ubuntu 22.04 安装python3.8

注意事项

• 千万千万不要卸载 系统自带的 python
• 卸载了也不要怕

卸载了 图形界面 都打不开了,因为卸载 python3.10 的时候 同时卸载了 一些图形界面的依赖
但是ssh还是能上去的,毕竟 python 不是init系统组件,不会导致系统无法启动

1. python 切回到 python 3.10
2. 去 /var/log/apt/history.log 找到你卸载 python3.10 时 所有的卸载了哪些包
3. 重新安装这些包

当前的python 3.10

ii  libpython3.10:amd64                        3.10.6-1~22.04.2ubuntu1.1               amd64        Shared Python runtime library (version 3.10)
ii  libpython3.10-dev:amd64                    3.10.6-1~22.04.2ubuntu1.1               amd64        Header files and a static library for Python (v3.10)
ii  libpython3.10-minimal:amd64                3.10.6-1~22.04.2ubuntu1.1               amd64        Minimal subset of the Python language (version 3.10)
ii  libpython3.10-stdlib:amd64                 3.10.6-1~22.04.2ubuntu1.1               amd64        Interactive high-level object-oriented language (standard library, version 3.10)
ii  python3.10                                 3.10.6-1~22.04.2ubuntu1.1               amd64        Interactive high-level object-oriented language (version 3.10)
ii  python3.10-dev                             3.10.6-1~22.04.2ubuntu1.1               amd64        Header files and a static library for Python (v3.10)
ii  python3.10-minimal                         3.10.6-1~22.04.2ubuntu1.1               amd64        Minimal subset of the Python language (version 3.10)

当前的python3

ii  python-dev-is-python3                      3.9.2-2                                 all          symlinks /usr/bin/python-config to python3-config
ii  python-is-python3                          3.9.2-2                                 all          symlinks /usr/bin/python to python3
ii  python3-apt                                2.4.0ubuntu1                            amd64        Python 3 interface to libapt-pkg
ii  python3-blinker                            1.4+dfsg1-0.4                           all          fast, simple object-to-object and broadcast signaling library
ii  python3-cffi-backend:amd64                 1.15.0-1build2                          amd64        Foreign Function Interface for Python 3 calling C code - runtime
ii  python3-cryptography                       3.4.8-1ubuntu2                          amd64        Python library exposing cryptographic recipes and primitives (Python 3)
rc  python3-cupshelpers                        1.5.16-0ubuntu3                         all          Python utility modules around the CUPS printing system
ii  python3-dbus                               1.2.18-3build1                          amd64        simple interprocess messaging system (Python 3 interface)
ii  python3-distro                             1.7.0-1                                 all          Linux OS platform information API
ii  python3-distro-info                        1.1build1                               all          information about distributions' releases (Python 3 module)
ii  python3-gi                                 3.42.1-0ubuntu1                         amd64        Python 3 bindings for gobject-introspection libraries
ii  python3-httplib2                           0.20.2-2                                all          comprehensive HTTP client library written for Python3
ii  python3-importlib-metadata                 4.6.4-1                                 all          library to access the metadata for a Python package - Python 3.x
ii  python3-jeepney                            0.7.1-3                                 all          pure Python D-Bus interface
ii  python3-jwt                                2.3.0-1ubuntu0.2                        all          Python 3 implementation of JSON Web Token
ii  python3-keyring                            23.5.0-1                                all          store and access your passwords safely
ii  python3-launchpadlib                       1.10.16-1                               all          Launchpad web services client library (Python 3)
ii  python3-lazr.restfulclient                 0.14.4-1                                all          client for lazr.restful-based web services (Python 3)
ii  python3-lazr.uri                           1.0.6-2                                 all          library for parsing, manipulating, and generating URIs
ii  python3-more-itertools                     8.10.0-2                                all          library with routines for operating on iterables, beyond itertools (Python 3)
ii  python3-oauthlib                           3.2.0-1ubuntu0.1                        all          generic, spec-compliant implementation of OAuth for Python3
ii  python3-pkg-resources                      59.6.0-1.2ubuntu0.22.04.1               all          Package Discovery and Resource Access using pkg_resources
ii  python3-pyparsing                          2.4.7-1                                 all          alternative to creating and executing simple grammars - Python 3.x
ii  python3-secretstorage                      3.3.1-1                                 all          Python module for storing secrets - Python 3.x version
ii  python3-six                                1.16.0-3ubuntu1                         all          Python 2 and 3 compatibility library (Python 3 interface)
ii  python3-software-properties                0.99.22.7                               all          manage the repositories that you install software from
rc  python3-uno                                1:7.3.6-0ubuntu0.22.04.2                amd64        Python-UNO bridge
ii  python3-wadllib                            1.3.6-1                                 all          Python 3 library for navigating WADL files
ii  python3-zipp                               1.0.0-3                                 all          pathlib-compatible Zipfile object wrapper - Python 3.x

python 3.8 安装

sudo apt install software-properties-common
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
// sudo add-apt-repository 'deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/debian/ buster-backports main'
// sudo add-apt-repository --remove 'deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/debian/ buster-backports main'

sudo apt install software-properties-common
sudo echo "deb http://deb.debian.org/debian buster-backports main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/backports.list
sudo apt update
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys <KEY>
// sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 8B48AD6246925553
sudo apt update

// 安装python3.8
sudo apt install python3.8 libpython3.8-dev python3.8-dev python3.8-distutils

ii  libpython3.8:amd64                         3.8.17-1+jammy1                         amd64        Shared Python runtime library (version 3.8)
ii  libpython3.8-dev:amd64                     3.8.17-1+jammy1                         amd64        Header files and a static library for Python (v3.8)
ii  libpython3.8-minimal:amd64                 3.8.17-1+jammy1                         amd64        Minimal subset of the Python language (version 3.8)
ii  libpython3.8-stdlib:amd64                  3.8.17-1+jammy1                         amd64        Interactive high-level object-oriented language (standard library, version 3.8)
ii  python3.8                                  3.8.17-1+jammy1                         amd64        Interactive high-level object-oriented language (version 3.8)
ii  python3.8-dev                              3.8.17-1+jammy1                         amd64        Header files and a static library for Python (v3.8)
ii  python3.8-minimal                          3.8.17-1+jammy1                         amd64        Minimal subset of the Python language (version 3.8)

python 3.8 与 python 3.10的切换

• python 3.18

$ sudo ln -sf /usr/bin/python3.8-config  /usr/bin/python3-config
$ sudo ln -sf /usr/bin/python3.8 /usr/bin/python3
$ ls -l /usr/bin/python*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       7 10月 11  2021 /usr/bin/python -> python3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      18  6月 11 15:30 /usr/bin/python3 -> /usr/bin/python3.8
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      25  6月 11 16:18 /usr/bin/python3-config -> /usr/bin/python3.8-config
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      14 10月 11  2021 /usr/bin/python-config -> python3-config

• python 3.10

$ sudo ln -sf /usr/bin/python3.10-config  /usr/bin/python3-config
$ sudo ln -sf /usr/bin/python3.10 /usr/bin/python3
$ ls -l /usr/bin/python*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       7 10月 11  2021 /usr/bin/python -> python3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      18  6月 11 15:30 /usr/bin/python3 -> /usr/bin/python3.10
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      25  6月 11 16:18 /usr/bin/python3-config -> /usr/bin/python3.10-config
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      14 10月 11  2021 /usr/bin/python-config -> python3-config

• 加入 update-alternatives

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3   /usr/bin/python3.10 10
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3-config python3-config   /usr/bin/python3.10-config 10
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3   /usr/bin/python3.8 8
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3-config python3-config   /usr/bin/python3.8-config 8

sudo update-alternatives --config python3
sudo update-alternatives --config python3-config

ubuntu22.04 卸载 python3.10 包时卸载的所有包

lsb-release
python3-blinker
orca
networkd-dispatcher
libglib2.0-dev-bin
printer-driver-m2300w
ssh-import-id
python3.10
python3-colorama
python3-gi
python3-tz
gnome-user-docs
libatk-bridge2.0-dev
nautilus-extension-gnome-terminal
python3-samba
python3-distupgrade
python3-brlapi
update-manager
python3-dnspython
python3-dateutil
dnf
printer-driver-foo2zjs-common
gyp
usb-creator-common
libglib2.0-dev
python3-monotonic
python3-cffi-backend
npm
samba-vfs-modules
apport-gtk
python3-lib2to3
ibus-table
ufw
python3-lazr.restfulclient
libgtk2.0-dev
python3-lockfile
python3-ibus-1.0
deja-dup
apturl-common
python3-jeepney
ubuntu-drivers-common
python3-ptyprocess
ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk
usb-creator-gtk
trash-cli
python3-reportlab-accel
python3-distro
python3-pymacaroons
ubuntu-advantage-desktop-daemon
python3-defer
plymouth-theme-spinner
libatspi2.0-dev
python3-reportlab
language-selector-gnome
software-properties-common
nfs-common
samba
rhythmbox-plugins
python3-requests
aptdaemon
openprinting-ppds
python3-importlib-metadata
python3-speechd
plymouth-theme-ubuntu-text
python3-httplib2
python3
system-config-printer-udev
python3-urllib3
python3-aptdaemon
xserver-xorg
gedit-common
python3-software-properties
libsmbclient
python3-pyparsing
python3-lazr.uri
gnome-shell
python3-more-itertools
samba-dsdb-modules
python3-macaroonbakery
python3-wheel
nfs-kernel-server
samba-common-bin
python3-louis
python3-pkg-resources
python3-wadllib
python3-unbound
python3-gdbm
language-selector-common
system-config-printer-common
python3-libdnf
python3-talloc
printer-driver-foo2zjs
ubuntu-desktop
gdm3
python3-pexpect
totem-plugins
gnome-shell-extension-desktop-icons-ng
python3-oauthlib
node-gyp
python3-pyatspi
gnome-shell-extension-appindicator
printer-driver-postscript-hp
update-notifier
python3-mako
python3-cairo
duplicity
printer-driver-pxljr
python3-click
libatk1.0-dev
libgdk-pixbuf-2.0-dev
gvfs-backends
update-manager-core
python3-xkit
python3-fasteners
python3-apt
software-properties-gtk
gnome-online-accounts
gedit
python3-dev
python3-dnf
python3-netifaces
printer-driver-ptouch
python3-certifi
python3-renderpm
python3-gpg
xorg
python3-markupsafe
python3-distro-info
python3-jwt
ubuntu-session
python3-ldb
python3-libcomps
system-config-printer
python3-pil
python3-pip
scons
hplip
python3-rpm
python3-protobuf
python3-six
gnome-menus
python3-tdb
python3-markdown
printer-driver-sag-gdi
apturl
python3-uno
python3-nacl
python3.10-dev
ubuntu-docs
python3-xdg
python3-yaml
rhythmbox-plugin-alternative-toolbar
gnome-shell-extension-ubuntu-dock
samba-libs
gnome-control-center
ubuntu-desktop-minimal
python3-update-manager
yelp
netplan.io
python3-distutils
python3-apport
python3-keyring
python3-commandnotfound
python3-rfc3339
hplip-data
python3-aptdaemon.gtk3widgets
nautilus-share
python3-cups
python3-idna
python3-olefile
gnome-terminal
python3-pygments
ibus
libgtk-3-dev
python3-bcrypt
python3-chardet
unattended-upgrades
libcairo2-dev
python3-debconf
python3-setuptools
ubuntu-release-upgrader-core
command-not-found
python3-cryptography
ubuntu-advantage-tools
python3-launchpadlib
python3-hawkey
python3-dbus
python3-requests-toolbelt
libharfbuzz-dev
libpango1.0-dev
python3-problem-report
python3-cupshelpers
python3-future
python3-gi-cairo
apport
python3-zipp
python3-paramiko
python3-secretstorage
python3-systemd
foomatic-db-compressed-ppds
libwacom-bin
update-notifier-common
python3-debian