18.1C++ 多态的应用

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class Animal
{
private:
public:
    virtual void eat(void){cout<<"eat"<<endl;}
};

class Mankind:public Animal
{
private:
public:
    void eat(void){cout<<"eat rice"<<endl;}
};

class Dog:public Animal
{
private:
public:
    void eat(void){cout<<"eat shit"<<endl;}
};

class Pig:public Animal
{
private:
public:
    void eat(void){cout<<"root cabbage"<<endl;}
};

void func1(Animal* p){
    p->eat();
}

void func2(Animal& p){不同的对象进来做不同的事，多态
    p.eat();
}
int main()
{
    Pig pig;
    Dog dog;
    Mankind man;
    func2(pig);
    func2(dog);
    func2(man);

    return 0;
}

virtual 返回类型 函数名（参数列表）：通常情况下只有返回类型 函数名 参数列表都相同的函数才能构成多态，除了这一种特殊的函数，返回类指针

类* 函数名（参数列表）

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Animal
{
private:
public:
	virtual Animal* eat(void)
	{
		cout << "Animal eat" << endl;
		return this;
	}
};

class Mankind : public Animal
{
private:
public:
	Mankind* eat(void)
	{
		cout << "man eat rice" << endl;
		return this;
	}
};

int main()
{
	Animal a;
	a.eat();

	Mankind man;
	Animal* p = &man;
	p->eat();

	return 0;
}

糟糕，内存泄漏了

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Animal
{
private:
public:
    Animal(){cout<<"构造Animal"<<endl;}
    ~Animal(){cout<<"~析构Animal"<<endl;}
    void show(void){cout << "Animal eat" << endl;}

};

class Mankind : public Animal
{
private:
public:
    Mankind(){cout<<"构造Mankind"<<endl;}
    ~Mankind(){cout<<"构造Mankind"<<endl;}
    void show(void){cout << "man eat rice" << endl;}
};

int main()
{
    Animal* a = new Mankind;
    delete a;
    return 0;
}

[root@Orz 20:55 ~]# run
构造Animal
构造Mankind
~析构Animal
[root@Orz 20:58 ~]# 

虚析构函数概念的引入

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Animal
{
private:
public:
    Animal(){cout<<"构造Animal"<<endl;}
    virtual ~Animal(){cout<<"~析构Animal"<<endl;}
    void show(void){cout << "Animal eat" << endl;}

};

class Mankind : public Animal
{
private:
public:
    Mankind(){cout<<"构造Mankind"<<endl;}
    ~Mankind(){cout<<"~析构Mankind"<<endl;}
    void show(void){cout << "man eat rice" << endl;}
};

int main()
{
    Animal* a = new Mankind;
    delete a;//删除对象animal时，重载虚析构函数，先摧毁mankind，再摧毁animal
    return 0;
}