Head First 设计模式（C++实现）：组合模式：Compisite

组合模式：允许你将对象组成树形结构来表现“整体/部分”的层次结构。组合能让客户以一致性的方式处理个别对象和对象组合。

类图如下：

更为形象的表示如下：

代码如下：

/*MenuComponent.h*/
#pragma once
#include "UnsupportedOperationException.h"
#include <string>
class MenuComponent
{
public:
	MenuComponent(){}
	virtual ~MenuComponent(){}
    //此处做了抛出异常处理，下一篇文档完善这块代码
	virtual void add(MenuComponent* menuComponent)
	{
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
	}
	virtual void remove(MenuComponent* menuComponent)
	{
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
	}
	virtual MenuComponent* getChild(int i)
	{
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
	}
	virtual std::string getName()
	{
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
	}
	virtual std::string getDescription()
	{
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
	}
	virtual float getPrice()
	{
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
	}
	virtual bool isVegetarian()
	{
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
	}
	virtual void print()
	{
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
	}
};

/*Menu.h*/
#pragma once
#include "MenuComponent.h"
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
class Menu : public MenuComponent
{
private:
	std::vector<MenuComponent*> menuComponents;
	std::string name;
	std::string description;
public:
	Menu(std::string _name,std::string _description):
		name(_name), description(_description){}
	void add(MenuComponent* menuComponent)
	{
		menuComponents.push_back(menuComponent);
	}
	void remove(MenuComponent* menuComponent)
	{
		std::remove(menuComponents.begin(), menuComponents.end(), menuComponent);
	}
	MenuComponent* getChild(int i)
	{
		return menuComponents.at(i);
	}
	std::string getName()
	{
		return name;
	}
	std::string getDescription()
	{
		return description;
	}
	void print()
	{
		std::cout << "\n" + getName();
		std::cout << ", " + getDescription()<<std::endl;
		std::cout << "---------------------" << std::endl;

		std::vector<MenuComponent*>::iterator it = menuComponents.begin();
		while (it != menuComponents.end())
		{
			MenuComponent* menuComponent = *it;
			it++;
			menuComponent->print();
		}
	}
	~Menu(){}
};

/*MenuItem.h*/
#pragma once
#include "MenuComponent.h"
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
class MenuItem : public MenuComponent
{
private:
	std::string name;
	std::string description;
	bool vegetarian;
	float price;
public:
	//MenuItem(std::string name,std::string description,bool vegetarian,float price)
	//{
	//	this->name = name;
	//	this->description = description;
	//	this->vegetarian = vegetarian;
	//	this->price = price;
	//}
	MenuItem(std::string _name, std::string _description, bool _vegetarian, float _price):
		name(_name), description(_description), vegetarian(_vegetarian), price(_price){}
	~MenuItem(){}
	std::string getName()
	{
		return name;
	}
	std::string getDescription()
	{
		return description;
	}
	float getPrice()
	{
		return price;
	}
	bool isVegetarian()
	{
		return vegetarian;
	}
	void print()
	{
		std::cout << "  " + getName();
		if (isVegetarian())
		{
			std::cout << "(V)";
		}
		std::cout << ", " << getPrice()<<std::endl;
		std::cout << "    --" + getDescription() << std::endl;
	}
 };

/*UnsupportedOperationException.h*/
#pragma once
#include <exception>
#include <string>
class UnsupportedOperationException : public std::exception
{
private:
	std::string message;
public:
	UnsupportedOperationException() : std::exception() {}

	UnsupportedOperationException(const std::string _message) :
		std::exception(_message.c_str()), message(_message) {}

	~UnsupportedOperationException(){}

	std::string getMessage() const
	{
		return message;
	}
};

/*Watress.h*/
#pragma once
#include "MenuComponent.h"
class Watress
{
private:
	MenuComponent* allMenu;
public:
	Watress(MenuComponent* _allMenu) : allMenu(_allMenu){}
	void printMenu()
	{
		allMenu->print();
	}

	~Watress(){};
};

主函数：

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "MenuComponent.h"
#include "Menu.h"
#include "MenuItem.h"
#include "Watress.h"

int main()
{
	MenuComponent* pancakeHouseMenu = new Menu("PANCAKE HOUSE MENU", "Breakfast");
	MenuComponent* dinerMenu = new Menu("DINER MENU", "Lunch");
	MenuComponent* cafeMenu = new Menu("CAFE MENU", "Diner");
	MenuComponent* dessertMenu = new Menu("DESSERT MENU", "Desert of course");
	
	MenuComponent* allMenus = new Menu("ALL MENUS", "All menus combined");

	allMenus->add(pancakeHouseMenu);
	allMenus->add(dinerMenu);
	allMenus->add(cafeMenu);

	pancakeHouseMenu->add(new MenuItem("K&B's Pancake Breakfast", "Pancakes with scrambled eggs, and toast", true, 2.99));
	pancakeHouseMenu->add(new MenuItem("Regular Pancake Breakfast", "Pancake with fried eggs， sausage", false, 2.99));
	pancakeHouseMenu->add(new MenuItem("Blueberry Pancake", "Pancake made with fresh blueberries", true, 3.49));
	pancakeHouseMenu->add(new MenuItem("Waffles", "Waffles, with your cchoice of blueberries or strawberries", true, 3.59));

	dinerMenu->add(new MenuItem("Vegtarian BLT", "(Fakin) Bacon with lettuce & tomato on whole wheat", true, 2.99));
	dinerMenu->add(new MenuItem("BLT", "Bacon with lettuce & tomato on while wheat", false, 2.99));
	dinerMenu->add(new MenuItem("Soup of the day", "Soup of the day,with a side of potato aalad", false, 3.29));
	dinerMenu->add(new MenuItem("Hotdog", "A hot dog,with saurkraut, relish, onions, topped with cheese", false, 3.05));
	dinerMenu->add(new MenuItem("Steamed Veggies and Brown Rice", "Steamed vegetables over brown rice", true, 3.99));
	dinerMenu->add(new MenuItem("Pasta", "Spaghetti with Marinara Sauce, and a slice of sourdough bread", true, 3.89));

	dinerMenu->add(dessertMenu);//在晚餐菜单中加入三个甜点菜单，
	dessertMenu->add(new MenuItem("Apple Pie","Apple pie with a flkey crust,topped with vanila ice cream",true,1.59));
	dessertMenu->add(new MenuItem("Cheesecake", "Creamy New York cheesecake, with a chocolate graham crust", true, 1.99));
	dessertMenu->add(new MenuItem("Sorbet", "A scoop of raspberry and ascoop of lime", true, 1.89));

	cafeMenu->add(new MenuItem("Veggie Burger and Air Fries",
		"Veggie burger on a whole wheat bun, lettuce, tomato, and fries",true,3.99));
	cafeMenu->add(new MenuItem("Soup of the day",
		"A cup of the soup of the day, with a side salad", false, 3.69));
	cafeMenu->add(new MenuItem("Burrito",
		"A large burrito, with whole pinto beans, salse, guacamol", true, 4.29));

	Watress* waitress = new Watress(allMenus);
	waitress->printMenu();

	return 0;
}

参考文献：《Head Firs他设计模式》