视线追逐

本人是一名刚从事游戏行业不久的菜鸟，最近在看《Unity3D人工智能编程精萃》这本书，个人觉得浅显易懂，很适合入门。因此把本人的学习经历和心得纪录下来，还请各路大神多多指教。

1.视线追逐

视线法原理主要是让追击者沿着猎物的前进方向前进，让追击者永远面对着猎物当前的位置追击，当猎物站立不动时，追击者所走的路径是直的，但如果猎物移动时，路径就可能时弯弯曲曲的了。如下图所示：

下面就用Unity3D实现这部分的功能。

编程中主要涉及到3个类Vehicle类,AILocomotion类和Steering类。

Vehicle类实现

using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;

public class Vehicle : MonoBehaviour {

	// 操控行为类;
	private Steering steerings;
	// 物体能达到的最大速度;
	public float maxSpeed = 10;
	// 施加到物体上力的最大值
	public float maxForce = 100;
	protected float sqrMaxSpeed;
	// 物体的质量
	public float mass = 1;
	// 速度
	public Vector3 velocity;
	// 转向速度
	public float damping = 0.9f;
	// 更新频率
	public float computeInterval = 0.2f;
	// 最后计算得到的控制力
	private Vector3 steeringForce = new Vector3(0,0,0);
	// 加速度
	protected Vector3 acceleration;
	// 计时器
	private float timer = 0;

	protected void Init()
	{
		steeringForce = new Vector3 (0, 0, 0);
		sqrMaxSpeed = maxSpeed * maxSpeed;
		timer = 0;
		steerings = GetComponent<Steering> ();
	}
	// Use this for initialization
	void Start () {

	}
	
	// Update is called once per frame
	void Update () {
		timer += Time.deltaTime;
		steeringForce = new Vector3 (0, 0, 0);
		if (timer > computeInterval) {
			steeringForce += steerings.Force () * steerings.weight;
			steeringForce = Vector3.ClampMagnitude (steeringForce, maxForce);
			acceleration = steeringForce / mass;
			timer = 0;
		}
	}
}

AILocomotion类

<pre name="code" class="csharp">using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;

public class AILocomotion : Vehicle {

	private CharacterController controller;
	private Rigidbody theRigidbody;
	private Vector3 moveDistance;
	public Animator anim;
	private AnimatorStateInfo currentBaseState;

	// Use this for initialization
	void Start () {
		controller = GetComponent<CharacterController> ();
		theRigidbody = GetComponent<Rigidbody> ();
		moveDistance = new Vector3 (0, 0, 0);
		currentBaseState = anim.GetCurrentAnimatorStateInfo (0);
		base.Init ();
	}

	void FixedUpdate()
	{
		velocity += acceleration * Time.fixedDeltaTime;

		if (velocity.sqrMagnitude > sqrMaxSpeed)
			velocity = velocity.normalized * maxSpeed;
		
		moveDistance = velocity * Time.fixedDeltaTime;
		velocity.y = 0;
		moveDistance.y = 0;

		if (controller != null)
			controller.SimpleMove (velocity);
		else if (theRigidbody == null || theRigidbody.isKinematic)
			transform.position += moveDistance;
		else
			theRigidbody.MovePosition (theRigidbody.position + moveDistance);
		
		if (velocity.sqrMagnitude > 0.00001) {
			Vector3 newForward = Vector3.Slerp (transform.forward, velocity, damping * Time.deltaTime);
			newForward.y = 0;
			transform.forward = newForward;
		}
		anim.SetFloat("Forward", maxSpeed, 0.1f, Time.fixedDeltaTime);
	}
}

Steering类

using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;

public abstract class Steering : MonoBehaviour {

	public float weight = 1;
	// Use this for initialization
	void Start () {
	
	}
	
	// Update is called once per frame
	void Update () {
	
	}

	public virtual Vector3 Force()
	{
		return new Vector3 (0, 0, 0);
	}
}

(1)目标静止的情况

编写SteeringForSeek类

using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;

public class SteeringForSeek : Steering {

	public GameObject target;
	private Vector3 desiredVelocity;
	private Vehicle m_vehicle;
	private float maxSpeed;

	// Use this for initialization
	void Start () {
		m_vehicle = GetComponent<Vehicle> ();
		maxSpeed = m_vehicle.maxSpeed;

	}

	public override Vector3 Force ()
	{
		desiredVelocity = (target.transform.position - transform.position).normalized * maxSpeed;
		desiredVelocity.y = 0;
		return (desiredVelocity - m_vehicle.velocity);
	}
	
	// Update is called once per frame
	void Update () {
	
	}
}

运行程序，为物体加上Character Controller组件、AILocomotion以及SteeringForSeek脚本。游戏运行如下：

tiantian

程序中使用的人物模型是Standard Assets中的Ethan模型。

工程可以在这里下载到点击打开链接