)
        self.write_cmd(self.pages - 1)
        self.write_data(self.buffer)


class SSD1306_I2C(SSD1306):
    def __init__(self, width, height, i2c, addr=0x3C, external_vcc=False):
        self.i2c = i2c
        self.addr = addr
        self.temp = bytearray(2)
        self.write_list = [b"\x40", None]  # Co=0, D/C#=1
        super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc)

    def write_cmd(self, cmd):
        self.temp[0] = 0x80  # Co=1, D/C#=0
        self.temp[1] = cmd
        self.i2c.writeto(self.addr, self.temp)

    def write_data(self, buf):
        self.write_list[1] = buf
        self.i2c.writevto(self.addr, self.write_list)


class SSD1306_SPI(SSD1306):
    def __init__(self, width, height, spi, dc, res, cs, external_vcc=False):
        self.rate = 10 * 1024 * 1024
        dc.init(dc.OUT, value=0)
        res.init(res.OUT, value=0)
        cs.init(cs.OUT, value=1)
        self.spi = spi
        self.dc = dc
        self.res = res
        self.cs = cs
        import time

        self.res(1)
        time.sleep_ms(1)
        self.res(0)
        time.sleep_ms(10)
        self.res(1)
        super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc)

    def write_cmd(self, cmd):
        self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0)
        self.cs(1)
        self.dc(0)
        self.cs(0)
        self.spi.write(bytearray([cmd]))
        self.cs(1)

    def write_data(self, buf):
        self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0)
        self.cs(1)
        self.dc(1)
        self.cs(0)
        self.spi.write(buf)
        self.cs(1)