# ls etc/
ld.so.conf // 文件中的每一行路径可作为 运行时链接路径,修改之后,要运行 ldconfig 才生效 // 注意 运行程序时并不会解析该文件
ld.so.cache // ldconfig 之后,所有库文件都会被缓存到 该文件中 , 运行程序时 会 解析该文件// strace 得到的信息 : open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY) = 3// ld.so.cache 会记录 某个 libxxx.so在什么路径下
localtime // 保存当前的时区 , timedatectl 运行的时候 会 读取文件// 该文件一般为链接 , 指向 /etc/localtime -> ../usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai
rpc // 不知道是干什么的,像是一个参考文件,没被程序使用# file etc/ *
etc/ld.so.cache: data
etc/ld.so.conf: empty
etc/localtime: symbolic link to `../share/zoneinfo/Factory'
etc/rpc: ASCII C program text
// info 信息 , info 命令会用到# ls info/
dir libc.info-1 libc.info-11 libc.info-3 libc.info-5 libc.info-7 libc.info-9
libc.info libc.info-10 libc.info-2 libc.info-4 libc.info-6 libc.info-8# file info/ *
info/dir: data
info/libc.info: data
info/libc.info-1: data
info/libc.info-10: data
info/libc.info-11: data
info/libc.info-2: data
info/libc.info-3: data
info/libc.info-4: data
info/libc.info-5: data
info/libc.info-6: data
info/libc.info-7: data
info/libc.info-8: data
info/libc.info-9: data
// /libexec is reserved for executables initiated by an already runing program.# ls libexec/ -R
libexec/:
getconf pt_chown
libexec/getconf:
POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32 POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG
]# file libexec/*
libexec/pt_chown: setuid ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1(SYSV),for GNU/Linux 2.6.0, dynamically linked (uses shared libs), not stripped
libexec/getconf/POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1(SYSV),for GNU/Linux 2.6.0, dynamically linked (uses shared libs), not stripped
libexec/getconf/POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1(SYSV),for GNU/Linux 2.6.0, dynamically linked (uses shared libs), not stripped
lib
// 静态库,动态库# ls lib
crt1.o libBrokenLocale.so.1 libdl.so.2 libnss_compat.so libnss_nisplus.so.2 librt-2.5.1.so
crti.o libbsd-compat.a libg.a libnss_compat.so.2 libnss_nis.so librt.a
crtn.o libc-2.5.1.so libieee.a libnss_dns-2.5.1.so libnss_nis.so.2 librt.so
gconv libc.a libm-2.5.1.so libnss_dns.so libpcprofile.so librt.so.1
gcrt1.o libc_nonshared.a libm.a libnss_dns.so.2 libpthread-2.5.1.so libSegFault.so
ld-2.5.1.so libcrypt-2.5.1.so libmcheck.a libnss_files-2.5.1.so libpthread.a libthread_db-1.0.so
ld-linux.so.2 libcrypt.a libmemusage.so libnss_files.so libpthread_nonshared.a libthread_db.so
libanl-2.5.1.so libcrypt.so libm.so libnss_files.so.2 libpthread.so libthread_db.so.1
libanl.a libcrypt.so.1 libm.so.6 libnss_hesiod-2.5.1.so libpthread.so.0 libutil-2.5.1.so
libanl.so libc.so libnsl-2.5.1.so libnss_hesiod.so libresolv-2.5.1.so libutil.a
libanl.so.1 libc.so.6 libnsl.a libnss_hesiod.so.2 libresolv.a libutil.so
libBrokenLocale-2.5.1.so libdl-2.5.1.so libnsl.so libnss_nis-2.5.1.so libresolv.so libutil.so.1
libBrokenLocale.a libdl.a libnsl.so.1 libnss_nisplus-2.5.1.so libresolv.so.2 Mcrt1.o
libBrokenLocale.so libdl.so libnss_compat-2.5.1.so libnss_nisplus.so librpcsvc.a Scrt1.o
lib ]# s-dir_num // usr/lib/gconv 下都是 so 文件./gconv :240
lib ]# ls -l |grep "^-"| awk -F " "'{print $8}'| xargs // 除去 /usr/lib/gconv 中的文件,有 48个普通文件
crt1.o crti.o crtn.o gcrt1.o ld-2.5.1.so libanl-2.5.1.so libanl.a libBrokenLocale-2.5.1.so libBrokenLocale.a libbsd-compat.a libc-2.5.1.so libc.a libc_nonshared.a libcrypt-2.5.1.so libcrypt.a libc.so libdl-2.5.1.so libdl.a libg.a libieee.a libm-2.5.1.so libm.a libmcheck.a libmemusage.so libnsl-2.5.1.so libnsl.a libnss_compat-2.5.1.so libnss_dns-2.5.1.so libnss_files-2.5.1.so libnss_hesiod-2.5.1.so libnss_nis-2.5.1.so libnss_nisplus-2.5.1.so libpcprofile.so libpthread-2.5.1.so libpthread.a libpthread_nonshared.a libpthread.so libresolv-2.5.1.so libresolv.a librpcsvc.a librt-2.5.1.so librt.a libSegFault.so libthread_db-1.0.so libutil-2.5.1.so libutil.a Mcrt1.o Scrt1.o
# ls | xargs file | sort -k 2 // 这两个不知道为什么是 ASCII 文件//名为.so的文件时,它可能是// 1.共享库 // 运行时被使用// 2.共享库的链接文件 // 链接时被使用// 3.链接器脚本 // GNU ld 系统上的.so文件有可能是链接器脚本 (例如 libc.so)
libc.so: ASCII C program text
libpthread.so: ASCII C program text
// 静态库
libc.a: current ar archive
libg.a: current ar archive
libm.a: current ar archive
libdl.a: current ar archive
librt.a: current ar archive
libanl.a: current ar archive
libnsl.a: current ar archive
libutil.a: current ar archive
libcrypt.a: current ar archive
libresolv.a: current ar archive
librpcsvc.a: current ar archive
libpthread.a: current ar archive
libbsd-compat.a: current ar archive
libc_nonshared.a: current ar archive
libBrokenLocale.a: current ar archive
libpthread_nonshared.a: current ar archive
// 用于编码间转换的gconv文件,头文件在 gconv.h
gconv: directory
// 跟 程序的 启动有关,一般会将其 与 程序一起链接
crt1.o: ELF 32-bit LSB relocatable, Intel 80386, version 1(SYSV),for GNU/Linux 2.6.0, not stripped
gcrt1.o: ELF 32-bit LSB relocatable, Intel 80386, version 1(SYSV),for GNU/Linux 2.6.0, not stripped
Scrt1.o: ELF 32-bit LSB relocatable, Intel 80386, version 1(SYSV),for GNU/Linux 2.6.0, not stripped
crti.o: ELF 32-bit LSB relocatable, Intel 80386, version 1(SYSV), not stripped
crtn.o: ELF 32-bit LSB relocatable, Intel 80386, version 1(SYSV), not stripped
Mcrt1.o: ELF 32-bit LSB relocatable, Intel 80386, version 1(SYSV), not stripped
libieee.a: ELF 32-bit LSB relocatable, Intel 80386, version 1(SYSV), not stripped
libmcheck.a: ELF 32-bit LSB relocatable, Intel 80386, version 1(SYSV), not stripped
// 动态 库
libc-2.5.1.so: ELF 32-bit LSB shared object, Intel 80386, version 1(SYSV),for GNU/Linux 2.6.0, not stripped
libm-2.5.1.so: ELF 32-bit LSB shared object, Intel 80386, version 1(SYSV),for GNU/Linux 2.6.0, not stripped
libdl-2.5.1.so: ELF 32-bit LSB shared object, Intel 80386, version 1(SYSV),for GNU/Linux 2.6.0, not stripped
libmemusage.so: ELF 32-bit LSB shared object, Intel 80386, version 1(SYSV),for GNU/Linux 2.6.0, not stripped
librt-2.5.1.so: ELF 32-bit LSB shared object, Intel 80386, version 1(SYSV),for GNU/Linux 2.6.0, not stripped
libSegFault.so: ELF 32-bit LSB shared object, Intel 80386, version 1(SYSV),for GNU/Linux 2.6.0, not stripped
libanl-2.5.1.so: ELF 32-bit LSB shared object, Intel 80386, version 1(SYSV),for GNU/Linux 2.6.0, not stripped
libnsl-2.5.1.so: ELF 32-bit LSB shared object, Intel 80386, version 1(SYSV),for GNU/Linux 2.6.0, not stripped
libpcprofile.so: ELF 32-bit LSB shared object, Intel 80386, version 1(SYSV),for GNU/Linux 2.6.0, not stripped
libutil-2.5.1.so: ELF 32-bit LSB shared object, Intel 80386, version 1(SYSV),for GNU/Linux 2.6.0, not stripped
libcrypt-2.5.1.so: ELF 32-bit LSB shared object, Intel 80386, version 1(SYSV),for GNU/Linux 2.6.0, not stripped
libresolv-2.5.1.so: ELF 32-bit LSB shared object, Intel 80386, version 1(SYSV),for GNU/Linux 2.6.0, not stripped
libnss_dns-2.5.1.so: ELF 32-bit LSB shared object, Intel 80386, version 1(SYSV),for GNU/Linux 2.6.0, not stripped
libnss_nis-2.5.1.so: ELF 32-bit LSB shared object, Intel 80386, version 1(SYSV),for GNU/Linux 2.6.0, not stripped
libpthread-2.5.1.so: ELF 32-bit LSB shared object, Intel 80386, version 1(SYSV),for GNU/Linux 2.6.0, not stripped
libthread_db-1.0.so: ELF 32-bit LSB shared object, Intel 80386, version 1(SYSV),for GNU/Linux 2.6.0, not stripped
libnss_files-2.5.1.so: ELF 32-bit LSB shared object, Intel 80386, version 1(SYSV),for GNU/Linux 2.6.0, not stripped
libnss_compat-2.5.1.so: ELF 32-bit LSB shared object, Intel 80386, version 1(SYSV),for GNU/Linux 2.6.0, not stripped
libnss_hesiod-2.5.1.so: ELF 32-bit LSB shared object, Intel 80386, version 1(SYSV),for GNU/Linux 2.6.0, not stripped
libnss_nisplus-2.5.1.so: ELF 32-bit LSB shared object, Intel 80386, version 1(SYSV),for GNU/Linux 2.6.0, not stripped
libBrokenLocale-2.5.1.so: ELF 32-bit LSB shared object, Intel 80386, version 1(SYSV),for GNU/Linux 2.6.0, not stripped
ld-2.5.1.so: ELF 32-bit LSB shared object, Intel 80386, version 1(SYSV), not stripped
// 链接文件 , 一般 .so 属于 devel 包中的数据
ld-linux.so.2: symbolic link to `ld-2.5.1.so'
libanl.so.1: symbolic link to `libanl-2.5.1.so'
libanl.so: symbolic link to `libanl.so.1'
libBrokenLocale.so.1: symbolic link to `libBrokenLocale-2.5.1.so'
libBrokenLocale.so: symbolic link to `libBrokenLocale.so.1'
libc.so.6: symbolic link to `libc-2.5.1.so'
libcrypt.so.1: symbolic link to `libcrypt-2.5.1.so'
libcrypt.so: symbolic link to `libcrypt.so.1'
libdl.so.2: symbolic link to `libdl-2.5.1.so'
libdl.so: symbolic link to `libdl.so.2'
libm.so.6: symbolic link to `libm-2.5.1.so'
libm.so: symbolic link to `libm.so.6'
libnsl.so.1: symbolic link to `libnsl-2.5.1.so'
libnsl.so: symbolic link to `libnsl.so.1'
libnss_compat.so.2: symbolic link to `libnss_compat-2.5.1.so'
libnss_compat.so: symbolic link to `libnss_compat.so.2'
libnss_dns.so.2: symbolic link to `libnss_dns-2.5.1.so'
libnss_dns.so: symbolic link to `libnss_dns.so.2'
libnss_files.so.2: symbolic link to `libnss_files-2.5.1.so'
libnss_files.so: symbolic link to `libnss_files.so.2'
libnss_hesiod.so.2: symbolic link to `libnss_hesiod-2.5.1.so'
libnss_hesiod.so: symbolic link to `libnss_hesiod.so.2'
libnss_nis.so.2: symbolic link to `libnss_nis-2.5.1.so'
libnss_nisplus.so.2: symbolic link to `libnss_nisplus-2.5.1.so'
libnss_nisplus.so: symbolic link to `libnss_nisplus.so.2'
libnss_nis.so: symbolic link to `libnss_nis.so.2'
libpthread.so.0: symbolic link to `libpthread-2.5.1.so'
libresolv.so.2: symbolic link to `libresolv-2.5.1.so'
libresolv.so: symbolic link to `libresolv.so.2'
librt.so.1: symbolic link to `librt-2.5.1.so'
librt.so: symbolic link to `librt.so.1'
libthread_db.so.1: symbolic link to `libthread_db-1.0.so'
libthread_db.so: symbolic link to `libthread_db.so.1'
libutil.so.1: symbolic link to `libutil-2.5.1.so'
libutil.so: symbolic link to `libutil.so.1'
In the early 1990s,the developers of the Linux kernel forked glibc. Their fork,called “Linux libc”,was maintained separately for years and released versions 2 through 5.
When FSF released glibc 2.0 in January 1997,…. At this point,the Linux kernel developers discontinued their fork and returned to using FSF’s glibc.[6]
The last used version of Linux libc used the internal name (soname) libc.so.5. Following on from this,glibc 2.x on Linux uses the soname libc.so.6
libc.so 内容
root [ ~ ]# cat /usr/lib/libpthread.so
/* GNU ld script
Use the shared library, but some functions are only in
the static library, so try that secondarily. */
OUTPUT_FORMAT(elf32-i386)
GROUP ( /lib/libpthread.so.0 /usr/lib/libpthread_nonshared.a )
root [ ~ ]# cat /usr/lib/libc.so
/* GNU ld script
Use the shared library, but some functions are only in
the static library, so try that secondarily. */
OUTPUT_FORMAT(elf32-i386)
GROUP ( /lib/libc.so.6 /usr/lib/libc_nonshared.a AS_NEEDED ( /lib/ld-linux.so.2 ) )
-------
[suweishuai@localhost ~]$ cat /usr/lib64/libpthread.so
/* GNU ld script
Use the shared library, but some functions are only in
the static library, so try that secondarily. */
OUTPUT_FORMAT(elf64-x86-64)
GROUP ( /lib64/libpthread.so.0 /usr/lib64/libpthread_nonshared.a )
[suweishuai@localhost ~]$ cat /usr/lib64/libc.so
/* GNU ld script
Use the shared library, but some functions are only in
the static library, so try that secondarily. */
OUTPUT_FORMAT(elf64-x86-64)
GROUP ( /lib64/libc.so.6 /usr/lib64/libc_nonshared.a AS_NEEDED ( /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 ) )
crt
Files of the form *crt*.o are invariably C runtime startup code (the bulk of the C runtime tends to exist in libraries, the startup code is an object file as it's always needed).
The description of the various types can be found here, copied below to make the answer self-contained. First some definitions:
Mini FAQ about the misc libc/gcc crt files.
Some definitions:
PIC - position independent code (-fPIC)
PIE - position independent executable (-fPIE -pie)
crt - C runtime
Then the various startup object files:
crt0.o
Older style of the initial runtime code ? Usually not generated anymore
with Linux toolchains, but often found in bare metal toolchains. Serves
same purpose as crt1.o (see below).
crt1.o
Newer style of the initial runtime code. Contains the _start symbol which
sets up the env with argc/argv/libc _init/libc _fini before jumping to the
libc main. glibc calls this file 'start.S'.
crti.o
Defines the function prolog; _init in the .init section and _fini in the
.fini section. glibc calls this 'initfini.c'.
crtn.o
Defines the function epilog. glibc calls this 'initfini.c'.
Scrt1.o
Used in place of crt1.o when generating PIEs.
gcrt1.o
Used in place of crt1.o when generating code with profiling information.
Compile with -pg. Produces output suitable for the gprof util.
Mcrt1.o
Like gcrt1.o, but is used with the prof utility. glibc installs this as
a dummy file as it's useless on linux systems.
And some others:
crtbegin.o
GCC uses this to find the start of the constructors.
crtbeginS.o
Used in place of crtbegin.o when generating shared objects/PIEs.
crtbeginT.o
Used in place of crtbegin.o when generating static executables.
crtend.o
GCC uses this to find the start of the destructors.
crtendS.o
Used in place of crtend.o when generating shared objects/PIEs.
Finally, common linking order:
General linking order:
crt1.o crti.o crtbegin.o [-L paths][user objects][gcc libs][C libs][gcc libs] crtend.o crtn.o
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