深度学习P9-YOLOv5-Backbone模块实现

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-09 23:51:40 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-09 23:51:40 发布

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文章标签：深度学习 YOLO 人工智能

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_66033623/article/details/132721317

版权

本文为🔗365天深度学习训练营中的学习记录博客
原作者：K同学啊|接辅导、项目定制

我的环境：

1.语言：python3.7

2.编译器：pycharm

3.深度学习环境：

torch 1.8.0 + cu111

torchvision 0.9.0 + cu111

一、前期准备

1、设置GPU

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torchvision.transforms as transforms
import torchvision
from torchvision import transforms, datasets
import os,PIL,pathlib,warnings

warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")             #忽略警告信息

device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
print(device)

cuda

2、导入数据

import os,PIL,random,pathlib

data_dir = "E:\weather_photos"
data_dir = pathlib.Path(data_dir)

data_paths  = list(data_dir.glob('*'))
classeNames = [str(path).split("\\")[2] for path in data_paths]
print(classeNames)

使用pathlib.Path()函数将字符串类型的文件夹路径转换为pathlib.Path对象。接下来，使用glob方法获取data_dir路径下的所有文件路径，并将它们以列表形式存储在data_paths中。通过对data_paths中每个文件路径执行split("\")操作，可以得到各个文件所属的类别名称，并将这些名称以列表形式存储在classeNames中。最后，打印classeNames列表，显示每个文件所属的类别名称。

['cloudy', 'rain', 'shine', 'sunrise']

# 关于transforms.Compose的更多介绍可以参考：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38251616/article/details/124878863
train_transforms = transforms.Compose([
    transforms.Resize([224, 224]),  # 将输入图片resize成统一尺寸
    # transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(), # 随机水平翻转
    transforms.ToTensor(),          # 将PIL Image或numpy.ndarray转换为tensor，并归一化到[0,1]之间
    transforms.Normalize(           # 标准化处理-->转换为标准正太分布（高斯分布），使模型更容易收敛
        mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406], 
        std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225])  # 其中 mean=[0.485,0.456,0.406]与std=[0.229,0.224,0.225] 从数据集中随机抽样计算得到的。
])

test_transform = transforms.Compose([
    transforms.Resize([224, 224]),  # 将输入图片resize成统一尺寸
    transforms.ToTensor(),          # 将PIL Image或numpy.ndarray转换为tensor，并归一化到[0,1]之间
    transforms.Normalize(           # 标准化处理-->转换为标准正太分布（高斯分布），使模型更容易收敛
        mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406], 
        std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225])  # 其中 mean=[0.485,0.456,0.406]与std=[0.229,0.224,0.225] 从数据集中随机抽样计算得到的。
])

total_data = datasets.ImageFolder("E:\weather_photos",transform=train_transforms)
total_data

transforms.Compose()用于构建数据预处理的操作序列。它可以将多个transform操作组合在一起，以便在数据加载和训练过程中应用这些操作。

transforms.Resize([224, 224])：将图像大小调整为指定的尺寸，这里是将图像的宽度和高度分别调整为224。
transforms.ToTensor()：将图像转换为张量形式，将像素值从0-255缩放到0-1之间。
transforms.Normalize(mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406], std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225])：对图像进行归一化处理，通过减去均值(mean)再除以标准差(std)，以使得图像在各个通道上的数值分布接近于标准正态分布。这里给出的均值和标准差是用于ImageNet数据集训练的经验值。

Dataset ImageFolder
Number of datapoints: 1125
Root location: E:\weather_photos
StandardTransform
Transform: Compose(
Resize(size=[224, 224], interpolation=bilinear)
ToTensor()
Normalize(mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406], std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225])
)

print(total_data.class_to_idx)

{'cloudy': 0, 'rain': 1, 'shine': 2, 'sunrise': 3}

3、划分数据集

train_size = int(0.8 * len(total_data))
test_size  = len(total_data) - train_size
train_dataset, test_dataset = torch.utils.data.random_split(total_data, [train_size, test_size])
print(train_dataset)
print(test_dataset)

train_size变量表示训练集大小，通过将总体数据长度的80%转换为整数得到；test_size变量则表示测试集大小，是总体数据长度减去训练集大小。

使用torch.utils.data.random_split方法进行数据集划分。该方法将总体数据total_data按照指定的大小比例（[train_size, test_size]）随机划分为训练集和测试集，并将划分结果分别赋值给train_dataset和test_dataset两个变量。

<torch.utils.data.dataset.Subset object at 0x0000017DC1CDDA48>
<torch.utils.data.dataset.Subset object at 0x0000017DC1CDDB48>

batch_size = 4

train_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(train_dataset,
                                           batch_size=batch_size,
                                           shuffle=True,
                                           )
test_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(test_dataset,
                                          batch_size=batch_size,
                                          shuffle=True,
                                          )

batch_size = 4 表示每个批次加载的样本数量为4个，即每次训练或测试的时候都会同时处理4个样本。

train_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(train_dataset, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True, num_workers=1) 创建了一个训练集的数据加载器。train_dataset是训练集的数据集对象，batch_size指定每个批次加载的样本数量，shuffle=True表示在每个epoch（整个训练集迭代一次）之前将训练集打乱顺序，num_workers=1表示使用一个线程来加载数据。同理test_dl创建了一个测试集的数据加载器。

for X, y in test_dl:
    print("Shape of X [N, C, H, W]: ", X.shape)
    print("Shape of y: ", y.shape, y.dtype)
    break

使用了一个循环来遍历 test_dl 数据加载器对象。每次迭代都会返回一批输入图像 X 和对应的标签 y。第一个 print 语句显示了 X 的形状，预期为 [N, C, H, W]。这里，N 表示批量大小，C 表示通道数（通常为灰度图像为1或RGB图像为3），H 表示图像的高度，W 表示图像的宽度。第二个 print 语句显示了 y 的形状，表示标签的形状。此外，还显示了标签的数据类型（dtype）。break 语句用于在打印第一个批次的形状和数据类型信息后退出循环。

Shape of X [N, C, H, W]: torch.Size([4, 3, 224, 224])
Shape of y: torch.Size([4]) torch.int64

X的形状为[N, C, H, W]，其中N表示样本的数量，C表示通道数，H表示图像的高度，W表示图像的宽度。具体地，X的形状是torch.Size([4, 3, 224, 224])。

y的形状为torch.Size([4])，类型为torch.int64，代表了标签的值。其中32表示有32个样本的标签。

二、搭建包含Backbone模块的模型

1. 搭建模型

import torch.nn.functional as F

def autopad(k, p=None):  # kernel, padding
    # Pad to 'same'
    if p is None:
        p = k // 2 if isinstance(k, int) else [x // 2 for x in k]  # auto-pad
    return p

class Conv(nn.Module):
    # Standard convolution
    def __init__(self, c1, c2, k=1, s=1, p=None, g=1, act=True):  # ch_in, ch_out, kernel, stride, padding, groups
        super().__init__()
        self.conv = nn.Conv2d(c1, c2, k, s, autopad(k, p), groups=g, bias=False)
        self.bn = nn.BatchNorm2d(c2)
        self.act = nn.SiLU() if act is True else (act if isinstance(act, nn.Module) else nn.Identity())

    def forward(self, x):
        return self.act(self.bn(self.conv(x)))

class Bottleneck(nn.Module):
    # Standard bottleneck
    def __init__(self, c1, c2, shortcut=True, g=1, e=0.5):  # ch_in, ch_out, shortcut, groups, expansion
        super().__init__()
        c_ = int(c2 * e)  # hidden channels
        self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
        self.cv2 = Conv(c_, c2, 3, 1, g=g)
        self.add = shortcut and c1 == c2

    def forward(self, x):
        return x + self.cv2(self.cv1(x)) if self.add else self.cv2(self.cv1(x))

class C3(nn.Module):
    # CSP Bottleneck with 3 convolutions
    def __init__(self, c1, c2, n=1, shortcut=True, g=1, e=0.5):  # ch_in, ch_out, number, shortcut, groups, expansion
        super().__init__()
        c_ = int(c2 * e)  # hidden channels
        self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
        self.cv2 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
        self.cv3 = Conv(2 * c_, c2, 1)  # act=FReLU(c2)
        self.m = nn.Sequential(*(Bottleneck(c_, c_, shortcut, g, e=1.0) for _ in range(n)))

    def forward(self, x):
        return self.cv3(torch.cat((self.m(self.cv1(x)), self.cv2(x)), dim=1))
    
class SPPF(nn.Module):
    # Spatial Pyramid Pooling - Fast (SPPF) layer for YOLOv5 by Glenn Jocher
    def __init__(self, c1, c2, k=5):  # equivalent to SPP(k=(5, 9, 13))
        super().__init__()
        c_ = c1 // 2  # hidden channels
        self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
        self.cv2 = Conv(c_ * 4, c2, 1, 1)
        self.m = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=k, stride=1, padding=k // 2)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.cv1(x)
        with warnings.catch_warnings():
            warnings.simplefilter('ignore')  # suppress torch 1.9.0 max_pool2d() warning
            y1 = self.m(x)
            y2 = self.m(y1)
            return self.cv2(torch.cat([x, y1, y2, self.m(y2)], 1))
"""
这个是YOLOv5, 6.0版本的主干网络，这里进行复现
（注：有部分删改，详细讲解将在后续进行展开）
"""
class YOLOv5_backbone(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(YOLOv5_backbone, self).__init__()
        
        self.Conv_1 = Conv(3, 64, 3, 2, 2) 
        self.Conv_2 = Conv(64, 128, 3, 2) 
        self.C3_3   = C3(128,128)
        self.Conv_4 = Conv(128, 256, 3, 2) 
        self.C3_5   = C3(256,256)
        self.Conv_6 = Conv(256, 512, 3, 2) 
        self.C3_7   = C3(512,512)
        self.Conv_8 = Conv(512, 1024, 3, 2) 
        self.C3_9   = C3(1024, 1024)
        self.SPPF   = SPPF(1024, 1024, 5)
        
        # 全连接网络层，用于分类
        self.classifier = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Linear(in_features=65536, out_features=100),
            nn.ReLU(),
            nn.Linear(in_features=100, out_features=4)
        )
        
    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.Conv_1(x)
        x = self.Conv_2(x)
        x = self.C3_3(x)
        x = self.Conv_4(x)
        x = self.C3_5(x)
        x = self.Conv_6(x)
        x = self.C3_7(x)
        x = self.Conv_8(x)
        x = self.C3_9(x)
        x = self.SPPF(x)
        
        x = torch.flatten(x, start_dim=1)
        x = self.classifier(x)

        return x

device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
print("Using {} device".format(device))
    
model = YOLOv5_backbone().to(device)
print(model)

Using cuda device
YOLOv5_backbone(
(Conv_1): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(2, 2), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(Conv_2): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(64, 128, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(C3_3): C3(
(cv1): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(128, 64, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(cv2): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(128, 64, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(cv3): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(m): Sequential(
(0): Bottleneck(
(cv1): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(cv2): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
)
)
)
(Conv_4): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(128, 256, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(C3_5): C3(
(cv1): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(256, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(cv2): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(256, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(cv3): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(m): Sequential(
(0): Bottleneck(
(cv1): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(cv2): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
)
)
)
(Conv_6): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(256, 512, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(512, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(C3_7): C3(
(cv1): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(512, 256, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(cv2): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(512, 256, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(cv3): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(512, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(m): Sequential(
(0): Bottleneck(
(cv1): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(cv2): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
)
)
)
(Conv_8): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(512, 1024, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(1024, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(C3_9): C3(
(cv1): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(1024, 512, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(512, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(cv2): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(1024, 512, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(512, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(cv3): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(1024, 1024, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(1024, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(m): Sequential(
(0): Bottleneck(
(cv1): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(512, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(cv2): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(512, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
)
)
)
(SPPF): SPPF(
(cv1): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(1024, 512, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(512, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(cv2): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(2048, 1024, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(1024, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(m): MaxPool2d(kernel_size=5, stride=1, padding=2, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False)
)
(classifier): Sequential(
(0): Linear(in_features=65536, out_features=100, bias=True)
(1): ReLU()
(2): Linear(in_features=100, out_features=4, bias=True)
)
)

2.查看模型详细

# 统计模型参数量以及其他指标
import torchsummary as summary
print(summary.summary(model, (3, 224, 224)))

通过调用torchsummary.summary(model, (3, 224, 224))函数，将打印出以下信息：

模型的总参数数量：表示模型中所有参数的总数量。
每一层的参数数量：表示每一层（包括卷积层、全连接层等）的参数数量。
模型的整体结构：以表格形式展示模型的各个层级结构，包括输入尺寸、输出尺寸和可训练参数数量等。

----------------------------------------------------------------
Layer (type) Output Shape Param #
================================================================
Conv2d-1 [-1, 64, 113, 113] 1,728
BatchNorm2d-2 [-1, 64, 113, 113] 128
SiLU-3 [-1, 64, 113, 113] 0
Conv-4 [-1, 64, 113, 113] 0
Conv2d-5 [-1, 128, 57, 57] 73,728
BatchNorm2d-6 [-1, 128, 57, 57] 256
SiLU-7 [-1, 128, 57, 57] 0
Conv-8 [-1, 128, 57, 57] 0
Conv2d-9 [-1, 64, 57, 57] 8,192
BatchNorm2d-10 [-1, 64, 57, 57] 128
SiLU-11 [-1, 64, 57, 57] 0
Conv-12 [-1, 64, 57, 57] 0
Conv2d-13 [-1, 64, 57, 57] 4,096
BatchNorm2d-14 [-1, 64, 57, 57] 128
SiLU-15 [-1, 64, 57, 57] 0
Conv-16 [-1, 64, 57, 57] 0
Conv2d-17 [-1, 64, 57, 57] 36,864
BatchNorm2d-18 [-1, 64, 57, 57] 128
SiLU-19 [-1, 64, 57, 57] 0
Conv-20 [-1, 64, 57, 57] 0
Bottleneck-21 [-1, 64, 57, 57] 0
Conv2d-22 [-1, 64, 57, 57] 8,192
BatchNorm2d-23 [-1, 64, 57, 57] 128
SiLU-24 [-1, 64, 57, 57] 0
Conv-25 [-1, 64, 57, 57] 0
Conv2d-26 [-1, 128, 57, 57] 16,384
BatchNorm2d-27 [-1, 128, 57, 57] 256
SiLU-28 [-1, 128, 57, 57] 0
Conv-29 [-1, 128, 57, 57] 0
C3-30 [-1, 128, 57, 57] 0
Conv2d-31 [-1, 256, 29, 29] 294,912
BatchNorm2d-32 [-1, 256, 29, 29] 512
SiLU-33 [-1, 256, 29, 29] 0
Conv-34 [-1, 256, 29, 29] 0
Conv2d-35 [-1, 128, 29, 29] 32,768
BatchNorm2d-36 [-1, 128, 29, 29] 256
SiLU-37 [-1, 128, 29, 29] 0
Conv-38 [-1, 128, 29, 29] 0
Conv2d-39 [-1, 128, 29, 29] 16,384
BatchNorm2d-40 [-1, 128, 29, 29] 256
SiLU-41 [-1, 128, 29, 29] 0
Conv-42 [-1, 128, 29, 29] 0
Conv2d-43 [-1, 128, 29, 29] 147,456
BatchNorm2d-44 [-1, 128, 29, 29] 256
SiLU-45 [-1, 128, 29, 29] 0
Conv-46 [-1, 128, 29, 29] 0
Bottleneck-47 [-1, 128, 29, 29] 0
Conv2d-48 [-1, 128, 29, 29] 32,768
BatchNorm2d-49 [-1, 128, 29, 29] 256
SiLU-50 [-1, 128, 29, 29] 0
Conv-51 [-1, 128, 29, 29] 0
Conv2d-52 [-1, 256, 29, 29] 65,536
BatchNorm2d-53 [-1, 256, 29, 29] 512
SiLU-54 [-1, 256, 29, 29] 0
Conv-55 [-1, 256, 29, 29] 0
C3-56 [-1, 256, 29, 29] 0
Conv2d-57 [-1, 512, 15, 15] 1,179,648
BatchNorm2d-58 [-1, 512, 15, 15] 1,024
SiLU-59 [-1, 512, 15, 15] 0
Conv-60 [-1, 512, 15, 15] 0
Conv2d-61 [-1, 256, 15, 15] 131,072
BatchNorm2d-62 [-1, 256, 15, 15] 512
SiLU-63 [-1, 256, 15, 15] 0
Conv-64 [-1, 256, 15, 15] 0
Conv2d-65 [-1, 256, 15, 15] 65,536
BatchNorm2d-66 [-1, 256, 15, 15] 512
SiLU-67 [-1, 256, 15, 15] 0
Conv-68 [-1, 256, 15, 15] 0
Conv2d-69 [-1, 256, 15, 15] 589,824
BatchNorm2d-70 [-1, 256, 15, 15] 512
SiLU-71 [-1, 256, 15, 15] 0
Conv-72 [-1, 256, 15, 15] 0
Bottleneck-73 [-1, 256, 15, 15] 0
Conv2d-74 [-1, 256, 15, 15] 131,072
BatchNorm2d-75 [-1, 256, 15, 15] 512
SiLU-76 [-1, 256, 15, 15] 0
Conv-77 [-1, 256, 15, 15] 0
Conv2d-78 [-1, 512, 15, 15] 262,144
BatchNorm2d-79 [-1, 512, 15, 15] 1,024
SiLU-80 [-1, 512, 15, 15] 0
Conv-81 [-1, 512, 15, 15] 0
C3-82 [-1, 512, 15, 15] 0
Conv2d-83 [-1, 1024, 8, 8] 4,718,592
BatchNorm2d-84 [-1, 1024, 8, 8] 2,048
SiLU-85 [-1, 1024, 8, 8] 0
Conv-86 [-1, 1024, 8, 8] 0
Conv2d-87 [-1, 512, 8, 8] 524,288
BatchNorm2d-88 [-1, 512, 8, 8] 1,024
SiLU-89 [-1, 512, 8, 8] 0
Conv-90 [-1, 512, 8, 8] 0
Conv2d-91 [-1, 512, 8, 8] 262,144
BatchNorm2d-92 [-1, 512, 8, 8] 1,024
SiLU-93 [-1, 512, 8, 8] 0
Conv-94 [-1, 512, 8, 8] 0
Conv2d-95 [-1, 512, 8, 8] 2,359,296
BatchNorm2d-96 [-1, 512, 8, 8] 1,024
SiLU-97 [-1, 512, 8, 8] 0
Conv-98 [-1, 512, 8, 8] 0
Bottleneck-99 [-1, 512, 8, 8] 0
Conv2d-100 [-1, 512, 8, 8] 524,288
BatchNorm2d-101 [-1, 512, 8, 8] 1,024
SiLU-102 [-1, 512, 8, 8] 0
Conv-103 [-1, 512, 8, 8] 0
Conv2d-104 [-1, 1024, 8, 8] 1,048,576
BatchNorm2d-105 [-1, 1024, 8, 8] 2,048
SiLU-106 [-1, 1024, 8, 8] 0
Conv-107 [-1, 1024, 8, 8] 0
C3-108 [-1, 1024, 8, 8] 0
Conv2d-109 [-1, 512, 8, 8] 524,288
BatchNorm2d-110 [-1, 512, 8, 8] 1,024
SiLU-111 [-1, 512, 8, 8] 0
Conv-112 [-1, 512, 8, 8] 0
MaxPool2d-113 [-1, 512, 8, 8] 0
MaxPool2d-114 [-1, 512, 8, 8] 0
MaxPool2d-115 [-1, 512, 8, 8] 0
Conv2d-116 [-1, 1024, 8, 8] 2,097,152
BatchNorm2d-117 [-1, 1024, 8, 8] 2,048
SiLU-118 [-1, 1024, 8, 8] 0
Conv-119 [-1, 1024, 8, 8] 0
SPPF-120 [-1, 1024, 8, 8] 0
Linear-121 [-1, 100] 6,553,700
ReLU-122 [-1, 100] 0
Linear-123 [-1, 4] 404
================================================================
Total params: 21,729,592
Trainable params: 21,729,592
Non-trainable params: 0
----------------------------------------------------------------
Input size (MB): 0.57
Forward/backward pass size (MB): 137.59
Params size (MB): 82.89
Estimated Total Size (MB): 221.06
----------------------------------------------------------------

三、训练模型

1.编写训练函数

# 训练循环
def train(dataloader, model, loss_fn, optimizer):
    size = len(dataloader.dataset)  # 训练集的大小
    num_batches = len(dataloader)   # 批次数目, (size/batch_size，向上取整)

    train_loss, train_acc = 0, 0  # 初始化训练损失和正确率
    
    for X, y in dataloader:  # 获取图片及其标签
        X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)
        
        # 计算预测误差
        pred = model(X)          # 网络输出
        loss = loss_fn(pred, y)  # 计算网络输出和真实值之间的差距，targets为真实值，计算二者差值即为损失
        
        # 反向传播
        optimizer.zero_grad()  # grad属性归零
        loss.backward()        # 反向传播
        optimizer.step()       # 每一步自动更新
        
        # 记录acc与loss
        train_acc  += (pred.argmax(1) == y).type(torch.float).sum().item()
        train_loss += loss.item()
            
    train_acc  /= size
    train_loss /= num_batches

    return train_acc, train_loss

在for循环中，代码遍历dataloader中的每个批次，每次迭代都会获取一批图像和对应的标签，其中X表示图像，y表示标签。

代码计算神经网络模型model对图像X的预测输出，并使用loss_fn函数计算预测输出和真实标签y之间的差距，将结果赋值给变量loss。

在每次迭代中，代码还记录了预测准确的样本数量，并将其累加到train_acc中。同时，将损失值loss.item()累加到train_loss中。

循环结束后，代码根据训练集的大小和批次数目，计算平均训练准确率train_acc和平均训练损失train_loss。

2.编写测试函数

测试函数和训练函数大致相同，但是由于不进行梯度下降对网络权重进行更新，所以不需要传入优化器

def test (dataloader, model, loss_fn):
    size        = len(dataloader.dataset)  # 测试集的大小
    num_batches = len(dataloader)          # 批次数目, (size/batch_size，向上取整)
    test_loss, test_acc = 0, 0
    
    # 当不进行训练时，停止梯度更新，节省计算内存消耗
    with torch.no_grad():
        for imgs, target in dataloader:
            imgs, target = imgs.to(device), target.to(device)
            
            # 计算loss
            target_pred = model(imgs)
            loss        = loss_fn(target_pred, target)
            
            test_loss += loss.item()
            test_acc  += (target_pred.argmax(1) == target).type(torch.float).sum().item()

    test_acc  /= size
    test_loss /= num_batches

    return test_acc, test_loss

在for循环中，代码遍历dataloader中的每个批次，在每次迭代中获取一批图像数据imgs和对应的标签target。同样地，将图像数据和标签转移到调用代码的设备上。然后，代码使用神经网络模型model对图像数据imgs进行预测，并使用loss_fn函数计算预测输出和真实标签target之间的差距，将结果赋值给变量loss。

循环结束后，代码根据测试集的大小和批次数目，计算平均测试准确率test_acc和平均测试损失test_loss。

3.正式训练

import copy

optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=1e-4)
loss_fn = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()  # 创建损失函数

epochs = 20

train_loss = []
train_acc = []
test_loss = []
test_acc = []

best_acc = 0  # 设置一个最佳准确率，作为最佳模型的判别指标

for epoch in range(epochs):

    model.train()
    epoch_train_acc, epoch_train_loss = train(train_dl, model, loss_fn, optimizer)

    model.eval()
    epoch_test_acc, epoch_test_loss = test(test_dl, model, loss_fn)

    # 保存最佳模型到 best_model
    if epoch_test_acc > best_acc:
        best_acc = epoch_test_acc
        best_model = copy.deepcopy(model)

    train_acc.append(epoch_train_acc)
    train_loss.append(epoch_train_loss)
    test_acc.append(epoch_test_acc)
    test_loss.append(epoch_test_loss)

    # 获取当前的学习率
    lr = optimizer.state_dict()['param_groups'][0]['lr']

    template = ('Epoch:{:2d}, Train_acc:{:.1f}%, Train_loss:{:.3f}, Test_acc:{:.1f}%, Test_loss:{:.3f}, Lr:{:.2E}')
    print(template.format(epoch + 1, epoch_train_acc * 100, epoch_train_loss,
                          epoch_test_acc * 100, epoch_test_loss, lr))

# 保存最佳模型到文件中
PATH = 'E:\pythonProject pytorch\best_model.pth'  # 保存的参数文件名
torch.save(model.state_dict(), PATH)

print('Done')

Epoch: 1, Train_acc:54.4%, Train_loss:1.134, Test_acc:68.9%, Test_loss:0.750, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 2, Train_acc:64.2%, Train_loss:0.833, Test_acc:74.7%, Test_loss:0.660, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 3, Train_acc:70.3%, Train_loss:0.692, Test_acc:84.4%, Test_loss:0.367, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 4, Train_acc:74.9%, Train_loss:0.642, Test_acc:82.2%, Test_loss:0.503, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 5, Train_acc:76.1%, Train_loss:0.584, Test_acc:79.6%, Test_loss:0.522, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 6, Train_acc:78.1%, Train_loss:0.541, Test_acc:78.7%, Test_loss:0.539, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 7, Train_acc:81.0%, Train_loss:0.472, Test_acc:80.4%, Test_loss:0.623, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 8, Train_acc:80.8%, Train_loss:0.561, Test_acc:94.7%, Test_loss:0.230, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 9, Train_acc:86.2%, Train_loss:0.378, Test_acc:90.2%, Test_loss:0.266, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:10, Train_acc:87.8%, Train_loss:0.318, Test_acc:91.6%, Test_loss:0.284, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:11, Train_acc:89.4%, Train_loss:0.297, Test_acc:91.1%, Test_loss:0.209, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:12, Train_acc:91.0%, Train_loss:0.242, Test_acc:96.9%, Test_loss:0.140, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:13, Train_acc:90.1%, Train_loss:0.271, Test_acc:92.0%, Test_loss:0.299, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:14, Train_acc:91.8%, Train_loss:0.233, Test_acc:89.8%, Test_loss:0.332, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:15, Train_acc:93.8%, Train_loss:0.192, Test_acc:95.1%, Test_loss:0.171, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:16, Train_acc:92.8%, Train_loss:0.206, Test_acc:89.3%, Test_loss:0.416, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:17, Train_acc:95.8%, Train_loss:0.119, Test_acc:95.1%, Test_loss:0.184, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:18, Train_acc:92.8%, Train_loss:0.220, Test_acc:91.1%, Test_loss:0.256, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:19, Train_acc:95.8%, Train_loss:0.141, Test_acc:93.8%, Test_loss:0.282, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:20, Train_acc:95.0%, Train_loss:0.114, Test_acc:92.0%, Test_loss:0.221, Lr:1.00E-04

四、结果可视化
1. Loss与Accuracy图

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
#隐藏警告
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")               #忽略警告信息
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']    = ['SimHei'] # 用来正常显示中文标签
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False      # 用来正常显示负号
plt.rcParams['figure.dpi']         = 100        #分辨率

epochs_range = range(epochs)

plt.figure(figsize=(12, 3))
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)

plt.plot(epochs_range, train_acc, label='Training Accuracy')
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_acc, label='Test Accuracy')
plt.legend(loc='lower right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Accuracy')

plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.plot(epochs_range, train_loss, label='Training Loss')
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_loss, label='Test Loss')
plt.legend(loc='upper right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Loss')
plt.show()