three.js加载和使用纹理-lightMap使用光照贴图创建假阴影(vue中使用three.js76)

1.demo效果

如上图通过光照贴图实现了物体的阴影

2. 相关知识点

在场景中为物体添加阴影，可以增加物体的立体感，但是通过计算实现阴影非常耗费性能，人们总会想办法通过其他方式实现相同的效果，比如通过光照贴图创建假阴影，通过这种方式创建阴影，有优点也有缺点，优点是可以创建出解析度很高的阴影而且不损耗性能，缺点 是只能用于静态场景

3. 实现要点

3.1 创建模型

这一步将会创建一个大方块，一个小方块，代码如下

// 创建模型
createModels() {
  //加载纹理贴图
  const publicPath = process.env.BASE_URL
  const texture = new THREE.TextureLoader().load(
    `${publicPath}textures/general/stone.jpg`
  )

  const material = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial()
  material.map = texture

  //创建大方块
  this.cube1 = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(12, 12, 12), material)
  this.cube1.position.set(0.9, 6, -12)
  this.scene.add(this.cube1)
  //创建小方块
  this.cube2 = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(6, 6, 6), material)
  this.cube2.position.set(-13.2, 3, -6)
  this.scene.add(this.cube2)
  // console.log(this.cube2.geometry.faceVertexUvs)

  this.createFloor()
}

3.2 创建带阴影的地板

这里首先需要加载地板的木质地板纹理和光照贴图纹理，然后把它们分别设置为材质的map属性和lightMap属性，之后使用这个材质创建网格对象，还有一点需要注意，要为光照贴图指定UV映射，这样可以将光照贴图与其他纹理独立开来

createFloor() {
  const publicPath = process.env.BASE_URL

  const groundGeom = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(95, 95, 1, 1)
  //加载光照贴图
  const lightMap = new THREE.TextureLoader().load(
    `${publicPath}textures/lightmap/lm-1.png`
  )
  //加载创建底板的纹理贴图
  const wood = new THREE.TextureLoader().load(
    `${publicPath}textures/general/floor-wood.jpg`
  )
  const groundMaterial = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({
    color: 0x777777,
    lightMap: lightMap,
    map: wood
  })

  groundGeom.faceVertexUvs[1] = groundGeom.faceVertexUvs[0] //为光照贴图指定UV映射
  const groundMesh = new THREE.Mesh(groundGeom, groundMaterial)

  groundMesh.rotation.x = -Math.PI / 2
  groundMesh.position.y = 0
  this.scene.add(groundMesh)
}

4. demo代码

<template>
  <div id="container" />
</template>

<script>
import * as THREE from 'three'
import { OrbitControls } from 'three/examples/jsm/controls/OrbitControls.js'
export default {
  data() {
    return {
      cube1: null,
      cube2: null,
      camera: null,
      scene: null,
      renderer: null,
      controls: null
    }
  },
  mounted() {
    this.init()
  },
  methods: {
    // 初始化
    init() {
      this.createScene() // 创建场景
      this.createModels() // 创建模型
      this.createLight() // 创建光源
      this.createCamera() // 创建相机
      this.createRender() // 创建渲染器
      this.createControls() // 创建控件对象
      this.render() // 渲染
    },
    // 创建场景
    createScene() {
      this.scene = new THREE.Scene()
    },
    // 创建模型
    createModels() {
      //加载纹理贴图
      const publicPath = process.env.BASE_URL
      const texture = new THREE.TextureLoader().load(
        `${publicPath}textures/general/stone.jpg`
      )

      const material = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial()
      material.map = texture

      //创建大方块
      this.cube1 = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(12, 12, 12), material)
      this.cube1.position.set(0.9, 6, -12)
      this.scene.add(this.cube1)
      //创建小方块
      this.cube2 = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(6, 6, 6), material)
      this.cube2.position.set(-13.2, 3, -6)
      this.scene.add(this.cube2)
      // console.log(this.cube2.geometry.faceVertexUvs)

      this.createFloor()
    },

    createFloor() {
      const publicPath = process.env.BASE_URL

      const groundGeom = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(95, 95, 1, 1)
      //加载光照贴图
      const lightMap = new THREE.TextureLoader().load(
        `${publicPath}textures/lightmap/lm-1.png`
      )
      //加载创建底板的纹理贴图
      const wood = new THREE.TextureLoader().load(
        `${publicPath}textures/general/floor-wood.jpg`
      )
      const groundMaterial = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({
        color: 0x777777,
        lightMap: lightMap,
        map: wood
      })

      groundGeom.faceVertexUvs[1] = groundGeom.faceVertexUvs[0] //为光照贴图指定UV映射
      const groundMesh = new THREE.Mesh(groundGeom, groundMaterial)

      groundMesh.rotation.x = -Math.PI / 2
      groundMesh.position.y = 0
      this.scene.add(groundMesh)
    },
    // 创建光源
    createLight() {
      // 环境光
      const ambientLight = new THREE.AmbientLight(0xffffff, 0.1) // 创建环境光
      this.scene.add(ambientLight) // 将环境光添加到场景
    },
    // 创建相机
    createCamera() {
      const element = document.getElementById('container')
      const width = element.clientWidth // 窗口宽度
      const height = element.clientHeight // 窗口高度
      const k = width / height // 窗口宽高比
      // PerspectiveCamera( fov, aspect, near, far )
      this.camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(45, k, 0.1, 1000)
      this.camera.position.set(-20, 20, 30) // 设置相机位置

      this.camera.lookAt(new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, 0)) // 设置相机方向
      this.scene.add(this.camera)
    },
    // 创建渲染器
    createRender() {
      const element = document.getElementById('container')
      this.renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({ antialias: true, alpha: true })
      this.renderer.setSize(element.clientWidth, element.clientHeight) // 设置渲染区域尺寸
      this.renderer.shadowMap.enabled = true // 显示阴影
      // this.renderer.shadowMap.type = THREE.PCFSoftShadowMap
      this.renderer.setClearColor(0xeeeeee, 1) // 设置背景颜色
      element.appendChild(this.renderer.domElement)
    },

    render() {
      this.renderer.render(this.scene, this.camera)
      requestAnimationFrame(this.render)
    },
    // 创建控件对象
    createControls() {
      this.controls = new OrbitControls(this.camera, this.renderer.domElement)
    }
  }
}
</script>

<style>
#container {
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
}
.controls-box {
  position: absolute;
  right: 5px;
  top: 5px;
  width: 300px;
  padding: 10px;
  background-color: #fff;
  border: 1px solid #c3c3c3;
}
.label-col {
  padding: 8px 5px;
}

.vertice-span {
  line-height: 38px;
  padding: 0 2px 0 10px;
}
</style>