【opencv】3.Opencv视频的显示和保存

本文主要写两个功能，基于opencv视频的读取显视，以及视频的保存。

1、视频的读取

视频的读取这里主要讲三个方面的内容，分别摄像头，视频文件以及网络摄像头的rtsp

opencv是通过pip安装的，可以包含大部分的功能。

import cv2
print(cv2.__version__)

4.4.0

#读摄像头
url = 0 # 1或其它整数，表示摄像头的序号
#读视频文件
url = "test.mp4" #直接写文件的路径名就行
#读网络摄像头的rtsp
url="rtsp://用户名:密码@IP:端口号/h264/ch1/main/av_stream" # 主视频流
url="rtsp://用户名:密码@IP:端口号/h264/ch1/sub/av_stream" # 子视频流，比主视频流图像要小，解决网络不好等情况

cap= cv2.VideoCapture(url)#完成对相应内容的打开

2、视频的显示

有两种显示，一种是默认的显示方式，不可调大小；另一种是基于窗口的显示。所有内容以电脑本地摄像头为例

2.1 默认显示

import numpy as np
import cv2
cap=cv2.VideoCapture(0)
if not cap.isOpened():
    print("Cannot open camera")
    exit()
#输出摄像头的信息    
fps = cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FPS)
width = int(cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH))
height = int(cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT))
size =(width,height)
print("the size(w,h) of frame:{}".format(size))
print("the fps of the video:{}".format(fps))

while True:
    #逐帧捕获
    ret,frame=cap.read()
    #如果正确读帧，ret为True
    if not ret:
        print("Can't receive frame (stream end?). Exiting...")
        break
    #do something to the frame
    frame=cv2.flip(frame,1,dst=None)
    cv2.imshow('frame',frame)
    if cv2.waitKey(1) == ord('q') or cv2.waitKey(1) == ord('Q'):#按键q退出
        break
#完成所有操作后，释放捕获器
cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

the size(w,h) of frame:(640, 480)
the fps of the video:30.0

2.2带窗口显示

带窗口显示可以根据读取帧的大小，设定窗口，并可以全屏或鼠标调整显示大小

import numpy as np
import cv2
import time

WINDOW_NAME="Camera Demo"#窗口名字
cap=cv2.VideoCapture(0)
if not cap.isOpened():
    print("摄像头打开失败，时间：",time.strftime("%Y年%m月%d日 %H：%M：%S",time.localtime()))
    exit()
#输出摄像头的信息    
fps = cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FPS)
width = int(cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH))
height = int(cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT))
size =(width,height)
print("the size(w,h) of frame:{}".format(size))
print("the fps of the video:{}".format(fps))

show_help = True
full_scrn = False
help_text = '"Esc" to Quit, "H" for Help, "F" to Toggle Fullscreen'
font = cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_PLAIN 

cv2.namedWindow(WINDOW_NAME, cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL)  
cv2.resizeWindow(WINDOW_NAME, width, height)
cv2.moveWindow(WINDOW_NAME, 0, 0)
# cv2.setWindowTitle(WINDOW_NAME, 'Camera Demo1')#可以改窗口的名称

print("摄像头打开时间：",time.strftime('%Y{y}%m{m}%d{d} %H{h}%M{f}%S{s}').format(y='年', m='月', d='日', h='时', f='分', s='秒'))
while True:
    #逐帧捕获
    if cv2.getWindowProperty(WINDOW_NAME, 0) < 0:
        # Check to see if the user has closed the window
        # If yes, terminate the program
        break
    ret,frame=cap.read()
    #如果正确读帧，ret为True
    if not ret:
        print("Can't receive frame (stream end?). Exiting...")
        print("摄像头读取失败，时间",time.strftime('%Y{y}%m{m}%d{d} %H{h}%M{f}%S{s}').format(y='年', m='月', d='日', h='时', f='分', s='秒'))
        break
    if show_help:
        cv2.putText(frame, help_text, (11, 20), font,
                    1.0, (32, 32, 32), 4, cv2.LINE_AA)
        cv2.putText(frame, help_text, (10, 20), font,
                    1.0, (240, 240, 240), 1, cv2.LINE_AA)
        
    #do something to the frame
    cv2.imshow(WINDOW_NAME, frame)
    key = cv2.waitKey(1)
    if key == 27: # ESC key: quit program            
        print("摄像头关闭时间：",time.strftime('%Y{y}%m{m}%d{d} %H{h}%M{f}%S{s}').format(y='年', m='月', d='日', h='时', f='分', s='秒'))
        break
    elif key == ord('H') or key == ord('h'): # toggle help message
        show_help = not show_help
    elif key == ord('F') or key == ord('f'): # toggle fullscreen
        full_scrn = not full_scrn
        if full_scrn:
            cv2.setWindowProperty(WINDOW_NAME, cv2.WND_PROP_FULLSCREEN,
                                cv2.WINDOW_FULLSCREEN)
        else:
            cv2.setWindowProperty(WINDOW_NAME, cv2.WND_PROP_FULLSCREEN,
                                cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL)
#完成所有操作后，释放捕获器
cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

the size(w,h) of frame:(640, 480)
the fps of the video:30.0
摄像头打开时间： 2020年09月12日 12时23分10秒
摄像头关闭时间： 2020年09月12日 12时24分24秒

3、视频的保存

视频在显示的同时，还可以进行保存，所在本节将结合第二节中视频的显示部分，在显示的同时完成视频保存

import numpy as np
import cv2
import time

WINDOW_NAME="Camera Demo"#窗口名字
cap=cv2.VideoCapture(0)
if not cap.isOpened():
    print("摄像头打开失败，时间：",time.strftime("%Y年%m月%d日 %H：%M：%S",time.localtime()))
    exit()
#输出摄像头的信息    
fps = cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FPS)
width = int(cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH))
height = int(cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT))
size =(width,height)
print("the size(w,h) of frame:{}".format(size))
print("the fps of the video:{}".format(fps))

show_help = True
full_scrn = False
help_text = '"Esc" to Quit, "H" for Help, "F" to Toggle Fullscreen'
font = cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_PLAIN 

cv2.namedWindow(WINDOW_NAME, cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL)  
cv2.resizeWindow(WINDOW_NAME, width, height)
cv2.moveWindow(WINDOW_NAME, 0, 0)
# cv2.setWindowTitle(WINDOW_NAME, 'Camera Demo1')#可以改窗口的名称

# 定义编解码器并创建VideoWriter对象
# fourcc = cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*'XVID')  #输出avi视频
fourcc = cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*'mp4v')    #输出MP4文件

#接着要进行视频保存
time_text =time.strftime('%Y{y}%m{m}%d{d} %H{h}%M{f}%S{s}').format(y='年', m='月', d='日', h='时', f='分', s='秒')
output_path = "%s.mp4" % time_text
out = cv2.VideoWriter(output_path, fourcc, fps, size)

print("摄像头打开时间：",time.strftime('%Y{y}%m{m}%d{d} %H{h}%M{f}%S{s}').format(y='年', m='月', d='日', h='时', f='分', s='秒'))
while True:
    #逐帧捕获
    if cv2.getWindowProperty(WINDOW_NAME, 0) < 0:
        # Check to see if the user has closed the window
        # If yes, terminate the program
        break
    ret,frame=cap.read()
    #如果正确读帧，ret为True
    if not ret:
        print("Can't receive frame (stream end?). Exiting...")
        print("摄像头读取失败，时间",time.strftime('%Y{y}%m{m}%d{d} %H{h}%M{f}%S{s}').format(y='年', m='月', d='日', h='时', f='分', s='秒'))
        break
    if show_help:
        cv2.putText(frame, help_text, (11, 20), font,
                    1.0, (32, 32, 32), 4, cv2.LINE_AA)
        cv2.putText(frame, help_text, (10, 20), font,
                    1.0, (240, 240, 240), 1, cv2.LINE_AA)
        
    #do something to the frame
    out.write(frame)
    cv2.imshow(WINDOW_NAME, frame)
    key = cv2.waitKey(1)
    if key == 27: # ESC key: quit program            
        print("摄像头关闭时间：",time.strftime('%Y{y}%m{m}%d{d} %H{h}%M{f}%S{s}').format(y='年', m='月', d='日', h='时', f='分', s='秒'))
        break
    elif key == ord('H') or key == ord('h'): # toggle help message
        show_help = not show_help
    elif key == ord('F') or key == ord('f'): # toggle fullscreen
        full_scrn = not full_scrn
        if full_scrn:
            cv2.setWindowProperty(WINDOW_NAME, cv2.WND_PROP_FULLSCREEN,
                                cv2.WINDOW_FULLSCREEN)
        else:
            cv2.setWindowProperty(WINDOW_NAME, cv2.WND_PROP_FULLSCREEN,
                                cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL)
#完成所有操作后，释放捕获器
cap.release()
out.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

the size(w,h) of frame:(640, 480)
the fps of the video:30.0
摄像头打开时间： 2020年09月12日 12时46分40秒
摄像头关闭时间： 2020年09月12日 12时47分18秒

本节在视频显示的同时，保存成mp4格式，至此，opencv对视频实现简单的使用。