串口传输文件的练习
将两台笔记本电脑,借助 usb转rs232模块和杜邦线,建立起串口连接。然后用串口助手等工具软件(带文件传输功能)将一台笔记本上的一个大文件(图片、视频和压缩包软件)传输到另外一台电脑,预算文件大小、波特率和传输时间三者之间的关系,并对比实际传输时间。
准备
- 两个usb to ttl模块
- 两台电脑(安装了串口助手)
- 杜邦线若干
连接
连接原理
接线
电脑1 | 电脑2 |
---|---|
TXD | RXD |
RXD | TXD |
GND | GND |
3V3 | 3V3 |
从电脑1发一张图片到电脑2
发送端
接收端
传输大小=文件大小/比特率
汉字点阵
学习理解汉字的机内码、区位码编码规则和字形数据存储格式。在Ubuntu下用C/C++(或python) 调用opencv库编程显示一张图片,并打开一个名为"logo.txt"的文本文件(其中只有一行文本文件,包括你自己的名字和学号),按照名字和学号去读取汉字24*24点阵字形字库(压缩包中的文件HZKf2424.hz)中对应字符的字形数据,将名字和学号叠加显示在此图片右下位置。
区位码
94 行、94 列的方阵,一行称为一个“区”,每一列称为一个“位”。区位码组成如下:
区 | 号 | 位 | 号 |
---|---|---|---|
3 | 6 | 2 | 4 |
3624表示汉字“母”字,表明它在方阵的 36 区 24 位
机内码
为了避免机内码与基本 ASCII 码的冲突,需要避开基本 ASCII 码中的控制码(00H~1FH),还需与基本 ASCII 码中的字符相区别。
高位字节 = 区码 + 20H + 80H(或区码 + A0H)
低位字节 = 位码 + 20H + 80H(或位码 + AOH)
由于汉字的区码与位码的取值范围的十六进制数均为 01H~5EH(即十进制的 01~94),所以汉字的高位字节与低位字节的取值范围则为 A1H~FEH(即十进制的 161~254)。
例如,汉字“啊”的区位码为 1601,区码和位码分别用十六进制表示即为 1001H,它的机内码的高位字节为 B0H,低位字节为 A1H,机内码就是 B0A1H。
Ubuntu上的操作
将以下代码放入test.cpp文件中
#include<iostream>
#include<opencv/cv.h>
#include"opencv2/opencv.hpp"
#include<opencv/cxcore.h>
#include<opencv/highgui.h>
#include<math.h>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
void paint_chinese(Mat& image,int x_offset,int y_offset,unsigned long offset);
void paint_ascii(Mat& image,int x_offset,int y_offset,unsigned long offset);
void put_text_to_image(int x_offset,int y_offset,String image_path,char* logo_path);
int main(){
String image_path="bird.jpg";//图片的名字
char* logo_path="logo.txt";//汉字文件的名字
put_text_to_image(500,850,image_path,logo_path);//change txt place
return 0;
}
void paint_ascii(Mat& image,int x_offset,int y_offset,unsigned long offset){
//绘制的起点坐标
Point p;
p.x = x_offset;
p.y = y_offset;
//存放ascii字膜
char buff[16];
//打开ascii字库文件
FILE *ASCII;
if ((ASCII = fopen("Asci0816.zf", "rb")) == NULL){
printf("Can't open ascii.zf,Please check the path!");
//getch();
exit(0);
}
fseek(ASCII, offset, SEEK_SET);
fread(buff, 16, 1, ASCII);
int i, j;
Point p1 = p;
for (i = 0; i<16; i++) //十六个char
{
p.x = x_offset;
for (j = 0; j < 8; j++) //一个char八个bit
{
p1 = p;
if (buff[i] & (0x80 >> j)) /*测试当前位是否为1*/
{
/*
由于原本ascii字膜是8*16的,不够大,
所以原本的一个像素点用4个像素点替换,
替换后就有16*32个像素点
ps:感觉这样写代码多余了,但目前暂时只想到了这种方法
*/
circle(image, p1, 0, Scalar(0, 0, 255), -1);
p1.x++;
circle(image, p1, 0, Scalar(0, 0, 255), -1);
p1.y++;
circle(image, p1, 0, Scalar(0, 0, 255), -1);
p1.x--;
circle(image, p1, 0, Scalar(0, 0, 255), -1);
}
p.x+=2; //原来的一个像素点变为四个像素点,所以x和y都应该+2
}
p.y+=2;
}
}
void paint_chinese(Mat& image,int x_offset,int y_offset,unsigned long offset){//在图片上画汉字
Point p;
p.x=x_offset;
p.y=y_offset;
FILE *HZK;
char buff[72];//72个字节,用来存放汉字的
if((HZK=fopen("HZKf2424.hz","rb"))==NULL){
printf("Can't open HZKf2424.hz,Please check the path!");
exit(0);//退出
}
fseek(HZK, offset, SEEK_SET);/*将文件指针移动到偏移量的位置*/
fread(buff, 72, 1, HZK);/*从偏移量的位置读取72个字节,每个汉字占72个字节*/
bool mat[24][24];//定义一个新的矩阵存放转置后的文字字膜
int i,j,k;
for (i = 0; i<24; i++) /*24x24点阵汉字,一共有24行*/
{
for (j = 0; j<3; j++) /*横向有3个字节,循环判断每个字节的*/
for (k = 0; k<8; k++) /*每个字节有8位,循环判断每位是否为1*/
if (buff[i * 3 + j] & (0x80 >> k)) /*测试当前位是否为1*/
{
mat[j * 8 + k][i] = true; /*为1的存入新的字膜中*/
}
else {
mat[j * 8 + k][i] = false;
}
}
for (i = 0; i < 24; i++)
{
p.x = x_offset;
for (j = 0; j < 24; j++)
{
if (mat[i][j])
circle(image, p, 1, Scalar(255, 0, 0), -1); //写(替换)像素点
p.x++; //右移一个像素点
}
p.y++; //下移一个像素点
}
}
void put_text_to_image(int x_offset,int y_offset,String image_path,char* logo_path){//将汉字弄上图片
//x和y就是第一个字在图片上的起始坐标
//通过图片路径获取图片
Mat image=imread(image_path);
int length=19;//要打印的字符长度(打印多少字节长度就为多少,根据自己的情况调整)
unsigned char qh,wh;//定义区号,位号
unsigned long offset;//偏移量
unsigned char hexcode[30];//用于存放记事本读取的十六进制,记得要用无符号
FILE* file_logo;
if ((file_logo = fopen(logo_path, "rb")) == NULL){
printf("Can't open txtfile,Please check the path!");
//getch();
exit(0);
}
fseek(file_logo, 0, SEEK_SET);
fread(hexcode, length, 1, file_logo);
int x =x_offset,y = y_offset;//x,y:在图片上绘制文字的起始坐标
for(int m=0;m<length;){
if(hexcode[m]==0x23){
break;//读到#号时结束
}
else if(hexcode[m]>0xaf){
qh=hexcode[m]-0xaf;//使用的字库里是以汉字啊开头,而不是以汉字符号开头
wh=hexcode[m+1] - 0xa0;//计算位码
offset=(94*(qh-1)+(wh-1))*72L;
paint_chinese(image,x,y,offset);
/*
计算在汉字库中的偏移量
对于每个汉字,使用24*24的点阵来表示的
一行有三个字节,一共24行,所以需要72个字节来表示
*/
m=m+2;//一个汉字的机内码占两个字节,
x+=24;//一个汉字为24*24个像素点,由于是水平放置,所以是向右移动24个像素点
}
else{
//当读取的字符为ASCII码时
wh=hexcode[m];
offset=wh*16l;//计算英文字符的偏移量
paint_ascii(image,x,y,offset);
m++;//英文字符在文件里表示只占一个字节,所以往后移一位就行了
x+=16;
}
}
cv::imshow("image", image);
cv::waitKey();
}
运行代码
得出结果如下:
OLED屏显
理解OLED屏显和汉字点阵编码原理,使用STM32F103的SPI或IIC接口实现以下功能:
显示自己的学号和姓名;
显示AHT20的温度和湿度;
上下或左右的滑动显示长字符,比如“Hello,欢迎来到重庆交通大学物联网205实训室!”或者一段歌词或诗词(最好使用硬件刷屏模式)。
(1)
代码
void TEST_MainPage(void)
{
// GUI_ShowString(28,0,"Harriet",16,1);
GUI_ShowCHinese(28,20,16,"sl",1);
//GUI_ShowString(40,32,"64X128",16,1);
GUI_ShowString(4,48,"632107030628",16,1);
//GUI_ShowString(4,48,"www.lcdwiki.com",16,1);
delay_ms(1500);
delay_ms(1500);
}
取模结果
DDB 00H 00H 00H 3EH 42H 42H 40H 20H 18H 04H 02H 42H 42H 7CH 00H 00H;"S",0
DB 00H 00H 00H E0H 40H 40H 40H 40H 40H 40H 40H 40H 42H FEH 00H 00H;"L",1
DB 00H 00H 00H 00H 00H 00H 00H 00H 00H 00H 00H 00H 00H 00H 00H 00H;" ",2
DB 00H 00H 00H 18H 24H 40H 40H 5CH 62H 42H 42H 42H 22H 1CH 00H 00H;"6",3
DB 00H 00H 00H 3CH 42H 42H 02H 04H 18H 04H 02H 42H 42H 3CH 00H 00H;"3",4
DB 00H 00H 00H 3CH 42H 42H 42H 02H 04H 08H 10H 20H 42H 7EH 00H 00H;"2",5
DB 00H 00H 00H 08H 38H 08H 08H 08H 08H 08H 08H 08H 08H 3EH 00H 00H;"1",6
DB 00H 00H 00H 18H 24H 42H 42H 42H 42H 42H 42H 42H 24H 18H 00H 00H;"0",7
DB 00H 00H 00H 7EH 42H 04H 04H 08H 08H 10H 10H 10H 10H 10H 00H 00H;"7",8
DB 00H 00H 00H 18H 24H 42H 42H 42H 42H 42H 42H 42H 24H 18H 00H 00H;"0",9
DB 00H 00H 00H 3CH 42H 42H 02H 04H 18H 04H 02H 42H 42H 3CH 00H 00H;"3",10
DB 00H 00H 00H 18H 24H 42H 42H 42H 42H 42H 42H 42H 24H 18H 00H 00H;"0",11
DB 00H 00H 00H 18H 24H 40H 40H 5CH 62H 42H 42H 42H 22H 1CH 00H 00H;"6",12
DB 00H 00H 00H 3CH 42H 42H 42H 02H 04H 08H 10H 20H 42H 7EH 00H 00H;"2",13
DB 00H 00H 00H 3CH 42H 42H 42H 24H 18H 24H 42H 42H 42H 3CH 00H 00H;"8",14
int main(void)
{
delay_init(); //延时函数初始化
OLED_Init(); //初始化OLED
OLED_Clear(0); //清屏(全黑)
while(1)
{
TEST_MainPage(); //界面显示
}
}
结果如下:
(2)
代码
void read_AHT20(void)
{
uint8_t i;
for(i=0; i<6; i++)
{
readByte[i]=0;
}
//-------------
I2C_Start();
I2C_WriteByte(0x71);
ack_status = Receive_ACK();
readByte[0]= I2C_ReadByte();
Send_ACK();
readByte[1]= I2C_ReadByte();
Send_ACK();
readByte[2]= I2C_ReadByte();
Send_ACK();
readByte[3]= I2C_ReadByte();
Send_ACK();
readByte[4]= I2C_ReadByte();
Send_ACK();
readByte[5]= I2C_ReadByte();
SendNot_Ack();
//Send_ACK();
I2C_Stop();
//--------------
if( (readByte[0] & 0x68) == 0x08 )
{
H1 = readByte[1];
H1 = (H1<<8) | readByte[2];
H1 = (H1<<8) | readByte[3];
H1 = H1>>4;
H1 = (H1*1000)/1024/1024;
T1 = readByte[3];
T1 = T1 & 0x0000000F;
T1 = (T1<<8) | readByte[4];
T1 = (T1<<8) | readByte[5];
T1 = (T1*2000)/1024/1024 - 500;
AHT20_OutData[0] = (H1>>8) & 0x000000FF;
AHT20_OutData[1] = H1 & 0x000000FF;
AHT20_OutData[2] = (T1>>8) & 0x000000FF;
AHT20_OutData[3] = T1 & 0x000000FF;
}
else
{
AHT20_OutData[0] = 0xFF;
AHT20_OutData[1] = 0xFF;
AHT20_OutData[2] = 0xFF;
AHT20_OutData[3] = 0xFF;
printf("lyy");
}
/*通过串口显示采集得到的温湿度
printf("\r\n");
printf("温度:%d%d.%d",T1/100,(T1/10)%10,T1%10);
printf("湿度:%d%d.%d",H1/100,(H1/10)%10,H1%10);
printf("\r\n");*/
t=T1/10;
t1=T1%10;
a=(float)(t+t1*0.1);
h=H1/10;
h1=H1%10;
b=(float)(h+h1*0.1);
sprintf(strTemp,"%.1f",a); //调用Sprintf函数把DHT11的温度数据格式化到字符串数组变量strTemp中
sprintf(strHumi,"%.1f",b); //调用Sprintf函数把DHT11的湿度数据格式化到字符串数组变量strHumi中
GUI_ShowCHinese(16,00,16,"温湿度显示",1);
GUI_ShowCHinese(16,20,16,"温度",1);
GUI_ShowString(53,20,strTemp,16,1);
GUI_ShowCHinese(16,38,16,"湿度",1);
GUI_ShowString(53,38,strHumi,16,1);
delay_ms(1500);
delay_ms(1500);
}
"温",0x00,0x00,0x23,0xF8,0x12,0x08,0x12,0x08,0x83,0xF8,0x42,0x08,0x42,0x08,0x13,0xF8,
0x10,0x00,0x27,0xFC,0xE4,0xA4,0x24,0xA4,0x24,0xA4,0x24,0xA4,0x2F,0xFE,0x00,0x00,/*"温",0*/
"度",0x01,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x3F,0xFE,0x22,0x20,0x22,0x20,0x3F,0xFC,0x22,0x20,0x22,0x20,
0x23,0xE0,0x20,0x00,0x2F,0xF0,0x24,0x10,0x42,0x20,0x41,0xC0,0x86,0x30,0x38,0x0E,/*"度",0*/
"湿",0x00,0x00,0x27,0xF8,0x14,0x08,0x14,0x08,0x87,0xF8,0x44,0x08,0x44,0x08,0x17,0xF8,
0x11,0x20,0x21,0x20,0xE9,0x24,0x25,0x28,0x23,0x30,0x21,0x20,0x2F,0xFE,0x00,0x00,/*"湿",0*/
"显",0x00,0x00,0x1F,0xF0,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x1F,0xF0,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x1F,0xF0,
0x04,0x40,0x44,0x44,0x24,0x44,0x14,0x48,0x14,0x50,0x04,0x40,0xFF,0xFE,0x00,0x00,/*"显",0*/
"示",0x00,0x00,0x3F,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0xFE,0x01,0x00,
0x01,0x00,0x11,0x10,0x11,0x08,0x21,0x04,0x41,0x02,0x81,0x02,0x05,0x00,0x02,0x00,/*"示",0*/
#include "delay.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "bsp_i2c.h"
#include "sys.h"
#include "oled.h"
#include "gui.h"
#include "test.h"
int main(void)
{
delay_init(); //延时函数初始化
uart_init(115200);
IIC_Init();
NVIC_Configuration(); //设置NVIC中断分组2:2位抢占优先级,2位响应优先级
OLED_Init(); //初始化OLED
OLED_Clear(0);
while(1)
{
//printf("温度湿度显示");
read_AHT20_once();
OLED_Clear(0);
delay_ms(1500);
}
}
结果如下:
水平左右移动
OLED_WR_Byte(0x2E,OLED_CMD); //关闭滚动
OLED_WR_Byte(0x26,OLED_CMD); //水平向左或者右滚动 26/27
OLED_WR_Byte(0x00,OLED_CMD); //虚拟字节
OLED_WR_Byte(0x00,OLED_CMD); //起始页 0
OLED_WR_Byte(0x07,OLED_CMD); //滚动时间间隔
OLED_WR_Byte(0x07,OLED_CMD); //终止页 7
OLED_WR_Byte(0x00,OLED_CMD); //虚拟字节
OLED_WR_Byte(0xFF,OLED_CMD); //虚拟字节
OLED_WR_Byte(0x2F,OLED_CMD); //开启滚动
垂直和水平滚动
OLED_WR_Byte(0x2e,OLED_CMD); //关闭滚动
OLED_WR_Byte(0x29,OLED_CMD); //水平垂直和水平滚动左右 29/2a
OLED_WR_Byte(0x00,OLED_CMD); //虚拟字节
OLED_WR_Byte(0x00,OLED_CMD); //起始页 0
OLED_WR_Byte(0x07,OLED_CMD); //滚动时间间隔
OLED_WR_Byte(0x07,OLED_CMD); //终止页 1
OLED_WR_Byte(0x01,OLED_CMD); //垂直滚动偏移量
OLED_WR_Byte(0x2F,OLED_CMD); //开启滚动
(2)代码编写
修改模板中的16*16点阵编码oledfont.h文件,增加汉字点阵
DB 10H 13H 10H 10H FBH 10H 30H 3BH 54H 53H 92H 12H 13H 12H 12H 12H;
DB 00H FCH 48H 30H FEH 52H 94H 50H 20H FEH 52H 8AH 76H 52H 72H 06H;"橘",0
DB 01H 11H 11H 11H 3FH 21H 41H 81H 01H 3FH 01H 01H 01H 01H FFH 00H;
DB 00H 00H 00H 00H FCH 00H 00H 00H 00H F8H 00H 00H 00H 00H FEH 00H;"生",1
DB 01H 21H 11H 13H 82H 46H 4BH 12H 12H 23H E2H 22H 22H 23H 22H 02H;
DB 40H 20H 20H FEH 20H 20H FCH 20H 20H FCH 20H 20H 20H FEH 00H 00H;"淮",2
DB 01H 01H FFH 01H 01H 7FH 48H 44H 4FH 41H 41H 5FH 41H 41H 41H 40H;
DB 00H 00H FEH 00H 00H FCH 24H 44H E4H 04H 04H F4H 04H 04H 14H 08H;"南",3
DB 00H 7FH 41H 41H 49H 49H 49H 49H 49H 49H 49H 14H 12H 21H 40H 80H;
DB 04H 04H 04H 24H 24H 24H 24H 24H 24H 24H 24H 24H 04H 04H 94H 88H;"则",4
DB 01H 21H 11H 11H 01H 7FH 02H 02H 02H 04H 04H 08H 10H 20H 40H 80H;
DB 00H 00H 00H 00H 00H F8H 08H 08H 88H 48H 48H 08H 08H 08H 50H 20H;"为",5
DB 10H 13H 10H 10H FBH 10H 30H 3BH 54H 53H 92H 12H 13H 12H 12H 12H;
DB 00H FCH 48H 30H FEH 52H 94H 50H 20H FEH 52H 8AH 76H 52H 72H 06H;"橘",6
修改模板中的test.c文件中的函数void TEST_Menu1(void)
void TEST_Menu1(void)
{
GUI_ShowCHinese(10,20,16,"寻此苦旅,直达群星。",1);
delay_ms(1500);
delay_ms(1500);
}
修改主函数main(),将三个实验功能合并
int main(void)
{
delay_init(); //延时函数初始化
uart_init(115200);
IIC_Init();
NVIC_Configuration(); //设置NVIC中断分组2:2位抢占优先级,2位响应优先级
OLED_Init(); //初始化OLED
OLED_Clear(0); //延时函数初始化
OLED_Init(); //初始化OLED
OLED_Clear(0); //清屏(全黑)
TEST_MainPage();
OLED_Clear(0); //界面显示
read_AHT20_once();
OLED_Clear(0);
OLED_WR_Byte(0x2E,OLED_CMD); //关闭滚动
OLED_WR_Byte(0x27,OLED_CMD); //水平向左或者右滚动 26/27
OLED_WR_Byte(0x00,OLED_CMD); //虚拟字节
OLED_WR_Byte(0x00,OLED_CMD); //起始页 0
OLED_WR_Byte(0x07,OLED_CMD); //滚动时间间隔
OLED_WR_Byte(0x07,OLED_CMD); //终止页 7
OLED_WR_Byte(0x00,OLED_CMD); //虚拟字节
OLED_WR_Byte(0xFF,OLED_CMD); //虚拟字节
TEST_Menu1();
OLED_WR_Byte(0x2F,OLED_CMD); //开启滚动
}