最近需要用到python的胶水功能,即python调用c++,将源文件编译成.so,然后在python中import即可以用到此动态库文件。同时,原始项目是使用cmake构建的,所以也希望用cmake构建boost python。找了好长时间没有合适教程并且出现了一些问题,在这里总结一下,欢迎补充和交流
参考地址:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/52929146/boostpython-and-cmake
hello_ext.cpp
#include <boost/python.hpp>
#include <iostream>
extern "C"
char const* greet()
{
return "hello, world";
}
BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(libhello_ext)
{
using namespace boost::python;
def("greet", greet);
}
int main(){
std::cout<<greet()<<std::endl;
return 0;
}
此文件可以作为一个简单示例,#include <boost/python.hpp>是boostpython编程需要的头文件。这里要注意BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(libhello_ext)括号中的内容要与生成动态文件库同名(cmake生成的名称前面加上了lib,这里是为了凑名称相同,具体原因没搞清楚)。有了源文件,在Ubuntu系统下可以直接使用Makefile,这里也列举出来。
# location of the Python header files
PYTHON_VERSION = 27
PYTHON_DOT_VERSION = 2.7
PYTHON_INCLUDE = /usr/include/python$(PYTHON_DOT_VERSION)
# location of the Boost Python include files and library
BOOST_INC = /usr/include
BOOST_LIB = /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/
# compile mesh classes
TARGET = hello_ext
$(TARGET).so: $(TARGET).o
g++ -shared -Wl,--export-dynamic $(TARGET).o -L$(BOOST_LIB) -lboost_python-py$(PYTHON_VERSION) -L/usr/lib/python$(PYTHON_DOT_VERSION)/config-x86_64-linux-gnu -lpython$(PYTHON_DOT_VERSION) -o $(TARGET).so
$(TARGET).o: $(TARGET).cpp
g++ -I$(PYTHON_INCLUDE) -I$(BOOST_INC) -fPIC -c $(TARGET).cpp
注意复制的时候g++前面是Tab。这里主要说的是Cmake,给出Cmake的代码,cmake每一行的含义可以找教程看一看,我看懂了也会更新的。
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.6)
PROJECT(hello_ext)
# Find Boost
find_package(Boost REQUIRED COMPONENTS python-py27)
set(PYTHON_DOT_VERSION 2.7)
set(PYTHON_INCLUDE /usr/include/python2.7)
set(PYTHON_LIBRARY /usr/lib/python2.7/config-x86_64-linux-gnu)
include_directories(${PYTHON_INCLUDE} ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS})
SET(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wall -lrt -O3")
SET(EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/bin)
SET(LIBNAME hello_ext)
add_library(${LIBNAME} SHARED hello_ext.cpp)
#add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} hello_ext.cpp)
TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(${PROJECT_NAME} ${Boost_LIBRARIES} -lpython2.7 -fPIC)
TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(${LIBNAME} ${Boost_LIBRARIES} -lpython2.7 -fPIC -shared)
测试结果:
出现问题1:pyconfig.h no such file
可以的解决方法:在make之前
export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/include/python2.7