Group Delay and Phase Delay

Group Delay 群延迟


Phase  Delay 相位延迟


两个不同的概念,但都是指延迟时间。延迟故名思义就是信号从进入系统到从系统出来时的延迟。好比龙头上接了一根皮管,你拧开龙头,皮管那头水不会立马出来,而是要等上一段时间,这就是延迟。


相位延迟指的单频信号的延迟,比如sin(wt)输入,经过系统之后为sin(wt-T), 相位延迟为-T/w.


群延迟指一个频率群延迟,表示一个频率群那就只能用函数了,所以表示为D(w)=-dT(w)/dw.


一个信号通过一个系统之后,如果要不失真,那么D(w)必须是常数,也就是每个频率分量的延迟时间都要是一样的。


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To calculate the phase change energy from bcc to fcc using LAMMPS, you can use the lattice orientation relationship method. This method involves creating a bcc and fcc crystal in LAMMPS, aligning their lattice orientations, and then calculating the energy difference between the two structures. Here is an example LAMMPS input script that demonstrates this method: ``` # Create bcc crystal units metal atom_style atomic lattice bcc 2.855 region box block 0 10 0 10 0 10 create_box 1 box create_atoms 1 box mass 1 55.85 # Relax bcc structure pair_style eam pair_coeff * * Fe_u3.eam neighbor 2.0 bin neigh_modify every 20 delay 0 check no fix 1 all box/relax iso 0.0 vmax 0.001 thermo 10 thermo_style custom step pe lx ly lz press pxx pyy pzz minimize 1e-8 1e-8 1000 10000 # Create fcc crystal clear units metal atom_style atomic lattice fcc 3.615 region box block 0 10 0 10 0 10 create_box 1 box create_atoms 1 box mass 1 55.85 # Align lattice orientations clear units metal atom_style atomic lattice fcc 3.615 orient x 1 0 0 orient y 0 1 0 orient z 0 0 1 region box block 0 10 0 10 0 10 create_box 1 box create_atoms 1 box mass 1 55.85 group fcc type 1 group bcc type 2 fix 1 fcc setforce 0.0 0.0 0.0 fix 2 bcc setforce 0.0 0.0 0.0 minimize 1e-8 1e-8 1000 10000 variable dx equal lx/10.0 variable dy equal ly/10.0 variable dz equal lz/10.0 displace_atoms bcc move ${dx} 0.0 0.0 # Calculate energy difference compute bccpe bcc pe compute fccpe fcc pe variable dE equal c_fccpe-c_bccpe print "Energy difference: ${dE} eV/atom" ``` This script first creates a bcc crystal and relaxes its structure using the EAM potential for iron. It then creates an fcc crystal and aligns its lattice orientation with the bcc crystal. The two structures are then minimized to their equilibrium positions. Finally, the energy difference between the fcc and bcc structures is calculated using the compute command in LAMMPS. Note that you will need to replace the EAM potential file `Fe_u3.eam` with the appropriate potential for your system. I hope this helps!
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