ubuntu16.04/18.04安装vscode和opencv3.4.6教程

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一、Opencv3.4.6

1.install

1. 去官网下载opencv，在本教程中选用的时opencv3.4.6，其他版本的配置方法异曲同工。
   下载链接http://opencv.org/releases.html，选择sources版本

2. 进入下载的路径，解压下载下来的zip包

cd XXX
unzip opencv-3.4.6.zip

3. 安装一些东西（哪个不行就算了）

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install vim
sudo apt-get install g++
sudo apt-get install gcc
sudo apt-get install cmake
sudo apt-get install build-essential
sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-dev
sudo apt-get install libavcodec-dev
sudo apt-get install libavformat-dev
sudo apt-get install libswscale-dev 
sudo apt-get install libatlas-base-dev 
sudo apt-get install gfortran
sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main"
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libjasper1 libjasper-dev

4. 进入到解压后的文件包中,创建编译文件夹

cd XXX/opencv-3.4.6
mkdir Release
cd Release

5. CMAKE

cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local ..

如果以下错误：

qmake: could not exec '/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/qt4/bin/qmake': No such file     or         directory

执行以下指令：

sudo apt-get install qt5-default

6. MAKE

sudo make

7. 安装

sudo make install

8. 执行完毕后OpenCV编译过程就结束了，接下来就需要配置一些OpenCV的编译环境首先将OpenCV的库添加到路径，从而可以让系统找到

sudo gedit /etc/ld.so.conf.d/opencv.conf 

执行此命令后打开的可能是一个空白的文件，不用管，只需要在文件末尾添加

/usr/local/lib  

9. 执行如下命令使得刚才的配置路径生效

sudo ldconfig  

10. 配置bash

sudo gedit /etc/bash.bashrc  

在最末尾添加

PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig  
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH  

保存，执行如下命令使得配置生效

source /etc/bash.bashrc  

11. 更新

sudo updatedb  

2.test

cd到opencv-3.4.1/samples/cpp/example_cmake目录下
我们可以看到这个目录里官方已经给出了一个cmake的example我们可以拿来测试下

cd ..
cd samples
cd cpp
cd example_cmake
cmake .
make
./opencv_example

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参考：
ubuntu16.04安装opencv3.4.1教程
Ubuntu16.04安装OpenCV3.4.2

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二、VScode

1.下载

先下好gcc、g++

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gcc
sudo apt-get install g++

下载VScode：
图形推荐（一键式操作，第一推荐）：在ubuntu18.04版本安装vscode
在线umake：Ubuntu 16.04 安装VSCode
本地deb（不会再有问题，第二推荐）：
在官网里(https://code.visualstudio.com/Download)里下载Linux的.deb格式
然后安装

cd 文件存在的位置

sudo dpkg -i xxx.deb

2.配置

下面分为安opencv和不安的情况

（1）安装c/c++插件（都必须有）

首先通过左边栏的Extension栏目安装C++插件

（2）建立工程（都必须有）

由于VScode是以文件夹的形式管理工程的，因此我们首先新建一个文件夹

然后通过VScode打开此文件夹：File→Open Folder

新建main.cpp文件（Ctrl+N）并输入程序：

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	cout<<"Hello World\n";
	return 0;
}

保存Ctrl+S，记住要写后缀（.cpp），不然
Ubuntu下VScode编译报错：File not recongnized不可识别的文件格式

（3）配置launch.json（都必须有）

点击左侧的Debug按钮选择添加配置（Add configuration）,然后选择C++（GDB/LLDB)，然后选个Default，将自动生成launch.json文件.

{
    // Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
    // Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
    // For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "(gdb) Launch",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${workspaceRoot}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}.main.out",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": true,
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "setupCommands": [
                {
                    "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                    "ignoreFailures": true
                }
            ],
            "preLaunchTask": "build"
        }
    ]
}

（4）配置tasks.json（不安装opencv的情况）

Ctrl+Shift+P打开面板

输入Task:Configure Default Build Task
（有的要输入Edit，再输入Task:Configure Default Build Task）

{
    // See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=733558
    // for the documentation about the tasks.json format
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "command": "g++",
    "args": [
        "-g", 
        "-std=c++11", 
        "${file}", 
        "-o", 
        "${fileBasenameNoExtension}.main.out",
    ],// 编译命令参数
    "problemMatcher":{
        "owner": "cpp",
        "fileLocation":[
            "relative",
            "${workspaceFolder}"
        ],
        "pattern":[
            {
                "regexp": "^([^\\\\s].*)\\\\((\\\\d+,\\\\d+)\\\\):\\\\s*(.*)$",
                "file": 1,
                "location": 2,
                "message": 3
            }
        ]
    },
    "group": {
        "kind": "build",
        "isDefault": true
    }
}

（5）配置tasks.json（安装opencv的情况）

Ctrl+Shift+P
输入Edit
选择Task:Configure Default Build Task

{
    // See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=733558
    // for the documentation about the tasks.json format
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "tasks": [
        {
            "label": "build",
            "type": "shell",
            "command": "g++",
            "args": [
                "-g",
                "-std=c++11",
                "${file}",
                "-o",
                "${fileBasenameNoExtension}.main.out",
			        "-I", "/usr/local/include",
			        "-I", "/usr/local/include/opencv",
			        "-I", "/usr/local/include/opencv2",
			        "-L", "/usr/local/lib",
			        "-l", "opencv_core",
			        "-l", "opencv_imgproc",
			        "-l", "opencv_imgcodecs",
			        "-l", "opencv_video",
			        "-l", "opencv_ml",
			        "-l", "opencv_highgui",
			        "-l", "opencv_objdetect",
			        "-l", "opencv_flann",
			        "-l", "opencv_imgcodecs",
			        "-l", "opencv_photo",
			        "-l", "opencv_videoio"
            ],
            "problemMatcher":{
                "owner": "cpp",
                "fileLocation":[
                    "relative",
                    "${workspaceFolder}"
                ],
                "pattern":[
                    {
                        "regexp": "^([^\\\\s].*)\\\\((\\\\d+,\\\\d+)\\\\):\\\\s*(.*)$",
                        "file": 1,
                        "location": 2,
                        "message": 3
                    }
                ]
            },
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            }
        }
    ]
}

（6）c_cpp_properties.json（安opencv的情况）

Ctrl+Shift+P
输入Edit
选择C/C++:Edit Configurations(JSON)

{
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "Linux",
            "includePath": [
                "${workspaceFolder}/**",
                "/usr/include",
                "/usr/local/include/**"
            ],
            "defines": [
                "_DEBUG",
                "UNICODE",
                "_UNICODE"
            ],
            "compilerPath": "/usr/bin/cpp",
            "cStandard": "c11",
            "cppStandard": "c++11",
            "intelliSenseMode": "gcc-x64"
        }
    ],
    "version": 4
}

（7）快速查看已配置的文件

左侧Explorer→MAIN→.vscode

（8）测试一下

Try.cpp

#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
using namespace cv;
int main()
{
    
    Mat srcImage=imread("1.jpg");
    imshow("Origin",srcImage);
    waitKey(0);
    return 0;
}

1.jpg

效果

3.参考：

https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43374723/article/details/84064644#commentBox
https://blog.csdn.net/zzz_xxj/article/details/86568353

4.神奇的错误

1. 检查代码的头文件，符号（; 、(、)）
2. Ubuntu下VScode编译报错：File not recongnized不可识别的文件格式：https://blog.csdn.net/sandalphon4869/article/details/94410509
3. Ubuntu下编译错误：Unable to open ’raise.c‘：
   https://blog.csdn.net/sandalphon4869/article/details/94414403

三、cmake编译

Linux 使用cmake构建OpenCV项目
Ubuntu18.04下安装配置VScode以及VS的使用总结