Linux内核中提供了timer使用的API,做一个简单的记要。
1. 包含的头文件:linux/timer.h
2. 数据类型:struct timer_list;
包含的主要成员:
a. data:传递到超时处理函数的参数,主要在多个定时器同时使用时,区别是哪个timer超时。
b. expires:定时器超时的时间,以linux的jiffies来衡量。
c. void (*function)(unsigned long):定时器超时处理函数。
3. 主要相关的API函数:
a. init_timer(struct timer_list*):定时器初始化函数;
b. add_timer(struct timer_list*):往系统添加定时器;
c. mod_timer(struct timer_list *, unsigned long jiffier_timerout):修改定时器的超时时间为jiffies_timerout;
d. timer_pending(struct timer_list *):定时器状态查询,如果在系统的定时器列表中则返回1,否则返回0;
e. del_timer(struct timer_list*):删除定时器。
4. 时间与jiffies的转换函数:
Linux系统中的jiffies类似于Windows里面的TickCount,它是定义在内核里面的一个全局变量,只是它的单位并不是秒或是毫秒。通常是250个jiffies为一秒,在内核里面可以直接使用宏定义:HZ。这里有几个时间和jiffies的相互转换函数:
unsigned int jiffies_to_msecs(unsigned long);
unsigned int jiffies_to_usecs(unsigned long);
unsigned long msecs_to_jiffies(unsigned int);
unsigned long usecs_to_jiffies(unsigned int);
5. 使用简例:
步骤:init_timer->[timer.expires=? & timer.function=?]->add_timer->[mod_timer]->del_timer.
<code class="hljs perl has-numbering"><span class="hljs-comment">#include <linux/init.h></span> <span class="hljs-comment">#include <linux/module.h></span> <span class="hljs-comment">#include <linux/timer.h></span> struct timer_list timer; void timer_handler(unsigned long data) { printk(KERN_INFO<span class="hljs-string">"timer pending:<span class="hljs-variable">%d</span>\n"</span>, timer_pending(&timer)); mod_timer(&timer, jiffies+msecs_to_jiffies(<span class="hljs-number">1000</span>)); printk(KERN_INFO<span class="hljs-string">"jiffies:<span class="hljs-variable">%ld</span>, data:<span class="hljs-variable">%ld</span>\n"</span>, jiffies, data); } <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> timer_init(void) { printk(KERN_INFO<span class="hljs-string">"<span class="hljs-variable">%s</span> jiffies:<span class="hljs-variable">%ld</span>\n"</span>, __func_<span class="hljs-number">_</span>, jiffies); printk(KERN_INFO<span class="hljs-string">"ji:<span class="hljs-variable">%d</span>,HZ:<span class="hljs-variable">%d</span>\n"</span>, jiffies_to_msecs(<span class="hljs-number">250</span>), HZ); init_timer(&timer); timer.data = <span class="hljs-number">45</span>; timer.function = timer_handler; timer.expires = jiffies + HZ; add_timer(&timer); printk(KERN_INFO<span class="hljs-string">"timer pending:<span class="hljs-variable">%d</span>\n"</span>, timer_pending(&timer)); <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; } void timer_exit(void) { printk(KERN_INFO<span class="hljs-string">"<span class="hljs-variable">%s</span> jiffies:<span class="hljs-variable">%ld</span>\n"</span>, __func_<span class="hljs-number">_</span>, jiffies); del_timer(&timer); } module_init(timer_init); module_exit(timer_exit); MODULE_LICENSE(<span class="hljs-string">"GPL"</span>);</code>