WAAS

GEO透明C/L转发器

WAAS作为一种GPS天基增强系统，整个WAAS系统由主控站、地面参考站网络、地面上行注入站(GUS)、完好性通道(同步卫星GEO)，以及用户接收机组成。服务区内大量参考站密集分布在规划的栅格节点上，同时采集GPS卫星／WAAS卫星的双频伪距、星历、对流层延迟等原始观测数据，实时传送到主控站，主控站处理后生成卫星位置、钟差等差分改正数，电离层分布栅格，以及完好性等级／告警数据等增强数据，通过上行注入站(GUS)向GEO发送，通过GEO透明C/L转发器快速转发给用户接收机，用户结合GPS和WAAS两种导航数据可以得到更高精度、更高安全性、可靠性的导航定位服务。

注入站上行C频段信号经过透明转发器转下行时，同时变频为L1频段和C频段信号转发，用于测量同步卫星位置形成精密星历，以及测量同步卫星上下行信号传播路径上的电离层延迟。

而WAAS导航信号在传输过程中经过了同步卫星透明转发器，由于转发器变频器本振的频率基准与地面频率基准完全不相关，破坏了WAAS导航信号扩频码与载波的相关特性。

而WAAS的时间频率基准、发射信号的位置基准都在地面，通过转发器转发的整个传输过程中增加了很多环节的附加时延，导致WAAS的时间、空间基准与GPS存在明显差异。为此，WAAS地面控制系统根据卫星位置的实时变化，动态调整扩频码的相位(包括在导航电文中修正时间起始点)，补偿上行路径延迟与各种传输时延，使WAAS导航信号的发射时间起始点始终虚拟保持在同步卫星上。

The WAAS is an SBAS augmentation to GPS that calculates GPS integrity and correction data on the ground and uses geostationary satellites (GEOs) to broadcast integrity, correction data and ranging signals to GPS/SBAS users. 

2892b札记：

The signal in space provides two services: (1) data on GPS and GEO satellites, and (2) a ranging capability.

Wide-area Reference Stations (WRSs)：GPS satellites' data are received and processed

Wide-area Master Stations (WMSs)：which process the data to determine the integrity, differential corrections, residual errors, and ionospheric information for each monitored satellite and generate Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) Satellite navigation parameters.

This information is sent to a Ground Earth Station (GES) and uplinked along with

the GEO navigation message to GEO satellites. These GEO satellites downlink this data on the
GPS Link 1 (L1) frequency with a modulation similar to that used by GPS.

The WAAS user receiver typically processes: (1) the integrity data to ensure that the satellites
being used are providing in-tolerance navigation data, (2) the differential correction and
ionospheric information data to improve the accuracy of the user's position solution, and (3) the
ranging data from one or more of the GEO satellites for position determination. The WAAS
user receivers are not considered part of the WAAS.

National Airspace System (NAS)

The objectives of the WAAS are to provide improved: (1) integrity, (2) accuracy,
(3) availability, and (4) continuity of service to the Global Positioning System (GPS) Standard
Positioning Service (SPS). The ultimate objective is to provide a navigation system for all
phases of flight through precision approach.

Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS)

WAAS Network Time (WNT)

IOD PRN Mask (IODP)

IOD Ionospheric Grid Point Mask (IODI)

quotient商 

remainder余数

2892b主要内容：WAAS组成（各函数输入输出）、重要定义和电文内容（MT0-63）。

参考文献

[1]蒋宇志 卫星导航广域增强系统结构及特点.

[2]229D change 1. Minimum Operational Performance Standards for Global Positioning System/Satellite-Based Augmentation System Airborne Equipment.

[3]FAA-E-2892b. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION
SPECIFICATION FOR THE WIDE AREA AUGMENTATION SYSTEM (WAAS)