Vulkan 教程第六部分：计算着色器

目录

1. 编写计算着色器

2. 创建计算管线

加载着色器模块

创建计算管线

3. 执行计算任务

创建命令缓冲

提交计算命令缓冲

---

计算着色器用于通用计算任务，与图形管线独立，可以用于加速计算密集型任务。

1. 编写计算着色器

计算着色器 (compute_shader.glsl)

#version 450

layout(local_size_x = 16, local_size_y = 16) in;

layout(set = 0, binding = 0) buffer InputOutputBuffer {
    float data[];
} bufferData;

void main() {
    uint index = gl_GlobalInvocationID.x + gl_GlobalInvocationID.y * gl_NumWorkGroups.x * gl_WorkGroupSize.x;
    bufferData.data[index] = bufferData.data[index] * 2.0;
}

编译计算着色器：

glslc compute_shader.glsl -o compute_shader.spv

2. 创建计算管线

加载着色器模块

VkShaderModule createShaderModule(const std::vector<char>& code) {
    VkShaderModuleCreateInfo createInfo{};
    createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO;
    createInfo.codeSize = code.size();
    createInfo.pCode = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(code.data());

    VkShaderModule shaderModule;
    if (vkCreateShaderModule(device, &createInfo, nullptr, &shaderModule) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to create shader module!");
    }

    return shaderModule;
}

创建计算管线

VkPipeline computePipeline;
VkPipelineLayout computePipelineLayout;
void createComputePipeline() {
    auto computeShaderCode = readFile("compute_shader.spv");
    VkShaderModule computeShaderModule = createShaderModule(computeShaderCode);

    VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo computeShaderStageInfo{};
    computeShaderStageInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
    computeShaderStageInfo.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT;
    computeShaderStageInfo.module = computeShaderModule;
    computeShaderStageInfo.pName = "main";

    VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipelineLayoutInfo{};
    pipelineLayoutInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
    pipelineLayoutInfo.setLayoutCount = 1;
    pipelineLayoutInfo.pSetLayouts = &descriptorSetLayout;

    if (vkCreatePipelineLayout(device, &pipelineLayoutInfo, nullptr, &computePipelineLayout) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to create compute pipeline layout!");
    }

    VkComputePipelineCreateInfo pipelineInfo{};
    pipelineInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMPUTE_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO;
    pipelineInfo.stage = computeShaderStageInfo;
    pipelineInfo.layout = computePipelineLayout;

    if (vkCreateComputePipelines(device, VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, &pipelineInfo, nullptr, &computePipeline) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to create compute pipeline!");
    }

    vkDestroyShaderModule(device, computeShaderModule, nullptr);
}

• VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo 结构体定义计算着色器阶段的信息。
• VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo 结构体包含创建管线布局的信息。
• VkComputePipelineCreateInfo 结构体包含创建计算管线的信息。
• vkCreateComputePipelines 函数创建计算管线。

3. 执行计算任务

创建命令缓冲

VkCommandBuffer computeCommandBuffer;

void createComputeCommandBuffer() {
    VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo allocInfo{};
    allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO;
    allocInfo.commandPool = commandPool;
    allocInfo.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY;
    allocInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;

    if (vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device, &allocInfo, &computeCommandBuffer) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate compute command buffer!");
    }
}

记录计算命令缓冲

void recordComputeCommandBuffer() {
    VkCommandBufferBeginInfo beginInfo{};
    beginInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;

    if (vkBeginCommandBuffer(computeCommandBuffer, &beginInfo) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to begin recording compute command buffer!");
    }

    vkCmdBindPipeline(computeCommandBuffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_COMPUTE, computePipeline);
    vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(computeCommandBuffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_COMPUTE, computePipelineLayout, 0, 1, &descriptorSet, 0, nullptr);

    vkCmdDispatch(computeCommandBuffer, (uint32_t)ceil(WIDTH / 16.0), (uint32_t)ceil(HEIGHT / 16.0), 1);

    if (vkEndCommandBuffer(computeCommandBuffer) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to record compute command buffer!");
    }
}

• vkCmdBindPipeline 函数绑定计算管线。
• vkCmdBindDescriptorSets 函数绑定描述符集。
• vkCmdDispatch 函数执行计算着色器，指定工作组的数量。

提交计算命令缓冲

void submitComputeCommandBuffer() {
    VkSubmitInfo submitInfo{};
    submitInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;
    submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
    submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &computeCommandBuffer;

    if (vkQueueSubmit(computeQueue, 1, &submitInfo, VK_NULL_HANDLE) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to submit compute command buffer!");
    }

    vkQueueWaitIdle(computeQueue);
}

• VkSubmitInfo 结构体包含提交信息。
• vkQueueSubmit 函数提交命令缓冲到计算队列。
• vkQueueWaitIdle 函数等待计算队列完成。