【Keras】keras.layer.input()

Input(shape=None, batch_shape=None,
          name=None, dtype=None, sparse=False,
          tensor=None)

shape参数和batch_shape参数只能使用其中一个。

shape参数：会自动在最前面补充一个维度，比如a = Input(shape=[3,None])，那么此时a的具体形状为[None,3,None]

batch_shape参数：就不会补充维度，比如a = Input(shape=[3,None])，那么此时a的具体形状为[3,None]

tenserflow建立网络由于先建立静态的graph，所以没有数据，用placeholder来占位好申请内存。

那么keras的layer类其实是一个方便的直接帮你建立深度网络中的layer的类。

该类继承了object，是个基础的类，后续的诸如input_layer类都会继承与layer

由于model.py中利用这个方法建立网络，所以仔细看一下：他的说明详尽而丰富。

input()这个方法是用来初始化一个keras tensor的，tensor说白了就是个数组。他强大到只通过输入和输出就能建立一个keras模型。shape或者batch shape 必须只能给一个。shape = [None,None,None],会创建一个?*?*?的三维数组。

 

下面还举了个例子，a,b,c都是keras的tensor， `model = Model(input=[a, b], output=c)`
 

def Input(shape=None, batch_shape=None,
          name=None, dtype=None, sparse=False,
          tensor=None):
    """`Input()` is used to instantiate a Keras tensor.
 
    A Keras tensor is a tensor object from the underlying backend
    (Theano, TensorFlow or CNTK), which we augment with certain
    attributes that allow us to build a Keras model
    just by knowing the inputs and outputs of the model.
 
    For instance, if a, b and c are Keras tensors,
    it becomes possible to do:
    `model = Model(input=[a, b], output=c)`
 
    The added Keras attributes are:
        `_keras_shape`: Integer shape tuple propagated
            via Keras-side shape inference.
        `_keras_history`: Last layer applied to the tensor.
            the entire layer graph is retrievable from that layer,
            recursively.
 
    # Arguments
        shape: A shape tuple (integer), not including the batch size.
            For instance, `shape=(32,)` indicates that the expected input
            will be batches of 32-dimensional vectors.
        batch_shape: A shape tuple (integer), including the batch size.
            For instance, `batch_shape=(10, 32)` indicates that
            the expected input will be batches of 10 32-dimensional vectors.
            `batch_shape=(None, 32)` indicates batches of an arbitrary number
            of 32-dimensional vectors.
        name: An optional name string for the layer.
            Should be unique in a model (do not reuse the same name twice).
            It will be autogenerated if it isn't provided.
        dtype: The data type expected by the input, as a string
            (`float32`, `float64`, `int32`...)
        sparse: A boolean specifying whether the placeholder
            to be created is sparse.
        tensor: Optional existing tensor to wrap into the `Input` layer.
            If set, the layer will not create a placeholder tensor.
    # Returns
        A tensor.
    # Example
    ```python
    # this is a logistic regression in Keras
    x = Input(shape=(32,))
    y = Dense(16, activation='softmax')(x)
    model = Model(x, y)
    ```
    """

tip：我们在model.py中用到了shape这个attribute，

 input_image = KL.Input(
            shape=[None, None, config.IMAGE_SHAPE[2]], name="input_image")
        input_image_meta = KL.Input(shape=[config.IMAGE_META_SIZE],
                                    name="input_image_meta")

阅读input()里面的句子逻辑：

可以发现，进入if语句的情况是batch_shape不为空，并且tensor为空，此时进入if，用assert判断如果shape不为空，那么久会有错误提示，告诉你要么输入shape 要么输入batch_shape, 还提示你shape不包含batch个数，就是一个batch包含多少张图片。

那么其实如果tensor不空的话，我们可以发现，也会弹出这个提示，但是作者没有写这种题型，感觉有点没有安全感。注意点好了

    if not batch_shape and tensor is None:
        assert shape is not None, ('Please provide to Input either a `shape`'
                                   ' or a `batch_shape` argument. Note that '
                                   '`shape` does not include the batch '
                                   'dimension.')

如果单纯的按照规定输入shape，举个例子：只将shape输入为None，也就是说tensor的dimension我都不知道，但我知道这是个向量，你看着办吧。

            input_gt_class_ids = KL.Input(
                shape=[None], name="input_gt_class_ids", dtype=tf.int32)

就会调用Input()函数中的这个判断句式，注意因为shape是个List，所以shape is not None 会返回true。同时又没有输入batch_shape的话，就会用shape的参数去创造一个batch_shape.

    if shape is not None and not batch_shape:
        batch_shape = (None,) + tuple(shape)

比如如果输入：

shape = (None,)
batch_shape = (None,)+shape
batch_shape
#会得到(None, None)

可以发现，这里要求使用者至少指明你的数据维度，比如图片的话，是三维的，所以shape至少是[None,None,None]，而且我认为shape = [None,1] 与shape = [None]是一样的都会创建一个不知道长度的向量。