np.where

numpy.where(condition[,x, y])

Return elements, either from x or y, depending on condition.

If only condition is given, return condition.nonzero().

Parameters:	condition : array_like, bool When True, yield x, otherwise yield y. x, y : array_like, optional Values from which to choose. x and y need to have the sameshape as condition.
Returns:	out : ndarray or tuple of ndarrays If both x and y are specified, the output array containselements ofx where condition is True, and elements fromy elsewhere. If only condition is given, return the tuplecondition.nonzero(), the indices wherecondition is True.

[xv if c else yv for (c,xv,yv) in zip(condition,x,y)]

>>> np.where([[True, False], [True, True]], ... [[1, 2], [3, 4]], ... [[9, 8], [7, 6]]) array([[1, 8], [3, 4]]) 

>>> np.where([[0, 1], [1, 0]]) 
(array([0, 1]), array([1, 0]))

>>> x = np.arange(9.).reshape(3, 3) 
>>> np.where( x > 5 ) 
(array([2, 2, 2]), array([0, 1, 2])) 
>>> x[np.where( x > 3.0 )] # Note: result is 1D. 
array([ 4., 5., 6., 7., 8.]) 
>>> np.where(x < 5, x, -1) # Note: broadcasting. 
array([[ 0., 1., 2.], [ 3., 4., -1.], [-1., -1., -1.]])

Find the indices of elements of x that are in goodvalues.

>>> goodvalues = [3, 4, 7]
>>> ix = np.in1d(x.ravel(), goodvalues).reshape(x.shape)
>>> ix
array([[False, False, False],
       [ True,  True, False],
       [False,  True, False]], dtype=bool)
>>> np.where(ix)
(array([1, 1, 2]), array([0, 1, 1]))

>>> import numpy
>>> a = numpy.arange(10)
>>> a
array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])
>>> numpy.where((a > 5) & (a < 8))  # 两个条件同时成立交集 &
(array([6, 7]),)
>>> numpy.where((a > 8) | (a < 5))  # 两个条件同时成立并集 |
(array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 9]),)