- ∫ k d x = k x + C \int k\text{d}x=kx+C ∫kdx=kx+C
- ∫ x μ d x = x μ + 1 μ + 1 + C ( μ ≠ 1 ) \int x^{\mu}\text{d}x=\frac{x^{\mu+1}}{\mu+1}+C(\mu\neq 1) ∫xμdx=μ+1xμ+1+C(μ=1)
- ∫ d x x = ln ∣ x ∣ + C \int \frac{\text{d}x}{x}=\text{ln}|x|+C ∫xdx=ln∣x∣+C
- ∫ d x 1 + x 2 = a r c t a n x + C \int \frac{\text{d}x}{1+x^2}=arctan\ x+C ∫1+x2dx=arctan x+C
- ∫ d x 1 − x 2 = a r c s i n x + C \int \frac{\text{d}x}{\sqrt {1-x^2}}=arcsin\ x+C ∫1−x2dx=arcsin x+C
- ∫ c o s x d x = s i n x + C \int cos\ x\text{d}x=sin\ x+C ∫cos xdx=sin x+C
- ∫ s i n x d x = − c o s x + C \int sin\ x\text{d}x=-cos\ x+C ∫sin xdx=−cos x+C
- ∫ d x c o s 2 x = t a n x + C \int \frac{\text{d}x}{cos^2\ x}=tan\ x+C ∫cos2 xdx=tan x+C
- ∫ d x s i n 2 x = − c o t x + C \int \frac{\text{d}x}{sin^2\ x}=-cot\ x+C ∫sin2 xdx=−cot x+C
- ∫ s e c x t a n x d x = s e c x + C \int sec\ xtan\ x\text{d}x=sec\ x+C ∫sec xtan xdx=sec x+C
- ∫ c s c x c o t x d x = − c s c x + C \int csc\ xcot\ x\text{d}x=-csc\ x+C ∫csc xcot xdx=−csc x+C
- ∫ e x d x = e x + C \int e^x\text{d}x=e^x+C ∫exdx=ex+C
- ∫ a x d x = a x ln a + C \int a^x\text{d}x=\frac{a^x}{\text{ln}\ a}+C ∫axdx=ln aax+C
- ∫ t a n x d x = − ln ∣ c o s x ∣ + C \int tan\ x\text{d}x=-\text{ln}\ |cos\ x|+C ∫tan xdx=−ln ∣cos x∣+C
- ∫ c o t x d x = ln ∣ s i n x ∣ + C \int cot\ x\text{d}x=\text{ln}\ |sin\ x|+C ∫cot xdx=ln ∣sin x∣+C
- ∫ d x a 2 + x 2 = 1 a a r c t a n x a + C \int \frac{\text{d}x}{a^2+x^2}=\frac{1}{a}arctan\ \frac{x}{a}+C ∫a2+x2dx=a1arctan ax+C
- ∫ d x a 2 − x 2 = a r c s i n x a + C \int \frac{\text{d}x}{\sqrt{a^2-x^2}}=arcsin\ \frac{x}{a}+C ∫a2−x2dx=arcsin ax+C
- ∫ d x a 2 + x 2 = ln ( x + a 2 + x 2 ) + C \int \frac{\text{d}x}{\sqrt{a^2+x^2}}=\text{ln}\ (x+\sqrt{a^2+x^2})+C ∫a2+x2dx=ln (x+a2+x2)+C
- ∫ d x x 2 − a 2 = ln ∣ x + x 2 − a 2 ∣ + C \int\frac{\text{d}x}{\sqrt{x^2-a^2}}=\text{ln}\ |x+\sqrt{x^2-a^2}|+C ∫x2−a2dx=ln ∣x+x2−a2∣+C
第一类换元法:
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f(x)=g[\varphi(x)]\varphi'(x)
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\int f(x)\text{d}x=\int g[\varphi(x)]\varphi'(x)\text{d}x=\int g[\varphi(x)]\text{d}\varphi(x)=[\int g(u)\text{d}u]_{u=\varphi(x)}
∫f(x)dx=∫g[φ(x)]φ′(x)dx=∫g[φ(x)]dφ(x)=[∫g(u)du]u=φ(x)
第二类换元法:
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\int f(x)\text{d}x=[\int f(\varphi(t))\varphi'(t)\text{d}t]_{t=\varphi^{-1}(x)}
∫f(x)dx=[∫f(φ(t))φ′(t)dt]t=φ−1(x)