已知 f ( x ) = x ( x + 1 ) ( x + 2 ) … ( x + n ) f(x)=x(x+1)(x+2)\dots(x+n) f(x)=x(x+1)(x+2)…(x+n),则 f ′ ( 0 ) = ‾ f'(0)=\underline{\qquad} f′(0)=, f ′ ( − 1 ) = ‾ f'(-1)=\underline{\qquad} f′(−1)=
解:
设
g
(
x
)
=
(
x
+
1
)
(
x
+
2
)
…
(
x
+
n
)
g(x)=(x+1)(x+2)\dots(x+n)
g(x)=(x+1)(x+2)…(x+n),则
f
(
x
)
=
x
⋅
g
(
x
)
f(x)=x\cdot g(x)
f(x)=x⋅g(x)
∵
f
′
(
x
)
=
g
(
x
)
+
x
⋅
g
′
(
x
)
\because f'(x)=g(x)+x\cdot g'(x)
∵f′(x)=g(x)+x⋅g′(x)
∴
f
′
(
0
)
=
g
(
0
)
+
0
=
g
(
0
)
=
n
!
\therefore f'(0)=g(0)+0=g(0)=n!
∴f′(0)=g(0)+0=g(0)=n!
设
g
(
x
)
=
x
(
x
+
2
)
…
(
x
+
n
)
g(x)=x(x+2)\dots(x+n)
g(x)=x(x+2)…(x+n),则
f
(
x
)
=
(
x
+
1
)
⋅
g
(
x
)
f(x)=(x+1)\cdot g(x)
f(x)=(x+1)⋅g(x)
∵
f
′
(
x
)
=
g
(
x
)
+
(
x
+
1
)
g
′
(
x
)
\because f'(x)=g(x)+(x+1)g'(x)
∵f′(x)=g(x)+(x+1)g′(x)
∴
f
′
(
−
1
)
=
g
(
−
1
)
+
0
=
g
(
−
1
)
=
−
(
n
−
1
)
!
\therefore f'(-1)=g(-1)+0=g(-1)=-(n-1)!
∴f′(−1)=g(−1)+0=g(−1)=−(n−1)!
总结
对于这一类题, f ′ ( x ) f'(x) f′(x)算是很难算出来的,所以我们需要利用 [ f ( x ) ⋅ g ( x ) ] ′ = f ′ ( x ) g ( x ) + f ( x ) g ′ ( x ) [f(x)\cdot g(x)]'=f'(x)g(x)+f(x)g'(x) [f(x)⋅g(x)]′=f′(x)g(x)+f(x)g′(x),将题目中给定的自变量的值在求导的过程中得到一个 0 ⋅ A 0\cdot A 0⋅A的部分,然后后面一部分就不需要计算了,这样就能更快地解决问题。