深度学习四：tensorflow-使用卷积神经网络识别手写数字

当你安装了tensorflow后，tensorflow自带的教程演示了如何使用卷积神经网络来识别手写数字。代码路径为tensorflow-master\tensorflow\examples\tutorials\mnist\mnist_deep.py。
为了快速测试该程序，我提前将需要的mnist手写数字库下载到了工程目录（我在pycharm中新建了工程，并把mnist_deep.py中的代码拷贝过去）下的input_data目录下：

然后，需要修改程序中指定mnist图片库路径的代码，

if __name__ == '__main__':
  print("main run")
  parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
  parser.add_argument('--data_dir', type=str,
                      **default='input_data'**,
                      help='Directory for storing input data')
  FLAGS, unparsed = parser.parse_known_args()
  tf.app.run(main=main, argv=[sys.argv[0]] + unparsed)

将这里的default的值改为input_data即可。然后程序就可以运行了。默认会训练20000批次，每个批次50个数据。运行完成后准确率达到99.2%。
接下来，这里会对该程序做一点分析，并且做一些修改，来验证一些咱们的猜想，并且加深对代码的理解。

# Copyright 2015 The TensorFlow Authors. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
# ==============================================================================

"""A deep MNIST classifier using convolutional layers.

See extensive documentation at
https://www.tensorflow.org/get_started/mnist/pros
"""
# Disable linter warnings to maintain consistency with tutorial.
# pylint: disable=invalid-name
# pylint: disable=g-bad-import-order

from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function

import argparse
import sys

from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data

import tensorflow as tf

FLAGS = None


def deepnn(x):
  """deepnn builds the graph for a deep net for classifying digits.

  Args:
    x: an input tensor with the dimensions (N_examples, 784), where 784 is the
    number of pixels in a standard MNIST image.

  Returns:
    A tuple (y, keep_prob). y is a tensor of shape (N_examples, 10), with values
    equal to the logits of classifying the digit into one of 10 classes (the
    digits 0-9). keep_prob is a scalar placeholder for the probability of
    dropout.
  """
  # Reshape to use within a convolutional neural net.
  # Last dimension is for "features" - there is only one here, since images are
  # grayscale -- it would be 3 for an RGB image, 4 for RGBA, etc.
  x_image = tf.reshape(x, [-1, 28, 28, 1])

  # First convolutional layer - maps one grayscale image to 32 feature maps.
  W_conv1 = weight_variable([5, 5, 1, 32])
  b_conv1 = bias_variable([32])
  h_conv1 = tf.nn.relu(conv2d(x_image, W_conv1) + b_conv1)

  # Pooling layer - downsamples by 2X.
  h_pool1 = max_pool_2x2(h_conv1)

  # Second convolutional layer -- maps 32 feature maps to 64.
  W_conv2 = weight_variable([5, 5, 32, 64])
  b_conv2 = bias_variable([64])
  h_conv2 = tf.nn.relu(conv2d(h_pool1, W_conv2) + b_conv2)

  # Second pooling layer.
  h_pool2 = max_pool_2x2(h_conv2)

  # Fully connected layer 1 -- after 2 round of downsampling, our 28x28 image
  # is down to 7x7x64 feature maps -- maps this to 1024 features.
  W_fc1 = weight_variable([7 * 7 * 64, 1024])
  b_fc1 = bias_variable([1024])

  h_pool2_flat = tf.reshape(h_pool2, [-1, 7*