一、I2C
"软件I2C"和"硬件I2C"都是指用于实现I2C(Inter-Integrated Circuit,双线串行总线)通信协议的不同方法。
需要注意的是,软件I2C和硬件I2C在使用上有一些差异,特别是在初始化、配置和操作方面。具体的方法和接口可能因不同的平台和微控制器而有所不同,因此在实际应用中需要根据具体的硬件和软件环境选择合适的I2C实现方式。
1.软件I2C
软件I2C是通过使用软件来模拟实现I2C协议的通信。在软件I2C中,通信线(SDA和SCL)通常连接到微控制器的普通GPIO引脚。通过编程控制这些引脚的状态变化,可以模拟I2C的数据传输和时钟信号。软件I2C通常需要使用延时函数来控制数据的传输速率和时序,因为整个过程是由软件来处理的。
软件I2C的优点是可以在没有硬件I2C接口的设备上实现I2C通信。它不依赖于特定的硬件,因此可以在各种平台和微控制器上使用。然而,由于软件I2C是通过软件模拟的,其速度可能相对较慢,并且对CPU的处理能力要求较高。
2.硬件I2C
硬件I2C是通过专门的硬件接口来实现I2C协议的通信。现代的微控制器和一些集成电路芯片通常都具有硬件I2C接口。这些接口内置了I2C通信所需的电路和逻辑,能够直接处理I2C协议的数据传输和时序。
硬件I2C的优点是速度较快,因为通信过程由硬件自动处理,无需CPU的干预。它也能提供更稳定和准确的时序,从而实现更可靠的数据传输。由于硬件I2C接口是专门设计的,因此在性能和可靠性方面通常优于软件I2C。
二、编程实现
对温湿度模块呼气产生了变化,如上图所示。
代码片段如下:
#include "delay.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "bsp_i2c.h"
int main(void)
{
delay_init();
uart_init(115200);
IIC_Init();
while(1)
{
printf("开始测量: ");
read_AHT20_once();
delay_ms(1500);
}
}
#include "bsp_i2c.h"
#include "delay.h"
uint8_t ack_status=0;
uint8_t readByte[6];
uint8_t AHT20_status=0;
uint32_t H1=0; //Humility
uint32_t T1=0; //Temperature
uint8_t AHT20_OutData[4];
uint8_t AHT20sendOutData[10] = {0xFA, 0x06, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF};
void IIC_Init(void)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd( RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE );
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_6|GPIO_Pin_7;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_PP ; //Ȫ?ȪȬȺ?3?
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);
IIC_SCL=1;
IIC_SDA=1;
}
//2ȲȦȲIIC?eȺ?D?o?
void IIC_Start(void)
{
SDA_OUT(); //sda??Ⱥ?3?
IIC_SDA=1;
IIC_SCL=1;
delay_us(4);
IIC_SDA=0;//START:when CLK is high,DATA change form high to low
delay_us(4);
IIC_SCL=0;//?e?I2Cȹ??ª??€?d©?Ȫ?Ȱ?ȮȺ?Ⱥy?Y
}
//2ȲȦȲIICȪª?1D?o?
void IIC_Stop(void)
{
SDA_OUT();//sda??Ⱥ?3?
IIC_SCL=0;
IIC_SDA=0;//STOP:when CLK is high DATA change form low to high
delay_us(4);
IIC_SCL=1;
IIC_SDA=1;//d©?ȪI2Cȹ???ȢȺ?D?o?
delay_us(4);
}
//njȨ¤yȮ|¤eD?o?nj?Ȥ¤
//dnj???njªo1ª??ȮȺ?Ȯ|¤eȺ¬£ȹ
// 0ª??ȮȺ?Ȯ|¤e3Ȧ1|
u8 IIC_Wait_Ack(void)
{
u8 ucErrTime=0;
SDA_IN(); //SDAȦȨ???aȺ?Ȩ?
IIC_SDA=1;delay_us(1);
IIC_SCL=1;delay_us(1);
while(READ_SDA)
{
ucErrTime++;
if(ucErrTime>250)
{
IIC_Stop();
return 1;
}
}
IIC_SCL=0;//Ⱥ€?ȮȺ?3?0
return 0;
}
//2ȲȦȲACKȮ|¤e
void IIC_Ack(void)
{
IIC_SCL=0;
SDA_OUT();
IIC_SDA=0;
delay_us(2);
IIC_SCL=1;
delay_us(2);
IIC_SCL=0;
}
//2?2ȲȦȲACKȮ|¤e
void IIC_NAck(void)
{
IIC_SCL=0;
SDA_OUT();
IIC_SDA=1;
delay_us(2);
IIC_SCL=1;
delay_us(2);
IIC_SCL=0;
}
//IICd©?ȪȰ?????Ȳ
//dnj??¤Ȯ?ȲȮD?TȮ|¤e
//1ª?ȮDȮ|¤e
//0ª??TȮ|¤e
void IIC_Send_Byte(u8 txd)
{
u8 t;
SDA_OUT();
IIC_SCL=0;//Ȥ-njȪȺ€?Ȯ?aȺ?Ⱥy?Y¤?Ⱥ?
for(t=0;t<8;t++)
{
IIC_SDA=(txd&0x80)>>7;
txd<<=1;
delay_us(2); //??TEA5767?aȨy???ȮȺ€??Ⱥ?€?D?nj?
IIC_SCL=1;
delay_us(2);
IIC_SCL=0;
delay_us(2);
}
}
//?Ȣ1????Ȳª?ack=1Ⱥ€ª?d©?ȪACKª?ack=0ª?d©?ȪnACK
u8 IIC_Read_Byte(unsigned char ack)
{
unsigned char i,receive=0;
SDA_IN();//SDAȦȨ???aȺ?Ȩ?
for(i=0;i<8;i++ )
{
IIC_SCL=0;
delay_us(2);
IIC_SCL=1;
receive<<=1;
if(READ_SDA)receive++;
delay_us(1);
}
if (!ack)
IIC_NAck();//d©?ȪnACK
else
IIC_Ack(); //d©?ȪACK
return receive;
}
void IIC_WriteByte(uint16_t addr,uint8_t data,uint8_t device_addr)
{
IIC_Start();
if(device_addr==0xA0) //eepromnj??d¤ȮȮȲ1??Ȳ
IIC_Send_Byte(0xA0 + ((addr/256)<<1));//d©?Ȫ??nj??d
else
IIC_Send_Byte(device_addr); //d©?‚?tnj??d
IIC_Wait_Ack();
IIC_Send_Byte(addr&0xFF); //d©?ȪnjȪnj??d
IIC_Wait_Ack();
IIC_Send_Byte(data); //d©?Ȫ??Ȳ
IIC_Wait_Ack();
IIC_Stop();//2ȲȦȲȰ???Ȫª?1Ȭ??t
if(device_addr==0xA0) //
delay_ms(10);
else
delay_us(2);
}
uint16_t IIC_ReadByte(uint16_t addr,uint8_t device_addr,uint8_t ByteNumToRead) //?Ȣ??¤??‚?Ȱ?ȢȺy?Y
{
uint16_t data;
IIC_Start();
if(device_addr==0xA0)
IIC_Send_Byte(0xA0 + ((addr/256)<<1));
else
IIC_Send_Byte(device_addr);
IIC_Wait_Ack();
IIC_Send_Byte(addr&0xFF); //d©?ȪnjȪnj??d
IIC_Wait_Ack();
IIC_Start();
IIC_Send_Byte(device_addr+1); //d©?‚?tnj??d
IIC_Wait_Ack();
if(ByteNumToRead == 1)//LM75???ȨȺy?Y?a11bit
{
data=IIC_Read_Byte(0);
}
else
{
data=IIC_Read_Byte(1);
data=(data<<8)+IIC_Read_Byte(0);
}
IIC_Stop();//2ȲȦȲȰ???Ȫª?1Ȭ??t
return data;
}
/**********
*Ȧ???2?d??aIO?Ȳ?ª?ȦI2C????
*
*¤Ȯ?aȰ????aȺ??aAHT20nj?????I2C
*oeȺy??ȮDIICoȪI2Cnj???€eª???©Ȱaª?ª?ª?ª?ª?
*
*2020/2/23?oȮDT??Ȩ??Ȳ
*
***********/
void read_AHT20_once(void)
{
delay_ms(10);
reset_AHT20();
delay_ms(10);
init_AHT20();
delay_ms(10);
startMeasure_AHT20();
delay_ms(80);
read_AHT20();
delay_ms(5);
}
void reset_AHT20(void)
{
I2C_Start();
I2C_WriteByte(0x70);
ack_status = Receive_ACK();
//if(ack_status) printf("1");
//else printf("1-n-");
I2C_WriteByte(0xBA);
ack_status = Receive_ACK();
//if(ack_status) printf("2");
//else printf("2-n-");
I2C_Stop();
/*
AHT20_OutData[0] = 0;
AHT20_OutData[1] = 0;
AHT20_OutData[2] = 0;
AHT20_OutData[3] = 0;
*/
}
void init_AHT20(void)
{
I2C_Start();
I2C_WriteByte(0x70);
ack_status = Receive_ACK();
//if(ack_status) printf("3");
//else printf("3-n-");
I2C_WriteByte(0xE1);
ack_status = Receive_ACK();
//if(ack_status) printf("4");
//else printf("4-n-");
I2C_WriteByte(0x08);
ack_status = Receive_ACK();
//if(ack_status) printf("5");
//else printf("5-n-");
I2C_WriteByte(0x00);
ack_status = Receive_ACK();
//if(ack_status) printf("6");
//else printf("6-n-");
I2C_Stop();
}
void startMeasure_AHT20(void)
{
//------------
I2C_Start();
I2C_WriteByte(0x70);
ack_status = Receive_ACK();
//if(ack_status) printf("7");
//else printf("7-n-");
I2C_WriteByte(0xAC);
ack_status = Receive_ACK();
//if(ack_status) printf("8");
//else printf("8-n-");
I2C_WriteByte(0x33);
ack_status = Receive_ACK();
//if(ack_status) printf("9");
//else printf("9-n-");
I2C_WriteByte(0x00);
ack_status = Receive_ACK();
//if(ack_status) printf("10");
//else printf("10-n-");
I2C_Stop();
}
void read_AHT20(void)
{
uint8_t i;
for(i=0; i<6; i++)
{
readByte[i]=0;
}
//-------------
I2C_Start();
I2C_WriteByte(0x71);
ack_status = Receive_ACK();
readByte[0]= I2C_ReadByte();
Send_ACK();
readByte[1]= I2C_ReadByte();
Send_ACK();
readByte[2]= I2C_ReadByte();
Send_ACK();
readByte[3]= I2C_ReadByte();
Send_ACK();
readByte[4]= I2C_ReadByte();
Send_ACK();
readByte[5]= I2C_ReadByte();
SendNot_Ack();
//Send_ACK();
I2C_Stop();
//--------------
if( (readByte[0] & 0x68) == 0x08 )
{
H1 = readByte[1];
H1 = (H1<<8) | readByte[2];
H1 = (H1<<8) | readByte[3];
H1 = H1>>4;
H1 = (H1*1000)/1024/1024;
T1 = readByte[3];
T1 = T1 & 0x0000000F;
T1 = (T1<<8) | readByte[4];
T1 = (T1<<8) | readByte[5];
T1 = (T1*2000)/1024/1024 - 500;
AHT20_OutData[0] = (H1>>8) & 0x000000FF;
AHT20_OutData[1] = H1 & 0x000000FF;
AHT20_OutData[2] = (T1>>8) & 0x000000FF;
AHT20_OutData[3] = T1 & 0x000000FF;
}
else
{
AHT20_OutData[0] = 0xFF;
AHT20_OutData[1] = 0xFF;
AHT20_OutData[2] = 0xFF;
AHT20_OutData[3] = 0xFF;
//printf("lyy");
}
printf("\r\n");
printf("温度:%d%d.%d",T1/100,(T1/10)%10,T1%10);
printf("湿度:%d%d.%d",H1/100,(H1/10)%10,H1%10);
printf("\r\n");
}
uint8_t Receive_ACK(void)
{
uint8_t result=0;
uint8_t cnt=0;
IIC_SCL = 0;
SDA_IN();
delay_us(4);
IIC_SCL = 1;
delay_us(4);
while(READ_SDA && (cnt<100))
{
cnt++;
}
IIC_SCL = 0;
delay_us(4);
if(cnt<100)
{
result=1;
}
return result;
}
void Send_ACK(void)
{
SDA_OUT();
IIC_SCL = 0;
delay_us(4);
IIC_SDA = 0;
delay_us(4);
IIC_SCL = 1;
delay_us(4);
IIC_SCL = 0;
delay_us(4);
SDA_IN();
}
void SendNot_Ack(void)
{
SDA_OUT();
IIC_SCL = 0;
delay_us(4);
IIC_SDA = 1;
delay_us(4);
IIC_SCL = 1;
delay_us(4);
IIC_SCL = 0;
delay_us(4);
IIC_SDA = 0;
delay_us(4);
}
void I2C_WriteByte(uint8_t input)
{
uint8_t i;
SDA_OUT();
for(i=0; i<8; i++)
{
IIC_SCL = 0;
delay_ms(5);
if(input & 0x80)
{
IIC_SDA = 1;
//delaymm(10);
}
else
{
IIC_SDA = 0;
//delaymm(10);
}
IIC_SCL = 1;
delay_ms(5);
input = (input<<1);
}
IIC_SCL = 0;
delay_us(4);
SDA_IN();
delay_us(4);
}
uint8_t I2C_ReadByte(void)
{
uint8_t resultByte=0;
uint8_t i=0, a=0;
IIC_SCL = 0;
SDA_IN();
delay_ms(4);
for(i=0; i<8; i++)
{
IIC_SCL = 1;
delay_ms(3);
a=0;
if(READ_SDA)
{
a=1;
}
else
{
a=0;
}
//resultByte = resultByte | a;
resultByte = (resultByte << 1) | a;
IIC_SCL = 0;
delay_ms(3);
}
SDA_IN();
delay_ms(10);
return resultByte;
}
void set_AHT20sendOutData(void)
{
/* --------------------------
* 0xFA 0x06 0x0A temperature(2 Bytes) humility(2Bytes) short Address(2 Bytes)
* And Check (1 byte)
* -------------------------*/
AHT20sendOutData[3] = AHT20_OutData[0];
AHT20sendOutData[4] = AHT20_OutData[1];
AHT20sendOutData[5] = AHT20_OutData[2];
AHT20sendOutData[6] = AHT20_OutData[3];
// AHT20sendOutData[7] = (drf1609.shortAddress >> 8) & 0x00FF;
// AHT20sendOutData[8] = drf1609.shortAddress & 0x00FF;
// AHT20sendOutData[9] = getXY(AHT20sendOutData,10);
}
void I2C_Start(void)
{
SDA_OUT();
IIC_SCL = 1;
delay_ms(4);
IIC_SDA = 1;
delay_ms(4);
IIC_SDA = 0;
delay_ms(4);
IIC_SCL = 0;
delay_ms(4);
}
void I2C_Stop(void)
{
SDA_OUT();
IIC_SDA = 0;
delay_ms(4);
IIC_SCL = 1;
delay_ms(4);
IIC_SDA = 1;
delay_ms(4);
}