C++ 重载算术操作符

1、算术操作符（+、-、*、/、%以及它们的复合赋值运算符）

2、一般用复合赋值运算符来实现算术运算符。例如用+=来实现+。

3、复合赋值运算符一般重载成成员函数，而算术运算符重载成非成员函数。这是因为一般复合赋值运算符修改自身对象，而算术运算符不修改类对象。如果算术运算符修改类对象的私有成员，那就把它重载成友元函数。

4、示例代码：

class Sales_item {
public:
	Sales_item(const std::string &book, const unsigned units, const double amount)
		:isbn(book),units_sold(units),revenue(amount){}
	Sales_item& operator+=(const Sales_item&);
	Sales_item& operator-=(const Sales_item&);
	friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, const Sales_item&);
private:
	std::string isbn;
	unsigned units_sold;
	double revenue;
};

Sales_item operator+(const Sales_item&, const Sales_item&);
Sales_item operator-(const Sales_item&, const Sales_item&);

Sales_item& Sales_item::operator+=(const Sales_item& rhs)
{
	this->units_sold += rhs.units_sold;
	this->revenue += rhs.revenue;
	return *this;
}

Sales_item operator+(const Sales_item& lhs, const Sales_item& rhs)
{
	Sales_item ret(lhs);
	ret += rhs;
	return ret;
}

std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Sales_item& s)
{
	out << s.isbn << "\t" << s.units_sold << "\t" << s.revenue;
	return out;
}

Sales_item& Sales_item::operator-=(const Sales_item& rhs)
{
	this->units_sold -= rhs.units_sold;
	this->revenue -= rhs.revenue;
	return *this;
}

Sales_item operator-(const Sales_item& lhs, const Sales_item& rhs)
{
	Sales_item ret(lhs);
	ret -= rhs;
	return ret;
}