交互式数据可视化工具Boken介绍

 

 

 

 

 

 

可视化工具

In [1]:

 

import bokeh

# 检查版本是否为0.12.5

bokeh.__version__

Out[1]:

'0.12.5'

In [2]:

 

from bokeh.io import output_notebook,output_file,show

from bokeh.charts import Scatter,Bar,BoxPlot,Chord

​

import seaborn as sns

In [3]:

 

# 导入数据

exe_data = sns.load_dataset('exercise')

exe_data.head()

Out[3]:

	Unnamed: 0	id	diet	pulse	time	kind
0	0	1	low fat	85	1 min	rest
1	1	1	low fat	85	15 min	rest
2	2	1	low fat	88	30 min	rest
3	3	2	low fat	90	1 min	rest
4	4	2	low fat	92	15 min	rest

In [4]:

 

output_notebook()

#output_file('test.html')

 BokehJS 0.12.5 successfully loaded.

In [6]:

 

p = Scatter(data=exe_data, x='id',y='pulse',title='散点图',xlabel='ID',ylabel='脉搏')

show(p)

 

柱状图

In [7]:

 

p = Bar(data=exe_data, label='id',values='pulse',title='柱状图')

show(p)

 

In [8]:

 

p = Bar(data=exe_data, label='diet',values='pulse',title='柱状图')

show(p)

 

In [10]:

 

p = Bar(data=exe_data,values='pulse', label='diet',stack='kind', title='堆叠柱状图', agg='mean',xlabel='饮食',ylabel='脉搏（均值）')

show(p)

 

In [11]:

 

p = Bar(data=exe_data,values='pulse', label='diet',group='kind', title='分组柱状图', agg='mean',xlabel='饮食',ylabel='脉搏均值）')

show(p)

 

盒子图

In [12]:

 

# 盒子图

box = BoxPlot(data=exe_data,values='pulse',label='diet',title='盒子图')

show(box)

 

弦线Chord

In [16]:

 

chord = Chord(data=exe_data, source='id', target='kind', value='pulse')

show(chord)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AttributeError                            Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-16-c32cc5b7881b> in <module>
----> 1 chord = Chord(data=exe_data, source='id', target='kind', value='pulse')
      2 show(chord)

C:\software\ANACONDA\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\bokeh\charts\builders\chord_builder.py in Chord(data, source, target, value, square_matrix, label, xgrid, ygrid, **kw)
    304     kw['ygrid'] = ygrid
    305 
--> 306     chart = create_and_build(ChordBuilder, data, **kw)
    307 
    308     chart.left[0].visible = False

C:\software\ANACONDA\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\bokeh\charts\builder.py in create_and_build(builder_class, *data, **kws)
     54     chart_kws = {k: v for k, v in kws.items() if k not in builder_props}
     55     chart = Chart(**chart_kws)
---> 56     chart.add_builder(builder)
     57     chart.start_plot()
     58 

C:\software\ANACONDA\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\bokeh\charts\chart.py in add_builder(self, builder)
    151     def add_builder(self, builder):
    152         self._builders.append(builder)
--> 153         builder.create(self)
    154 
    155     def add_ranges(self, dim, range):

C:\software\ANACONDA\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\bokeh\charts\builder.py in create(self, chart)
    503         """
    504         # call methods that allow customized setup by subclasses
--> 505         self.setup()
    506         self.process_data()
    507 

C:\software\ANACONDA\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\bokeh\charts\builders\chord_builder.py in setup(self)
    118                     for _, row in self.values._data.iterrows():
    119                         m[row[self.origin]][row[self.destination]] = row[self.value]
--> 120                     self.matrix = m.get_values().T
    121         else:
    122             # It's already a square matrix

C:\software\ANACONDA\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\generic.py in __getattr__(self, name)
   5137             if self._info_axis._can_hold_identifiers_and_holds_name(name):
   5138                 return self[name]
-> 5139             return object.__getattribute__(self, name)
   5140 
   5141     def __setattr__(self, name: str, value) -> None:

AttributeError: 'DataFrame' object has no attribute 'get_values'

Bokeh 绘制常用图形元素

In [17]:

 

from bokeh.plotting import figure

from bokeh.io import output_notebook,output_file,show

import numpy as np

In [18]:

 

output_notebook()

 BokehJS 0.12.5 successfully loaded.

In [21]:

 

p = figure(plot_width=400,plot_height=400)

​

#圆形

p.circle(np.random.randint(1,10,5),np.random.randint(1,10,5),size=10,color='green')

​

# 方形

p.square(np.random.randint(1,10,5),np.random.randint(1,10,5),size=10,color='navy')

​

​

# 折形

p.line(np.random.randint(1,10,5),np.random.randint(1,10,5),size=10,color='red')

​

show(p)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AttributeError                            Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-21-e16157b7fbfd> in <module>
      9 
     10 # 折形
---> 11 p.line(np.random.randint(1,10,5),np.random.randint(1,10,5),size=10,color='red')
     12 
     13 show(p)

fakesource in line(self, x, y, **kwargs)

C:\software\ANACONDA\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\bokeh\plotting\helpers.py in func(self, **kwargs)
    559             mglyph_ca = None
    560 
--> 561         glyph = _make_glyph(glyphclass, kwargs, glyph_ca)
    562         nsglyph = _make_glyph(glyphclass, kwargs, nsglyph_ca)
    563         sglyph = _make_glyph(glyphclass, kwargs, sglyph_ca)

C:\software\ANACONDA\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\bokeh\plotting\helpers.py in _make_glyph(glyphclass, kws, extra)
    152     kws = kws.copy()
    153     kws.update(extra)
--> 154     return glyphclass(**kws)
    155 
    156 

C:\software\ANACONDA\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\bokeh\model.py in __init__(self, **kwargs)
    224         self._id = kwargs.pop("id", make_id())
    225         self._document = None
--> 226         super(Model, self).__init__(**kwargs)
    227         default_theme.apply_to_model(self)
    228 

C:\software\ANACONDA\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\bokeh\core\has_props.py in __init__(self, **properties)
    239 
    240         for name, value in properties.items():
--> 241             setattr(self, name, value)
    242 
    243     def __setattr__(self, name, value):

C:\software\ANACONDA\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\bokeh\core\has_props.py in __setattr__(self, name, value)
    274                 matches, text = props, "possible"
    275 
--> 276             raise AttributeError("unexpected attribute '%s' to %s, %s attributes are %s" %
    277                 (name, self.__class__.__name__, text, nice_join(matches)))
    278 

AttributeError: unexpected attribute 'size' to Line, possible attributes are js_event_callbacks, js_property_callbacks, line_alpha, line_cap, line_color, line_dash, line_dash_offset, line_join, line_width, name, subscribed_events, tags, x or y

3D绘图--mplot3d

3D曲线可视化

In [22]:

 

import numpy as np

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

In [23]:

 

# 准备数据

zline = np.linspace(0,15,1000)

xline = np.sin(zline)

yline = np.cos(zline)

In [24]:

 

# 创建3D图像对象

fig = plt.figure()

ax = Axes3D(fig)

​

# 绘制图像

ax.plot(xline, yline, zline)

​

ax.set_xlabel('X')

ax.set_ylabel('Y')

ax.set_zlabel('Z')

​

plt.show()

In [25]:

 

# 创建3D图像对象

fig = plt.figure()

ax = Axes3D(fig)

​

# 绘制图像，以X轴为竖轴

ax.plot(xline,yline,zline,zdir='x')

plt.show()

In [26]:

 

# 创建3D图像对象

fig = plt.figure()

ax = Axes3D(fig)

​

# 绘制图像，以X轴为竖轴

ax.plot(xline,yline,zline,zdir='y')

plt.show()

In [27]:

 

# 创建3D图像对象

fig = plt.figure()

ax = Axes3D(fig)

​

# 绘制图像，以X轴为竖轴

ax.plot(xline,yline,zline,zdir='z')

plt.show()

3D 散点图可视化

In [28]:

 

import numpy as np

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

In [29]:

 

# 准备2组散点数据

x1 = np.random.rand(100)

y1 = np.random.rand(100)

z1 = np.random.rand(100)

​

x2 = np.random.rand(100)

y2 = np.random.rand(100)

z2 = np.random.rand(100)

​

In [30]:

 

# 创建3D图像对象

fig = plt.figure()

ax = Axes3D(fig)

​

# 绘制图像

​

ax.scatter(x1, y1, z1, s=10, c='r',marker='o')

ax.scatter(x2, y2, z2, s=80, c='g',marker='^')

​

plt.show()

3D 柱状图可视化

In [31]:

 

import numpy as np

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

In [32]:

 

# 准备数据

x = np.arange(10)

y1 = np.random.rand(10)

y2 = np.random.rand(10)

In [33]:

 

# 创建3D图像对象

fig = plt.figure()

ax = Axes3D(fig)

​

# 绘制图像

​

ax.scatter(x, y1,0)

ax.scatter(x, y2,1)

ax.set_yticks([0, 1])

​

plt.show()

Pandas 绘图

In [34]:

 

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import pandas as pd

In [36]:

 

# 加载鸢尾花数据集

iris_data = pd.read_csv(r'C:\Users\ML Learning\Projects\第四章-数据分析预习内容\第四章-数据分析预习内容\第三节-数据可视化\lesson_07\lesson_07\examples\dataset\iris.csv')

iris_data.head()

Out[36]:

	sepal_length	sepal_width	petal_length	petal_width	species
0	5.1	3.5	1.4	0.2	setosa
1	4.9	3.0	1.4	0.2	setosa
2	4.7	3.2	1.3	0.2	setosa
3	4.6	3.1	1.5	0.2	setosa
4	5.0	3.6	1.4	0.2	setosa

折线图

In [37]:

 

iris_data.plot()

Out[37]:

<AxesSubplot:>

柱状图

In [39]:

 

# 分组柱状图

iris_data.groupby('species').mean().plot(kind='bar')

Out[39]:

<AxesSubplot:xlabel='species'>

In [40]:

 

# 堆叠柱状图

iris_data.groupby('species').mean().plot(kind='bar',stacked=True)

Out[40]:

<AxesSubplot:xlabel='species'>

In [ ]:

 

​