C++初识（4）关于传值、传引用

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class complex
{
private:
    int re;
    int im;
public:
    complex(int r ,int i ); //错误写法， complex(int r = 0,int i = 0 );
    ~complex();
    inline int real() const { return re;} //内联函数
    inline int imag() const { return im;}
    complex  operator+ (complex &n);

};

complex::complex(int r = 0 ,int i = 0 )
    : re (r),im (i)   //构造函数的初始化列表
{
    //re = r;
    //im = i;
}

complex::~complex()
{
}

complex  complex::operator+ (complex &n)
{
    return complex (this->real() + n.real(),this->imag() + n.imag());   
}


ostream & operator<<(ostream &os,complex &n)//操作符重载
{
    os << n.real() << "+" << n.imag() << "i";
    return os; 
}

main()
{
    complex a(4,5);
    complex b(1,1);
    complex c = a+b;
    cout << c << endl;
    return 0;
}

输出结果：

5+6i

再看下面的代码，这是一段错误的代码：

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class complex
{
private:
    int re;
    int im;
public:
    complex(int r ,int i ); //错误写法， complex(int r = 0,int i = 0 );
    ~complex();
    inline int real() const { return re;} //内联函数
    inline int imag() const { return im;}
    complex  operator+ (complex &n);

};

complex::complex(int r = 0 ,int i = 0 )
    : re (r),im (i)   //构造函数的初始化列表
{
    //re = r;
    //im = i;
}

complex::~complex()
{
}

complex  complex::operator+ (complex &n)
{
    return complex (this->real() + n.real(),this->imag() + n.imag());   
}


ostream & operator<<(ostream &os,complex &n)//操作符重载
{
    os << n.real() << "+" << n.imag() << "i";
    return os; 
}

main()
{
    complex a(4,5);
    complex b(1,1);
    //complex c = a+b;
    cout << a+b << endl; //报错
    return 0;
}

第46行报错。

对于这个错误看了很长时间，终于找到了错误。：

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class complex
{
private:
    int re;
    int im;
public:
    complex(int r ,int i ); //错误写法， complex(int r = 0,int i = 0 );
    ~complex();
    inline int real() const { return re;} //内联函数
    inline int imag() const { return im;}
    complex  operator+ (complex &n);

};

complex::complex(int r = 0 ,int i = 0 )
    : re (r),im (i)   //构造函数的初始化列表
{
    //re = r;
    //im = i;
}

complex::~complex()
{
}

complex  complex::operator+ (complex &n)
{
    return complex (this->real() + n.real(),this->imag() + n.imag());   
}


ostream & operator<<(ostream &os,complex n)//修改的地方
{
    os << n.real() << "+" << n.imag() << "i";
    return os; 
}

main()
{
    complex a(4,5);
    complex b(1,1);
    //complex c = a+b;
    cout << a+b << endl;
    return 0;
}

将这行代码：

ostream & operator<<(ostream &os,complex &n)

修改为：

ostream & operator<<(ostream &os,complex n)

结论：

a+b，这样的语句创建的是一个临时对象，我们可以进行传值、赋值的操作，但是不能传引用。