python——图形展现例题

问题

        根据给出的烧烤店的数据绘制柱状图，要求可以设置每个柱的颜色、内部填充符号、描边效果和标注文本

代码 如下

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
month = list(range(1,13))
money= [5.2, 2.7, 5.8, 5.7, 7.3, 9.2,
18.7, 15.6, 20.5, 18.0, 7.8, 6.9]
for x, y in zip(month, money):
    color = '#%02x' %int(y* 10)+'6666'
    plt.bar(x, y,
    color=color, hatch='-', width=0.6,
    edgecolor= 'b', linestyle='--' ,linewidth=1.5)
    plt.text(x-0.3, y+0.2, '%.1f'%y)
plt.xlabel('月份', fontproperties='simhei')
plt.ylabel('营业额(万元) ', fontproperties ='simhei')
plt.title('烧烤店营业额', fontproperties='simhei', fontsize=14)
plt.xticks(month)
plt.ylim(0, 22)
plt.show()

 # 设置x、y轴标签和字体

plt.xlabel('月份', fontproperties='simhei')
plt.ylabel('营业额(万元) ', fontproperties ='simhei')

# 设置y轴跨度

plt.ylim（）

运行结果 

绘制堆积代码柱状图 

 代码

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = [1,3,5]
y = [3,8,9]
y1 = [2,6,3]
plt.bar(x,y,align="center",color="#66c2a5",\
        tick_label = ["A","B","C"],label = "title_A")
plt.bar(x,y1,align="center",color="#8da0cb",\
        tick_label = ["A","B","C"],label = "title_B")
plt.legend()
plt.show()

运行结果 

根据下面的数据，绘制两年烧烤店的营业数据：

代码

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x = np.arange(1, 13)
y = [5.2, 2.7, 5.8, 5.7, 7.3, 9.2,
     18.7, 15.6, 20.5, 18.0, 7.8, 6.9]
y1 = [3.6, 0.6, 2.1, 3.8, 8.9, 12.8,
      26.5, 27.8, 33.9, 26.2, 15.3, 3.7]
bar_width = 0.4
tick_label = ["1M", "2M", "3M", "4M", "5M", "6M",
              "7M", "8M", "9M", "10M", "11M", "12M"]
plt.bar(x, y, align="center", color="m", width=bar_width,
        label="2019Money", alpha=0.5)
plt.bar(x + bar_width, y1, align="center", color="g", width=bar_width,
        label="2020Money", alpha=0.5)
plt.xticks(x + bar_width / 2, tick_label)
plt.legend()
plt.show()

运行结果 

绘制饼状图

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SImHei']
labels = ['A部门','B部门','C部门','D部门']
nums = [0.25,0.15,0.36,0.24]
colors = ["#377eb8","#4daf4a","#984ea3","#ff7f00"]
explode = (0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1)
plt.pie(nums,explode=explode,labels = labels,autopct="%3.1f%%",
            startangle =45,shadow=True,colors=colors)
plt.title("一季度各部门盈利构成")
plt.show()

运行结果 

1.plt.rcParams()函数的作用;
2.autopct参数:设置每个扇区中百分比文字，可使用格式化字符串;
3.nmus这个变量，这里代表每个扇区的比例(大小) ;
4.explode这个参数，每个扇区离开中心的距离;
5.labels参数:每个扇区外侧显示的说明文字;
6.startangle参数:起始绘制角度，默认逆时针方向;
7.shadow参数:是否在饼图下方绘制阴影。