参数方程的导数

$\text{已知参数方程}\{\begin{array}{l}x=x\left(t\right)\\ y=y\left(t\right)\end{array}\text{，求}\frac{dy}{dx}\text{和}\frac{d^{2}y}{d{x}^2}$

$\text{一些便于做题但不严谨的推导}$

$\text{求}\frac{dy}{dx}$

$\text{同除以}dt\text{，得到}$

$$\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{\frac{dy}{dt}}{\frac{dx}{dt}}=\frac{y^{\prime }(t)}{x^{{}^{\prime }}(t)}$$

$\text{或者}$

$$y\left(x\right)=y\left(t\right)\text{，其中}x=x\left(t\right)$$
$\text{两边同时对}t\text{求导，得到}$

$$\begin{array}{c}{y}^{\prime }(x)\cdot x^{\prime }(t)=y^{\prime }(t)\\ y^{\prime }(x)=\frac{y^{\prime }(t)}{x^{\prime }(t)}\end{array}$$

$\text{求}\frac{d^{2}y}{d{x}^2}$

$$y^{\prime }(x)=\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{y^{\prime }(t)}{x^{\prime }(t)}\doteq g(t)$$
$\text{两边同时对}t\text{求导，得到}$

$$\begin{array}{c}{y}^{\prime \prime }(x)x^{\prime }(t)=g^{\prime }(t)=\frac{y^{\prime \prime }(t)x^{\prime }(t)-y^{\prime }(t)x^{\prime \prime }(t)}{{\left[x^{{}^{\prime }}(t)\right]}^2}\\ y^{\prime \prime }\left(x\right)=\frac{g^{\prime }\left(t\right)}{x^{{}^{\prime }}\left(t\right)}=\frac{y^{\prime \prime }\left(t\right)x^{\prime }\left(t\right)-y^{\prime }\left(t\right)x^{\prime \prime }\left(t\right)}{{\left[x^{{}^{\prime }}\left(t\right)\right]}^3}\end{array}$$