字符设备驱动程序

一、      实验目的和要求

1.    学习嵌入式Linux的GPIO的使用方式；

2.    学习嵌入式Linux的Arduino接口库；

3.    学习使用面包板搭简单的外部电路；

4.    学习Linux设备驱动程序的开发过程；

5.    学习在内核中访问外设寄存器，操作外设的方法

 

二、      实验器材

1.    Linux实验板卡一块；

2.    5V/1A电源一个；

3.    microUSB线一根；

4.    面包板一块；

5.    MAX7219驱动的8*8 LED矩阵一个；

6.    面包线若干；

7.    MacOS一台；

8.    USE－TTL串口线一根

9.    以太网线一根；

10.  交叉编译软件

 

三、      实验内容和原理

1．设计方法，画连接示意图；

2．在面包板上连线，完成外部电路；

3．编写C/C++程序，采用Arduino-ish库或虚拟文件系统访问GPIO，实现在矩阵上显示文字或图案；

4．编写字符设备驱动程序，直接访问GPIO控制寄存器，能将write()送来的单个字符在矩阵上显示出来

 

四、      实验过程和数据记录

1.    以下是实物连接图

GPIO端口使用bcm编号的23，24，25，对应WiringPi的4，5，6号端口，分别连接到驱动板的DIN，CS，CLK

 

2.    使用Wiring访问GPIO

在用户级别程序访问GPIO，使用Wiring是个很好的选择。

#include <stdio.h> #include <wiringPi.h>   #define PIN_DIN 4  // GPIO端口号，对应驱动板的DIN #define PIN_CS  5  //GPIO端口号，对应驱动板的CS #define PIN_CLK 6  //GPIO端口号，对应驱动板的CLK   unsigned char disp1[256][8] = { //ASCII码字体数据 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0x0 { 0x7E, 0x81, 0xA5, 0x81, 0xBD, 0x99, 0x81, 0x7E }, //0x1 { 0x7E, 0xFF, 0xDB, 0xFF, 0xC3, 0xE7, 0xFF, 0x7E }, //0x2 { 0x6C, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0x7C, 0x38, 0x10, 0x00 }, //0x3 { 0x10, 0x38, 0x7C, 0xFE, 0x7C, 0x38, 0x10, 0x00 }, //0x4 { 0x38, 0x7C, 0x38, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0x7C, 0x38, 0x7C }, //0x5 { 0x10, 0x10, 0x38, 0x7C, 0xFE, 0x7C, 0x38, 0x7C }, //0x6 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0x7 { 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xE7, 0xC3, 0xC3, 0xE7, 0xFF, 0xFF }, //0x8 { 0x00, 0x3C, 0x66, 0x42, 0x42, 0x66, 0x3C, 0x00 }, //0x9 { 0xFF, 0xC3, 0x99, 0xBD, 0xBD, 0x99, 0xC3, 0xFF }, //0xA { 0x0F, 0x07, 0x0F, 0x7D, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78 }, //0xB { 0x3C, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x7E, 0x18 }, //0xC { 0x3F, 0x33, 0x3F, 0x30, 0x30, 0x70, 0xF0, 0xE0 }, //0xD { 0x7F, 0x63, 0x7F, 0x63, 0x63, 0x67, 0xE6, 0xC0 }, //0xE { 0x99, 0x5A, 0x3C, 0xE7, 0xE7, 0x3C, 0x5A, 0x99 }, //0xF { 0x80, 0xE0, 0xF8, 0xFE, 0xF8, 0xE0, 0x80, 0x00 }, //0x10 { 0x02, 0x0E, 0x3E, 0xFE, 0x3E, 0x0E, 0x02, 0x00 }, //0x11 { 0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0x18, 0x18, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18 }, //0x12 { 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x00, 0x66, 0x00 }, //0x13 { 0x7F, 0xDB, 0xDB, 0x7B, 0x1B, 0x1B, 0x1B, 0x00 }, //0x14 { 0x3E, 0x63, 0x38, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x38, 0xCC, 0x78 }, //0x15 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7E, 0x7E, 0x7E, 0x00 }, //0x16 { 0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0x18, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0xFF }, //0x17 { 0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00 }, //0x18 { 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x00 }, //0x19 { 0x00, 0x18, 0x0C, 0xFE, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0x1A { 0x00, 0x30, 0x60, 0xFE, 0x60, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0x1B { 0x00, 0x00, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0x1C { 0x00, 0x24, 0x66, 0xFF, 0x66, 0x24, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0x1D { 0x00, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0x1E { 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0x1F { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0x20 { 0x30, 0x78, 0x78, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00, 0x30, 0x00 }, //0x21 { 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0x22 { 0x6C, 0x6C, 0xFE, 0x6C, 0xFE, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x00 }, //0x23 { 0x30, 0x7C, 0xC0, 0x78, 0x0C, 0xF8, 0x30, 0x00 }, //0x24 { 0x00, 0xC6, 0xCC, 0x18, 0x30, 0x66, 0xC6, 0x00 }, //0x25 { 0x38, 0x6C, 0x38, 0x76, 0xDC, 0xCC, 0x76, 0x00 }, //0x26 { 0x60, 0x60, 0xC0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0x27 { 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x30, 0x18, 0x00 }, //0x28 { 0x60, 0x30, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0x00 }, //0x29 { 0x00, 0x66, 0x3C, 0xFF, 0x3C, 0x66, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0x2A { 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0xFC, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0x2B { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x60 }, //0x2C { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0x2D { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00 }, //0x2E { 0x06, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x00 }, //0x2F { 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xCE, 0xDE, 0xF6, 0xE6, 0x7C, 0x00 }, //0x30 { 0x30, 0x70, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0xFC, 0x00 }, //0x31 { 0x78, 0xCC, 0x0C, 0x38, 0x60, 0xCC, 0xFC, 0x00 }, //0x32 { 0x78, 0xCC, 0x0C, 0x38, 0x0C, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x33 { 0x1C, 0x3C, 0x6C, 0xCC, 0xFE, 0x0C, 0x1E, 0x00 }, //0x34 { 0xFC, 0xC0, 0xF8, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x35 { 0x38, 0x60, 0xC0, 0xF8, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x36 { 0xFC, 0xCC, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00 }, //0x37 { 0x78, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x38 { 0x78, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x7C, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x70, 0x00 }, //0x39 { 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00 }, //0x3A { 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x60 }, //0x3B { 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0xC0, 0x60, 0x30, 0x18, 0x00 }, //0x3C { 0x00, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0x3D { 0x60, 0x30, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0x00 }, //0x3E { 0x78, 0xCC, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x00, 0x30, 0x00 }, //0x3F { 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xDE, 0xDE, 0xDE, 0xC0, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x40 { 0x30, 0x78, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xFC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x00 }, //0x41 { 0xFC, 0x66, 0x66, 0x7C, 0x66, 0x66, 0xFC, 0x00 }, //0x42 { 0x3C, 0x66, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0x66, 0x3C, 0x00 }, //0x43 { 0xF8, 0x6C, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x6C, 0xF8, 0x00 }, //0x44 { 0xFE, 0x62, 0x68, 0x78, 0x68, 0x62, 0xFE, 0x00 }, //0x45 { 0xFE, 0x62, 0x68, 0x78, 0x68, 0x60, 0xF0, 0x00 }, //0x46 { 0x3C, 0x66, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xCE, 0x66, 0x3E, 0x00 }, //0x47 { 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xFC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x00 }, //0x48 { 0x78, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x49 { 0x1E, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x4A { 0xE6, 0x66, 0x6C, 0x78, 0x6C, 0x66, 0xE6, 0x00 }, //0x4B { 0xF0, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x62, 0x66, 0xFE, 0x00 }, //0x4C { 0xC6, 0xEE, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0xD6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x00 }, //0x4D { 0xC6, 0xE6, 0xF6, 0xDE, 0xCE, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x00 }, //0x4E { 0x38, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x6C, 0x38, 0x00 }, //0x4F { 0xFC, 0x66, 0x66, 0x7C, 0x60, 0x60, 0xF0, 0x00 }, //0x50 { 0x78, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xDC, 0x78, 0x1C, 0x00 }, //0x51 { 0xFC, 0x66, 0x66, 0x7C, 0x6C, 0x66, 0xE6, 0x00 }, //0x52 { 0x78, 0xCC, 0xE0, 0x70, 0x1C, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x53 { 0xFC, 0xB4, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x54 { 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xFC, 0x00 }, //0x55 { 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x30, 0x00 }, //0x56 { 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xD6, 0xFE, 0xEE, 0xC6, 0x00 }, //0x57 { 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x6C, 0x38, 0x38, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0x00 }, //0x58 { 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x30, 0x30, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x59 { 0xFE, 0xC6, 0x8C, 0x18, 0x32, 0x66, 0xFE, 0x00 }, //0x5A { 0x78, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x5B { 0xC0, 0x60, 0x30, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x06, 0x02, 0x00 }, //0x5C { 0x78, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x5D { 0x10, 0x38, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0x5E { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF }, //0x5F { 0x30, 0x30, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0x60 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0x0C, 0x7C, 0xCC, 0x76, 0x00 }, //0x61 { 0xE0, 0x60, 0x60, 0x7C, 0x66, 0x66, 0xDC, 0x00 }, //0x62 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0xCC, 0xC0, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x63 { 0x1C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x7C, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x76, 0x00 }, //0x64 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0xCC, 0xFC, 0xC0, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x65 { 0x38, 0x6C, 0x60, 0xF0, 0x60, 0x60, 0xF0, 0x00 }, //0x66 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x76, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x7C, 0x0C, 0xF8 }, //0x67 { 0xE0, 0x60, 0x6C, 0x76, 0x66, 0x66, 0xE6, 0x00 }, //0x68 { 0x30, 0x00, 0x70, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x69 { 0x0C, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78 }, //0x6A { 0xE0, 0x60, 0x66, 0x6C, 0x78, 0x6C, 0xE6, 0x00 }, //0x6B { 0x70, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x6C { 0x00, 0x00, 0xCC, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0xD6, 0xC6, 0x00 }, //0x6D { 0x00, 0x00, 0xF8, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x00 }, //0x6E { 0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x6F { 0x00, 0x00, 0xDC, 0x66, 0x66, 0x7C, 0x60, 0xF0 }, //0x70 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x76, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x7C, 0x0C, 0x1E }, //0x71 { 0x00, 0x00, 0xDC, 0x76, 0x66, 0x60, 0xF0, 0x00 }, //0x72 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC0, 0x78, 0x0C, 0xF8, 0x00 }, //0x73 { 0x10, 0x30, 0x7C, 0x30, 0x30, 0x34, 0x18, 0x00 }, //0x74 { 0x00, 0x00, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x76, 0x00 }, //0x75 { 0x00, 0x00, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x30, 0x00 }, //0x76 { 0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0xD6, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0x6C, 0x00 }, //0x77 { 0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0x6C, 0x38, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0x00 }, //0x78 { 0x00, 0x00, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x7C, 0x0C, 0xF8 }, //0x79 { 0x00, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x98, 0x30, 0x64, 0xFC, 0x00 }, //0x7A { 0x1C, 0x30, 0x30, 0xE0, 0x30, 0x30, 0x1C, 0x00 }, //0x7B { 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00 }, //0x7C { 0xE0, 0x30, 0x30, 0x1C, 0x30, 0x30, 0xE0, 0x00 }, //0x7D { 0x76, 0xDC, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0x7E { 0x00, 0x10, 0x38, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xFE, 0x00 }, //0x7F { 0x78, 0xCC, 0xC0, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x78 }, //0x80 { 0x00, 0xCC, 0x00, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x7E, 0x00 }, //0x81 { 0x1C, 0x00, 0x78, 0xCC, 0xFC, 0xC0, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x82 { 0x7E, 0xC3, 0x3C, 0x06, 0x3E, 0x66, 0x3F, 0x00 }, //0x83 { 0xCC, 0x00, 0x78, 0x0C, 0x7C, 0xCC, 0x7E, 0x00 }, //0x84 { 0xE0, 0x00, 0x78, 0x0C, 0x7C, 0xCC, 0x7E, 0x00 }, //0x85 { 0x30, 0x30, 0x78, 0x0C, 0x7C, 0xCC, 0x7E, 0x00 }, //0x86 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0x78, 0x0C, 0x38 }, //0x87 { 0x7E, 0xC3, 0x3C, 0x66, 0x7E, 0x60, 0x3C, 0x00 }, //0x88 { 0xCC, 0x00, 0x78, 0xCC, 0xFC, 0xC0, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x89 { 0xE0, 0x00, 0x78, 0xCC, 0xFC, 0xC0, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x8A { 0xCC, 0x00, 0x70, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x8B { 0x7C, 0xC6, 0x38, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x00 }, //0x8C { 0xE0, 0x00, 0x70, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x8D { 0xC6, 0x38, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0xFE, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x00 }, //0x8E { 0x30, 0x30, 0x00, 0x78, 0xCC, 0xFC, 0xCC, 0x00 }, //0x8F { 0x1C, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x60, 0x78, 0x60, 0xFC, 0x00 }, //0x90 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x7F, 0x0C, 0x7F, 0xCC, 0x7F, 0x00 }, //0x91 { 0x3E, 0x6C, 0xCC, 0xFE, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCE, 0x00 }, //0x92 { 0x78, 0xCC, 0x00, 0x78, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x93 { 0x00, 0xCC, 0x00, 0x78, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x94 { 0x00, 0xE0, 0x00, 0x78, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x95 { 0x78, 0xCC, 0x00, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x7E, 0x00 }, //0x96 { 0x00, 0xE0, 0x00, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x7E, 0x00 }, //0x97 { 0x00, 0xCC, 0x00, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x7C, 0x0C, 0xF8 }, //0x98 { 0xC3, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x66, 0x66, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x00 }, //0x99 { 0xCC, 0x00, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x9A { 0x18, 0x18, 0x7E, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0x7E, 0x18, 0x18 }, //0x9B { 0x38, 0x6C, 0x64, 0xF0, 0x60, 0xE6, 0xFC, 0x00 }, //0x9C { 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78, 0xFC, 0x30, 0xFC, 0x30, 0x30 }, //0x9D { 0xF8, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xFA, 0xC6, 0xCF, 0xC6, 0xC7 }, //0x9E { 0x0E, 0x1B, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0xD8, 0x70 }, //0x9F { 0x1C, 0x00, 0x78, 0x0C, 0x7C, 0xCC, 0x7E, 0x00 }, //0xA0 { 0x38, 0x00, 0x70, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0xA1 { 0x00, 0x1C, 0x00, 0x78, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0xA2 { 0x00, 0x1C, 0x00, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x7E, 0x00 }, //0xA3 { 0x00, 0xF8, 0x00, 0xF8, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x00 }, //0xA4 { 0xFC, 0x00, 0xCC, 0xEC, 0xFC, 0xDC, 0xCC, 0x00 }, //0xA5 { 0x3C, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x3E, 0x00, 0x7E, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xA6 { 0x38, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x38, 0x00, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xA7 { 0x30, 0x00, 0x30, 0x60, 0xC0, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0xA8 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFC, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xA9 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xAA { 0xC3, 0xC6, 0xCC, 0xDE, 0x33, 0x66, 0xCC, 0x0F }, //0xAB { 0xC3, 0xC6, 0xCC, 0xDB, 0x37, 0x6F, 0xCF, 0x03 }, //0xAC { 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00 }, //0xAD { 0x00, 0x33, 0x66, 0xCC, 0x66, 0x33, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xAE { 0x00, 0xCC, 0x66, 0x33, 0x66, 0xCC, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xAF { 0x22, 0x88, 0x22, 0x88, 0x22, 0x88, 0x22, 0x88 }, //0xB0 { 0x55, 0xAA, 0x55, 0xAA, 0x55, 0xAA, 0x55, 0xAA }, //0xB1 { 0xDB, 0x77, 0xDB, 0xEE, 0xDB, 0x77, 0xDB, 0xEE }, //0xB2 { 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18 }, //0xB3 { 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0xF8, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18 }, //0xB4 { 0x18, 0x18, 0xF8, 0x18, 0xF8, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18 }, //0xB5 { 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0xF6, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36 }, //0xB6 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36 }, //0xB7 { 0x00, 0x00, 0xF8, 0x18, 0xF8, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18 }, //0xB8 { 0x36, 0x36, 0xF6, 0x06, 0xF6, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36 }, //0xB9 { 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36 }, //0xBA { 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0x06, 0xF6, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36 }, //0xBB { 0x36, 0x36, 0xF6, 0x06, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xBC { 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xBD { 0x18, 0x18, 0xF8, 0x18, 0xF8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xBE { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF8, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18 }, //0xBF { 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x1F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xC0 { 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xC1 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18 }, //0xC2 { 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x1F, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18 }, //0xC3 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xC4 { 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0xFF, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18 }, //0xC5 { 0x18, 0x18, 0x1F, 0x18, 0x1F, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18 }, //0xC6 { 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x37, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36 }, //0xC7 { 0x36, 0x36, 0x37, 0x30, 0x3F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xC8 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x3F, 0x30, 0x37, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36 }, //0xC9 { 0x36, 0x36, 0xF7, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xCA { 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xF7, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36 }, //0xCB { 0x36, 0x36, 0x37, 0x30, 0x37, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36 }, //0xCC { 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xCD { 0x36, 0x36, 0xF7, 0x00, 0xF7, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36 }, //0xCE { 0x18, 0x18, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xCF { 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xD0 { 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18 }, //0xD1 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36 }, //0xD2 { 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x3F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xD3 { 0x18, 0x18, 0x1F, 0x18, 0x1F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xD4 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x1F, 0x18, 0x1F, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18 }, //0xD5 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3F, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36 }, //0xD6 { 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0xFF, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36 }, //0xD7 { 0x18, 0x18, 0xFF, 0x18, 0xFF, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18 }, //0xD8 { 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0xF8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xD9 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1F, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18 }, //0xDA { 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF }, //0xDB { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF }, //0xDC { 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0 }, //0xDD { 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F }, //0xDE { 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xDF { 0x00, 0x00, 0x76, 0xDC, 0xC8, 0xDC, 0x76, 0x00 }, //0xE0 { 0x00, 0x78, 0xCC, 0xF8, 0xCC, 0xF8, 0xC0, 0xC0 }, //0xE1 { 0x00, 0xFC, 0xCC, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0x00 }, //0xE2 { 0x00, 0xFE, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x00 }, //0xE3 { 0xFC, 0xCC, 0x60, 0x30, 0x60, 0xCC, 0xFC, 0x00 }, //0xE4 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x7E, 0xD8, 0xD8, 0xD8, 0x70, 0x00 }, //0xE5 { 0x00, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x7C, 0x60, 0xC0 }, //0xE6 { 0x00, 0x76, 0xDC, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00 }, //0xE7 { 0xFC, 0x30, 0x78, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x30, 0xFC }, //0xE8 { 0x38, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0xFE, 0xC6, 0x6C, 0x38, 0x00 }, //0xE9 { 0x38, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0xEE, 0x00 }, //0xEA { 0x1C, 0x30, 0x18, 0x7C, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0xEB { 0x00, 0x00, 0x7E, 0xDB, 0xDB, 0x7E, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xEC { 0x06, 0x0C, 0x7E, 0xDB, 0xDB, 0x7E, 0x60, 0xC0 }, //0xED { 0x38, 0x60, 0xC0, 0xF8, 0xC0, 0x60, 0x38, 0x00 }, //0xEE { 0x78, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x00 }, //0xEF { 0x00, 0xFC, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xF0 { 0x30, 0x30, 0xFC, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x00 }, //0xF1 { 0x60, 0x30, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x00 }, //0xF2 { 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0x30, 0x18, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x00 }, //0xF3 { 0x0E, 0x1B, 0x1B, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18 }, //0xF4 { 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0xD8, 0xD8, 0x70 }, //0xF5 { 0x30, 0x30, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00 }, //0xF6 { 0x00, 0x76, 0xDC, 0x00, 0x76, 0xDC, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xF7 { 0x38, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x38, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xF8 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xF9 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xFA { 0x0F, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0xEC, 0x6C, 0x3C, 0x1C }, //0xFB { 0x78, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xFC { 0x70, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xFD { 0x00, 0x00, 0x3C, 0x3C, 0x3C, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xFE { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xFF };   void write_byte(unsigned char data)  //最底层的传输一个byte的函数 {     unsigned char i;     digitalWrite(PIN_CS, LOW);     for(i=8; i>=1; i--)     {         digitalWrite(PIN_CLK, LOW);         digitalWrite(PIN_DIN, data&0x80);         data = data<<1;         digitalWrite(PIN_CLK, HIGH);     } }   void write(unsigned char addr, unsigned char data)  //传输一行数据函数 {     digitalWrite(PIN_CS, LOW);     write_byte(addr);     write_byte(data);     digitalWrite(PIN_CS, HIGH); }   void init()  //初始化芯片 {     write(0x09, 0x00);     write(0x0a, 0x03);     write(0x0b, 0x07);     write(0x0c, 0x01);     write(0x0f, 0x00); }   int main() {     unsigned char i, j;       wiringPiSetup();     pinMode(PIN_DIN, OUTPUT);     pinMode(PIN_CS, OUTPUT);     pinMode(PIN_CLK, OUTPUT);       init();     while (1)     {         for(j=0; j<256; j++)         {             for(i=1; i<9; i++)                 write(i, disp1[j][i-1]);             printf("0x%02X\n", j);             delay(500);         }      }     return 0; }

 

从以下两个图片来看，显示效果良好

 

3.    Linux字符设备驱动

Linux内核模块能更方便快捷地调整内核功能，而无需重新编译内核花费巨大的时间。通过编写字符设备驱动模块，能够使得系统通过/dev以字符设备的方式来写数据到8*8的led矩阵中显示。

#include <linux/init.h>           // 用于标记函数的宏，如_init、__exit #include <linux/module.h>         // 将内核模块加载到内核中的核心头文件 #include <linux/device.h>         // 支持内核驱动模型的头文件 #include <linux/kernel.h>         // 包含内核中的类型、宏和函数 #include <linux/fs.h>             // 支持Linux文件系统的头文件 #include <asm/uaccess.h>          // 复制到用户用户空间函数需要的头文件 #include <linux/gpio.h>           // GPIO #define  DEVICE_NAME "matrix"     ///< 使用此值，设备将会展示在/dev/matrix #define  CLASS_NAME  "mat"        ///< 设备类名，这是一个字符设备驱动   MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");            ///< 许可类型，这回影响到可用功能 MODULE_VERSION("0.1");            ///< 告知用户的版本号   static int    majorNumber;                  ///< 保存主设备号，这里自动确定 static char   message[256] = {0};           ///< 用于保存从用户空间传输过来字符串的内存 static short  size_of_message;              ///< 用于记录保存的字符串长度 static int    numberOpens = 0;              ///< 用于保存设备打开次数的计数器 static struct class*  matClass  = NULL; ///< 设备驱动类结构体指针 static struct device* matDevice = NULL; ///< 设备驱动设备结构体指针   // 字符设备操作的函数原型，必须在结构体定义前定义 static int     dev_open(struct inode *, struct file *); static int     dev_release(struct inode *, struct file *); static ssize_t dev_read(struct file *, char *, size_t, loff_t *); static ssize_t dev_write(struct file *, const char *, size_t, loff_t *);   /** @brief 设备在内核中被表示为文件结构。 /linux/fs.h中定义的file_operations结构体，  * 它使用C99语法的结构体，列举了文件操作关联的回调函数。  * 字符设备通常需要实现open、read、write和release函数。  */ static struct file_operations fops = {    .open = dev_open,    .read = dev_read,    .write = dev_write,    .release = dev_release, };   /** @brief 可加载内核模块初始化函数  *  static关键字限制该函数的可见性在该C文件之内。 The __init  *  __init宏对于内置驱动（非可加载内核模块）来说，只在初始化时调用，在此之后，该函数将被废弃，内存将被回收。  *  @return 如果成功返回0  */ static int __init matrix_init(void){    printk(KERN_INFO "Initializing matrix.\n");      // 尝试为这个设备动态生成一个主设备号，虽然麻烦一点，但这是值得的    majorNumber = register_chrdev(0, DEVICE_NAME, &fops);    if (majorNumber<0){       printk(KERN_ALERT "Failed to register a major number.\n");       return majorNumber;    }    // printk(KERN_INFO "EBBChar: registered correctly with major number %d\n", majorNumber);      // 注册设备类    matClass = class_create(THIS_MODULE, CLASS_NAME);    if (IS_ERR(matClass)){                // 如果有错误，清理环境       unregister_chrdev(majorNumber, DEVICE_NAME);       printk(KERN_ALERT "Failed to register device class.\n");       return PTR_ERR(matClass);          // 对于指针类型返回错误消息正确的方式    }    // printk(KERN_INFO "EBBChar: device class registered correctly\n");      // 注册设备驱动    matDevice = device_create(matClass, NULL, MKDEV(majorNumber, 0), NULL, DEVICE_NAME);    if (IS_ERR(matDevice)){               // 如果有错误，清理环境       class_destroy(matClass);           // 重复的代码，可选方式是使用goto语句       unregister_chrdev(majorNumber, DEVICE_NAME);       printk(KERN_ALERT "Failed to create the device.\n");       return PTR_ERR(matDevice);    }    // printk(KERN_INFO "EBBChar: device class created correctly\n"); // 搞定，设备已经初始化    return 0; }   /** @brief 可加载内核模块清理函数  *  和初始化函数类似，该函数是静态的。__exit宏标识如果这个代码是使用在内置驱动（非可加载内核模块）中，该函数不需要。  */ static void __exit matrix_exit(void){    device_destroy(matClass, MKDEV(majorNumber, 0));     // 移除设备    class_unregister(matClass);                          // 注销设备类    class_destroy(matClass);                             // 移除设备类    unregister_chrdev(majorNumber, DEVICE_NAME);             // 注销主设备号    printk(KERN_INFO "Goodbye!\n"); }   static unsigned PIN_DIN = 23; static unsigned PIN_CS = 24; static unsigned PIN_CLK = 25;   static unsigned char disp1[256][8] = { { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0x0 { 0x7E, 0x81, 0xA5, 0x81, 0xBD, 0x99, 0x81, 0x7E }, //0x1 { 0x7E, 0xFF, 0xDB, 0xFF, 0xC3, 0xE7, 0xFF, 0x7E }, //0x2 { 0x6C, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0x7C, 0x38, 0x10, 0x00 }, //0x3 { 0x10, 0x38, 0x7C, 0xFE, 0x7C, 0x38, 0x10, 0x00 }, //0x4 { 0x38, 0x7C, 0x38, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0x7C, 0x38, 0x7C }, //0x5 { 0x10, 0x10, 0x38, 0x7C, 0xFE, 0x7C, 0x38, 0x7C }, //0x6 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0x7 { 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xE7, 0xC3, 0xC3, 0xE7, 0xFF, 0xFF }, //0x8 { 0x00, 0x3C, 0x66, 0x42, 0x42, 0x66, 0x3C, 0x00 }, //0x9 { 0xFF, 0xC3, 0x99, 0xBD, 0xBD, 0x99, 0xC3, 0xFF }, //0xA { 0x0F, 0x07, 0x0F, 0x7D, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78 }, //0xB { 0x3C, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x7E, 0x18 }, //0xC { 0x3F, 0x33, 0x3F, 0x30, 0x30, 0x70, 0xF0, 0xE0 }, //0xD { 0x7F, 0x63, 0x7F, 0x63, 0x63, 0x67, 0xE6, 0xC0 }, //0xE { 0x99, 0x5A, 0x3C, 0xE7, 0xE7, 0x3C, 0x5A, 0x99 }, //0xF { 0x80, 0xE0, 0xF8, 0xFE, 0xF8, 0xE0, 0x80, 0x00 }, //0x10 { 0x02, 0x0E, 0x3E, 0xFE, 0x3E, 0x0E, 0x02, 0x00 }, //0x11 { 0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0x18, 0x18, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18 }, //0x12 { 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x00, 0x66, 0x00 }, //0x13 { 0x7F, 0xDB, 0xDB, 0x7B, 0x1B, 0x1B, 0x1B, 0x00 }, //0x14 { 0x3E, 0x63, 0x38, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x38, 0xCC, 0x78 }, //0x15 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7E, 0x7E, 0x7E, 0x00 }, //0x16 { 0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0x18, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0xFF }, //0x17 { 0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00 }, //0x18 { 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x00 }, //0x19 { 0x00, 0x18, 0x0C, 0xFE, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0x1A { 0x00, 0x30, 0x60, 0xFE, 0x60, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0x1B { 0x00, 0x00, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0x1C { 0x00, 0x24, 0x66, 0xFF, 0x66, 0x24, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0x1D { 0x00, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0x1E { 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0x1F { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0x20 { 0x30, 0x78, 0x78, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00, 0x30, 0x00 }, //0x21 { 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0x22 { 0x6C, 0x6C, 0xFE, 0x6C, 0xFE, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x00 }, //0x23 { 0x30, 0x7C, 0xC0, 0x78, 0x0C, 0xF8, 0x30, 0x00 }, //0x24 { 0x00, 0xC6, 0xCC, 0x18, 0x30, 0x66, 0xC6, 0x00 }, //0x25 { 0x38, 0x6C, 0x38, 0x76, 0xDC, 0xCC, 0x76, 0x00 }, //0x26 { 0x60, 0x60, 0xC0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0x27 { 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x30, 0x18, 0x00 }, //0x28 { 0x60, 0x30, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0x00 }, //0x29 { 0x00, 0x66, 0x3C, 0xFF, 0x3C, 0x66, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0x2A { 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0xFC, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0x2B { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x60 }, //0x2C { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0x2D { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00 }, //0x2E { 0x06, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x00 }, //0x2F { 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xCE, 0xDE, 0xF6, 0xE6, 0x7C, 0x00 }, //0x30 { 0x30, 0x70, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0xFC, 0x00 }, //0x31 { 0x78, 0xCC, 0x0C, 0x38, 0x60, 0xCC, 0xFC, 0x00 }, //0x32 { 0x78, 0xCC, 0x0C, 0x38, 0x0C, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x33 { 0x1C, 0x3C, 0x6C, 0xCC, 0xFE, 0x0C, 0x1E, 0x00 }, //0x34 { 0xFC, 0xC0, 0xF8, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x35 { 0x38, 0x60, 0xC0, 0xF8, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x36 { 0xFC, 0xCC, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00 }, //0x37 { 0x78, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x38 { 0x78, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x7C, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x70, 0x00 }, //0x39 { 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00 }, //0x3A { 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x60 }, //0x3B { 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0xC0, 0x60, 0x30, 0x18, 0x00 }, //0x3C { 0x00, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0x3D { 0x60, 0x30, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0x00 }, //0x3E { 0x78, 0xCC, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x00, 0x30, 0x00 }, //0x3F { 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xDE, 0xDE, 0xDE, 0xC0, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x40 { 0x30, 0x78, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xFC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x00 }, //0x41 { 0xFC, 0x66, 0x66, 0x7C, 0x66, 0x66, 0xFC, 0x00 }, //0x42 { 0x3C, 0x66, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0x66, 0x3C, 0x00 }, //0x43 { 0xF8, 0x6C, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x6C, 0xF8, 0x00 }, //0x44 { 0xFE, 0x62, 0x68, 0x78, 0x68, 0x62, 0xFE, 0x00 }, //0x45 { 0xFE, 0x62, 0x68, 0x78, 0x68, 0x60, 0xF0, 0x00 }, //0x46 { 0x3C, 0x66, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xCE, 0x66, 0x3E, 0x00 }, //0x47 { 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xFC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x00 }, //0x48 { 0x78, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x49 { 0x1E, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x4A { 0xE6, 0x66, 0x6C, 0x78, 0x6C, 0x66, 0xE6, 0x00 }, //0x4B { 0xF0, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x62, 0x66, 0xFE, 0x00 }, //0x4C { 0xC6, 0xEE, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0xD6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x00 }, //0x4D { 0xC6, 0xE6, 0xF6, 0xDE, 0xCE, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x00 }, //0x4E { 0x38, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x6C, 0x38, 0x00 }, //0x4F { 0xFC, 0x66, 0x66, 0x7C, 0x60, 0x60, 0xF0, 0x00 }, //0x50 { 0x78, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xDC, 0x78, 0x1C, 0x00 }, //0x51 { 0xFC, 0x66, 0x66, 0x7C, 0x6C, 0x66, 0xE6, 0x00 }, //0x52 { 0x78, 0xCC, 0xE0, 0x70, 0x1C, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x53 { 0xFC, 0xB4, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x54 { 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xFC, 0x00 }, //0x55 { 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x30, 0x00 }, //0x56 { 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xD6, 0xFE, 0xEE, 0xC6, 0x00 }, //0x57 { 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x6C, 0x38, 0x38, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0x00 }, //0x58 { 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x30, 0x30, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x59 { 0xFE, 0xC6, 0x8C, 0x18, 0x32, 0x66, 0xFE, 0x00 }, //0x5A { 0x78, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x5B { 0xC0, 0x60, 0x30, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x06, 0x02, 0x00 }, //0x5C { 0x78, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x5D { 0x10, 0x38, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0x5E { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF }, //0x5F { 0x30, 0x30, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0x60 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0x0C, 0x7C, 0xCC, 0x76, 0x00 }, //0x61 { 0xE0, 0x60, 0x60, 0x7C, 0x66, 0x66, 0xDC, 0x00 }, //0x62 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0xCC, 0xC0, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x63 { 0x1C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x7C, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x76, 0x00 }, //0x64 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0xCC, 0xFC, 0xC0, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x65 { 0x38, 0x6C, 0x60, 0xF0, 0x60, 0x60, 0xF0, 0x00 }, //0x66 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x76, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x7C, 0x0C, 0xF8 }, //0x67 { 0xE0, 0x60, 0x6C, 0x76, 0x66, 0x66, 0xE6, 0x00 }, //0x68 { 0x30, 0x00, 0x70, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x69 { 0x0C, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78 }, //0x6A { 0xE0, 0x60, 0x66, 0x6C, 0x78, 0x6C, 0xE6, 0x00 }, //0x6B { 0x70, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x6C { 0x00, 0x00, 0xCC, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0xD6, 0xC6, 0x00 }, //0x6D { 0x00, 0x00, 0xF8, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x00 }, //0x6E { 0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x6F { 0x00, 0x00, 0xDC, 0x66, 0x66, 0x7C, 0x60, 0xF0 }, //0x70 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x76, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x7C, 0x0C, 0x1E }, //0x71 { 0x00, 0x00, 0xDC, 0x76, 0x66, 0x60, 0xF0, 0x00 }, //0x72 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC0, 0x78, 0x0C, 0xF8, 0x00 }, //0x73 { 0x10, 0x30, 0x7C, 0x30, 0x30, 0x34, 0x18, 0x00 }, //0x74 { 0x00, 0x00, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x76, 0x00 }, //0x75 { 0x00, 0x00, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x30, 0x00 }, //0x76 { 0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0xD6, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0x6C, 0x00 }, //0x77 { 0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0x6C, 0x38, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0x00 }, //0x78 { 0x00, 0x00, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x7C, 0x0C, 0xF8 }, //0x79 { 0x00, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x98, 0x30, 0x64, 0xFC, 0x00 }, //0x7A { 0x1C, 0x30, 0x30, 0xE0, 0x30, 0x30, 0x1C, 0x00 }, //0x7B { 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00 }, //0x7C { 0xE0, 0x30, 0x30, 0x1C, 0x30, 0x30, 0xE0, 0x00 }, //0x7D { 0x76, 0xDC, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0x7E { 0x00, 0x10, 0x38, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xFE, 0x00 }, //0x7F { 0x78, 0xCC, 0xC0, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x78 }, //0x80 { 0x00, 0xCC, 0x00, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x7E, 0x00 }, //0x81 { 0x1C, 0x00, 0x78, 0xCC, 0xFC, 0xC0, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x82 { 0x7E, 0xC3, 0x3C, 0x06, 0x3E, 0x66, 0x3F, 0x00 }, //0x83 { 0xCC, 0x00, 0x78, 0x0C, 0x7C, 0xCC, 0x7E, 0x00 }, //0x84 { 0xE0, 0x00, 0x78, 0x0C, 0x7C, 0xCC, 0x7E, 0x00 }, //0x85 { 0x30, 0x30, 0x78, 0x0C, 0x7C, 0xCC, 0x7E, 0x00 }, //0x86 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0x78, 0x0C, 0x38 }, //0x87 { 0x7E, 0xC3, 0x3C, 0x66, 0x7E, 0x60, 0x3C, 0x00 }, //0x88 { 0xCC, 0x00, 0x78, 0xCC, 0xFC, 0xC0, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x89 { 0xE0, 0x00, 0x78, 0xCC, 0xFC, 0xC0, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x8A { 0xCC, 0x00, 0x70, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x8B { 0x7C, 0xC6, 0x38, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x00 }, //0x8C { 0xE0, 0x00, 0x70, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x8D { 0xC6, 0x38, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0xFE, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x00 }, //0x8E { 0x30, 0x30, 0x00, 0x78, 0xCC, 0xFC, 0xCC, 0x00 }, //0x8F { 0x1C, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x60, 0x78, 0x60, 0xFC, 0x00 }, //0x90 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x7F, 0x0C, 0x7F, 0xCC, 0x7F, 0x00 }, //0x91 { 0x3E, 0x6C, 0xCC, 0xFE, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCE, 0x00 }, //0x92 { 0x78, 0xCC, 0x00, 0x78, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x93 { 0x00, 0xCC, 0x00, 0x78, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x94 { 0x00, 0xE0, 0x00, 0x78, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x95 { 0x78, 0xCC, 0x00, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x7E, 0x00 }, //0x96 { 0x00, 0xE0, 0x00, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x7E, 0x00 }, //0x97 { 0x00, 0xCC, 0x00, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x7C, 0x0C, 0xF8 }, //0x98 { 0xC3, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x66, 0x66, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x00 }, //0x99 { 0xCC, 0x00, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0x9A { 0x18, 0x18, 0x7E, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0x7E, 0x18, 0x18 }, //0x9B { 0x38, 0x6C, 0x64, 0xF0, 0x60, 0xE6, 0xFC, 0x00 }, //0x9C { 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78, 0xFC, 0x30, 0xFC, 0x30, 0x30 }, //0x9D { 0xF8, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xFA, 0xC6, 0xCF, 0xC6, 0xC7 }, //0x9E { 0x0E, 0x1B, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0xD8, 0x70 }, //0x9F { 0x1C, 0x00, 0x78, 0x0C, 0x7C, 0xCC, 0x7E, 0x00 }, //0xA0 { 0x38, 0x00, 0x70, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0xA1 { 0x00, 0x1C, 0x00, 0x78, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0xA2 { 0x00, 0x1C, 0x00, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x7E, 0x00 }, //0xA3 { 0x00, 0xF8, 0x00, 0xF8, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x00 }, //0xA4 { 0xFC, 0x00, 0xCC, 0xEC, 0xFC, 0xDC, 0xCC, 0x00 }, //0xA5 { 0x3C, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x3E, 0x00, 0x7E, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xA6 { 0x38, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x38, 0x00, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xA7 { 0x30, 0x00, 0x30, 0x60, 0xC0, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0xA8 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFC, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xA9 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xAA { 0xC3, 0xC6, 0xCC, 0xDE, 0x33, 0x66, 0xCC, 0x0F }, //0xAB { 0xC3, 0xC6, 0xCC, 0xDB, 0x37, 0x6F, 0xCF, 0x03 }, //0xAC { 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00 }, //0xAD { 0x00, 0x33, 0x66, 0xCC, 0x66, 0x33, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xAE { 0x00, 0xCC, 0x66, 0x33, 0x66, 0xCC, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xAF { 0x22, 0x88, 0x22, 0x88, 0x22, 0x88, 0x22, 0x88 }, //0xB0 { 0x55, 0xAA, 0x55, 0xAA, 0x55, 0xAA, 0x55, 0xAA }, //0xB1 { 0xDB, 0x77, 0xDB, 0xEE, 0xDB, 0x77, 0xDB, 0xEE }, //0xB2 { 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18 }, //0xB3 { 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0xF8, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18 }, //0xB4 { 0x18, 0x18, 0xF8, 0x18, 0xF8, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18 }, //0xB5 { 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0xF6, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36 }, //0xB6 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36 }, //0xB7 { 0x00, 0x00, 0xF8, 0x18, 0xF8, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18 }, //0xB8 { 0x36, 0x36, 0xF6, 0x06, 0xF6, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36 }, //0xB9 { 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36 }, //0xBA { 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0x06, 0xF6, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36 }, //0xBB { 0x36, 0x36, 0xF6, 0x06, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xBC { 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xBD { 0x18, 0x18, 0xF8, 0x18, 0xF8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xBE { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF8, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18 }, //0xBF { 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x1F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xC0 { 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xC1 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18 }, //0xC2 { 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x1F, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18 }, //0xC3 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xC4 { 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0xFF, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18 }, //0xC5 { 0x18, 0x18, 0x1F, 0x18, 0x1F, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18 }, //0xC6 { 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x37, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36 }, //0xC7 { 0x36, 0x36, 0x37, 0x30, 0x3F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xC8 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x3F, 0x30, 0x37, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36 }, //0xC9 { 0x36, 0x36, 0xF7, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xCA { 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xF7, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36 }, //0xCB { 0x36, 0x36, 0x37, 0x30, 0x37, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36 }, //0xCC { 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xCD { 0x36, 0x36, 0xF7, 0x00, 0xF7, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36 }, //0xCE { 0x18, 0x18, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xCF { 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xD0 { 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18 }, //0xD1 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36 }, //0xD2 { 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x3F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xD3 { 0x18, 0x18, 0x1F, 0x18, 0x1F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xD4 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x1F, 0x18, 0x1F, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18 }, //0xD5 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3F, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36 }, //0xD6 { 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0xFF, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36 }, //0xD7 { 0x18, 0x18, 0xFF, 0x18, 0xFF, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18 }, //0xD8 { 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0xF8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xD9 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1F, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18 }, //0xDA { 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF }, //0xDB { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF }, //0xDC { 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0 }, //0xDD { 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F }, //0xDE { 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xDF { 0x00, 0x00, 0x76, 0xDC, 0xC8, 0xDC, 0x76, 0x00 }, //0xE0 { 0x00, 0x78, 0xCC, 0xF8, 0xCC, 0xF8, 0xC0, 0xC0 }, //0xE1 { 0x00, 0xFC, 0xCC, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0x00 }, //0xE2 { 0x00, 0xFE, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x00 }, //0xE3 { 0xFC, 0xCC, 0x60, 0x30, 0x60, 0xCC, 0xFC, 0x00 }, //0xE4 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x7E, 0xD8, 0xD8, 0xD8, 0x70, 0x00 }, //0xE5 { 0x00, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x7C, 0x60, 0xC0 }, //0xE6 { 0x00, 0x76, 0xDC, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00 }, //0xE7 { 0xFC, 0x30, 0x78, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x30, 0xFC }, //0xE8 { 0x38, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0xFE, 0xC6, 0x6C, 0x38, 0x00 }, //0xE9 { 0x38, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0xEE, 0x00 }, //0xEA { 0x1C, 0x30, 0x18, 0x7C, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00 }, //0xEB { 0x00, 0x00, 0x7E, 0xDB, 0xDB, 0x7E, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xEC { 0x06, 0x0C, 0x7E, 0xDB, 0xDB, 0x7E, 0x60, 0xC0 }, //0xED { 0x38, 0x60, 0xC0, 0xF8, 0xC0, 0x60, 0x38, 0x00 }, //0xEE { 0x78, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x00 }, //0xEF { 0x00, 0xFC, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xF0 { 0x30, 0x30, 0xFC, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x00 }, //0xF1 { 0x60, 0x30, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x00 }, //0xF2 { 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0x30, 0x18, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x00 }, //0xF3 { 0x0E, 0x1B, 0x1B, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18 }, //0xF4 { 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0xD8, 0xD8, 0x70 }, //0xF5 { 0x30, 0x30, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00 }, //0xF6 { 0x00, 0x76, 0xDC, 0x00, 0x76, 0xDC, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xF7 { 0x38, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x38, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xF8 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xF9 { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xFA { 0x0F, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0xEC, 0x6C, 0x3C, 0x1C }, //0xFB { 0x78, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xFC { 0x70, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xFD { 0x00, 0x00, 0x3C, 0x3C, 0x3C, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xFE { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, //0xFF };   static void writeMatrix_byte(unsigned char data) {     unsigned char i;     gpio_set_value(PIN_CS, 0);     for(i=8; i>=1; i--)     {         gpio_set_value(PIN_CLK, 0);         gpio_set_value(PIN_DIN, data&0x80);         data = data<<1;         gpio_set_value(PIN_CLK, 1);     } }   static void writeMatrix(unsigned char addr, unsigned char data) {     gpio_set_value(PIN_CS, 0);     writeMatrix_byte(addr);     writeMatrix_byte(data);     gpio_set_value(PIN_CS, 1); }   /** @brief 每次设备被代开的时候调用的设备打开函数  *  在本例中，该函数只是简单的累加numberOpens计数器。  *  @param inodep 指向inode对象的指针（定义在linux/fs.h头文件中）  *  @param filep 指向文件对象指针（定义在linux/fs.h头文件中）  */ static int dev_open(struct inode *inodep, struct file *filep) {    int req_din = gpio_request(PIN_DIN, "PIN_DIN");    int req_cs  = gpio_request(PIN_CS, "PIN_CS");    int req_clk = gpio_request(PIN_CLK, "PIN_CLK");      if (req_din || req_cs || req_clk) {       return -1;    }      gpio_direction_output(PIN_DIN, 0);    gpio_direction_output(PIN_CS, 0);    gpio_direction_output(PIN_CLK, 0);      numberOpens++;    printk(KERN_INFO "Device has been opened %d time(s)\n", numberOpens);      writeMatrix(0x09, 0x00);    writeMatrix(0x0a, 0x03);    writeMatrix(0x0b, 0x07);    writeMatrix(0x0c, 0x01);    writeMatrix(0x0f, 0x00);    return 0; }   /** @brief 该函数在设备从用户空间读取的时候被调用，即数据从设备向用户空间传输。  *  在本例中，通过copy_to_user()函数将缓冲区中的字符串发送给用户，并且捕获任何异常。  *  @param filep 指向文件对象的指针（定义在linux/fs.h头文件中）  *  @param buffer 指向本函数写入数据的缓冲区指针  *  @param len 缓冲区长度  *  @param offset 此次读取在内核缓冲区中的偏移量  */ static ssize_t dev_read(struct file *filep, char *buffer, size_t len, loff_t *offset) {    return 0; }   /** @brief 该函数在设备想用户空间写入的时候调用，即从数据从用户发往设备。  *  在此内核模块中，数据通过sprintf()函数复制到message[]数组中，同时字符串长度被保存到size_of_message变量中。  *  @param filep 指向文件对象的指针  *  @param buffer 包含待写入设备字符串的缓冲区  *  @param len 传递到const char类型缓冲区的数据长度  *  @param offset 文件设备当前偏移量  */ static ssize_t dev_write(struct file *filep, const char *buffer, size_t len, loff_t *offset) {    //sprintf(message, "%s(%d letters)", buffer, len);   // 通过长度追加当前接受到的字符串    unsigned char i;    for(i = 1; i < 9; i++)       writeMatrix(i, disp1[(unsigned char)buffer[0]][i-1]);    size_of_message = 1;    printk(KERN_INFO "Received characters %c from the user\n", buffer[0]);    return len; }   /** @brief 当设备被用户空间程序关闭/释放时调用的函数。  *  @param inodep 指向inode对象的指针（定义在linux/fs.h头文件中）  *  @param filep 指向文件对象的指针（定义在linux/fs.h头文件中）  */ static int dev_release(struct inode *inodep, struct file *filep) {    gpio_free(PIN_DIN);    gpio_free(PIN_CS);    gpio_free(PIN_CLK);    printk(KERN_INFO "Device closed.\n");    return 0; }   /** @brief 内核模块必须使用linux/init.h头文件中提供的module_init()、module_exit()宏，  *  在插入和清理的时候标识对应的函数（如上所列）  */ module_init(matrix_init); module_exit(matrix_exit);

 

编译后，生成后缀为ko的内核模块，使用insmod插入内核模块时，可以看到内核日志中带有初始化的信息提示，在使用open()打开设备文件后，可以看到其打开的信息提示。而通过write()往设备文件中写入数据时，亦可以看到内核日志中接收到字符的提示。