从编译OpenGL库到我的第一个颜色变化的三角形-Shader

大学开始就在接触OpenGL，但是都是“见缝插针”式的学习，一直想着有机会走一遍OpenGL该有的学习过程。前段时间终于鼓起勇气，踏出这个久违的第一步。此前一直觉得CMake编译会很难，但是真的实践下来，发现其实也不是很难。

第一步：下载相关的材料，编译OpenGL库，并测试。

1.下载glfw包，git形式：http://192.168.1.108/svn/webgl/client/branch/1.0.3  网址：http://www.glfw.org/

2.下载CMake安装包，网址：https://cmake.org/

3.下载glew包，git形式： https://github.com/nigels-com/glew.git glew 网址：http://glew.sourceforge.net/

注：这个网址下的glew包的对应VS版本：VC6、VC10、VC12、VC14、VC15，如果是更高的VS版本，这需要另外找glew包，建议是到官网下。

 

（1）首先安装CMake软件。

（2）在电脑里任意目录下新建一个文件专门安放OpenGL相关库，例如文件夹名“OpenGL”，子目录有“include”和“libs”。

（3）由于glew不需要经过Cmake，可直接使用VS打开下载的glew>build目录下的对应VS版本的工程项目，进行编译。编译成功之后，打开glew目录下的lib->Debug->Win32，

将glew32d.lib和glew32sd.lib文件拷贝到上述的“libs”目录下；glew目录下的include目录下的整个“GL”文件夹拷贝到上述的“include”目录下。

（4）在glfw目录下新建一个“build”文件夹，打开CMake软件（点击运行cmake-gui.exe程序），在<where to the source code>处选择你的glfw所在的目录，在<where to build the binaries> 处选择刚刚新建的“build”文件夹所在的目录，如图：

然后点击<Configure> 选择你的VS版本，其他选项默认，之后点击“Finish”，等待几秒最后点击“Generate”按钮。之后就可以关闭CMake了。

在刚刚新建的“build”目录中，会增加一些文件，双击GLFW.sln，启动VS，按F7键等待工程生成完毕，在刚新建的build目录，build->src->Debug目录下会有一个glfw3.lib，这是我们所需要的，将glfw3.lib拷贝到上述的“OpenGL”->“libs”目录下。在glfw->include目录下会生成“GLFW”，将其整个拷贝到上述的“OpenGL”->“include”目录下。

到此，OpenGL库生成完毕。

（5）项目测试。

打开VS软件，新建一个空的C++工程项目，在项目属性中<配置属性>-><VC++目录>-><包含目录>添加上述“OpenGL”->“include”所在的目录，在<库目录>中添加上述“OpenGL”->“libs”所在的目录，在<链接器>-><输入>-><附加依赖项>中添加文件：glfw3.lib   glew32sd.lib   opengl32.lib，其中opengl32.lib是安装VS的时候直接就包含了。

新建一个.cpp文件，复制下面的代码:

 

#include <iostream> // GLEW #define GLEW_STATIC #include <GL/glew.h> // GLFW #include <GLFW/glfw3.h> // Window dimensions const GLuint WIDTH = 800, HEIGHT = 600; // The MAIN function, from here we start the application and run the game loop int main() { std::cout << "Starting GLFW context, OpenGL 3.3" << std::endl; // Init GLFW glfwInit(); // Set all the required options for GLFW glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, GL_FALSE); // Create a GLFWwindow object that we can use for GLFW's functions GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(WIDTH, HEIGHT, "LearnOpenGL", nullptr, nullptr); if (window == nullptr) { std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl; glfwTerminate(); return -1; } glfwMakeContextCurrent(window); // Set this to true so GLEW knows to use a modern approach to retrieving function pointers and extensions glewExperimental = GL_TRUE; // Initialize GLEW to setup the OpenGL Function pointers if (glewInit() != GLEW_OK) { std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLEW" << std::endl; return -1; } // Define the viewport dimensions int width, height; glfwGetFramebufferSize(window, &width, &height); glViewport(0, 0, width, height); // Game loop while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) { // Check if any events have been activiated (key pressed, mouse moved etc.) and call corresponding response functions glfwPollEvents(); // Swap the screen buffers glfwSwapBuffers(window); } // Terminate GLFW, clearing any resources allocated by GLFW. glfwTerminate(); return 0; }

然后进行编译即可。
第二步：创建我的变化三角形-着色器
同样新建一个C++空工程项目，使用着色器来显示绘制的三角形。关于着色器，这里说的很详细。完整的代码可参见下面。

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>

// GLEW
#define GLEW_STATIC
#include <GL/glew.h>

// GLFW
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>


// Function prototypes
void key_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int key, int scancode, int action, int mode);

// Window dimensions
const GLuint WIDTH = 800, HEIGHT = 600;

// Shaders
const GLchar* vertexShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n"
    "layout (location = 0) in vec3 position;\n"
    "layout (location = 1) in vec3 color;\n"
    "out vec3 ourColor;\n"
    "void main()\n"
    "{\n"
    "gl_Position = vec4(position, 1.0);\n"
    "ourColor = color;\n"
    "}\0";
const GLchar* fragmentShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n"
    "out vec4 color;\n"
    "uniform vec4 ourColor;\n"
    "void main()\n"
    "{\n"
    "color = ourColor;\n"
    "}\n\0";

// The MAIN function, from here we start the application and run the game loop
int main()
{
    // Init GLFW
    glfwInit();
    // Set all the required options for GLFW
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, GL_FALSE);

    // Create a GLFWwindow object that we can use for GLFW's functions
    GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(WIDTH, HEIGHT, "LearnOpenGL", nullptr, nullptr);
    glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);

    // Set the required callback functions
    glfwSetKeyCallback(window, key_callback);

    // Set this to true so GLEW knows to use a modern approach to retrieving function pointers and extensions
    glewExperimental = GL_TRUE;
    // Initialize GLEW to setup the OpenGL Function pointers
    glewInit();

    // Define the viewport dimensions
    glViewport(0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT);


    // Build and compile our shader program
    // Vertex shader
    GLuint vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(vertexShader, 1, &vertexShaderSource, NULL);
    glCompileShader(vertexShader);
    // Check for compile time errors
    GLint success;
    GLchar infoLog[512];
    glGetShaderiv(vertexShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
    if (!success)
    {
        glGetShaderInfoLog(vertexShader, 512, NULL, infoLog);
        std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::VERTEX::COMPILATION_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
    }
    // Fragment shader
    GLuint fragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(fragmentShader, 1, &fragmentShaderSource, NULL);
    glCompileShader(fragmentShader);
    // Check for compile time errors
    glGetShaderiv(fragmentShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
    if (!success)
    {
        glGetShaderInfoLog(fragmentShader, 512, NULL, infoLog);
        std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::FRAGMENT::COMPILATION_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
    }
    // Link shaders
    GLuint shaderProgram = glCreateProgram();
    glAttachShader(shaderProgram, vertexShader);
    glAttachShader(shaderProgram, fragmentShader);
    glLinkProgram(shaderProgram);
    // Check for linking errors
    glGetProgramiv(shaderProgram, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);
    if (!success) {
        glGetProgramInfoLog(shaderProgram, 512, NULL, infoLog);
        std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::PROGRAM::LINKING_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
    }
    glDeleteShader(vertexShader);
    glDeleteShader(fragmentShader);


    // Set up vertex data (and buffer(s)) and attribute pointers
    GLfloat vertices[] = {
        // Positions        
         0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,  // Bottom Right
        -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,  // Bottom Left
         0.0f,  0.5f, 0.0f   // Top 
    };
    GLuint VBO, VAO;
    glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
    glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
    // Bind the Vertex Array Object first, then bind and set vertex buffer(s) and attribute pointer(s).
    glBindVertexArray(VAO);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    // Position attribute
    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)0);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);

    glBindVertexArray(0); // Unbind VAO


    // Game loop
    while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
    {
        // Check if any events have been activiated (key pressed, mouse moved etc.) and call corresponding response functions
        glfwPollEvents();

        // Render
        // Clear the colorbuffer
        glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

        // Be sure to activate the shader
        glUseProgram(shaderProgram);

        // Update the uniform color
        GLfloat timeValue = glfwGetTime();
        GLfloat greenValue = (sin(timeValue) / 2) + 0.5;
        GLint vertexColorLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "ourColor");
        glUniform4f(vertexColorLocation, 0.0f, greenValue, 0.0f, 1.0f);

        // Draw the triangle
        glBindVertexArray(VAO);
        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);
        glBindVertexArray(0);

        // Swap the screen buffers
        glfwSwapBuffers(window);
    }
    // Properly de-allocate all resources once they've outlived their purpose
    glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
    glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);
    // Terminate GLFW, clearing any resources allocated by GLFW.
    glfwTerminate();
    return 0;
}

// Is called whenever a key is pressed/released via GLFW
void key_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int key, int scancode, int action, int mode)
{
    if (key == GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE && action == GLFW_PRESS)
        glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, GL_TRUE);
}

最后的显示效果如图：