C# 内部类的作用

作用一：限制对类的可访问性

有时候会遇到这样的需求，希望一个类仅能被另一个类（以及其派生类）访问。

代码

class BaseClass
{
    public class PublicNestedClass { }

    protected class ProtectedNestedClass { }

    private class PrivateNestedClass { }
}

class DerivedClass : BaseClass
{
    PublicNestedClass a;
    ProtectedNestedClass b;
    PrivateNestedClass c;

    PublicDerivedNestedClass a2;
    ProtectedDerivedNestedClass b2;
    PrivateDerivedNestedClass c2;

    public class PublicDerivedNestedClass { }

    protected class ProtectedDerivedNestedClass { }

    private class PrivateDerivedNestedClass { }
}

class OtherClass
{
    PublicNestedClass a;
    ProtectedNestedClass b;
    PrivateNestedClass c;
}

class DerivedDerivedClass : DerivedClass
{
    PublicNestedClass a;
    ProtectedNestedClass b;
    PrivateNestedClass c;

    PublicDerivedNestedClass a2;
    ProtectedDerivedNestedClass b2;
    PrivateDerivedNestedClass c2;
}

编译器提示报错的地方

分析

• BaseClass类内部用 public protected 关键字声明的内部类，外部的类和这个类都可见。
• 用 private 关键字声明的内部类，仅对这个类可见。
• 派生类也适用以上规则。

作用二：为多个类提供公共的属性

public abstract class BaseMainSwitch
{
    public static bool IsActive = false;

	public void Init()
	{
		SetActive(true);
	}

    public static void SetActive(bool value)
    {
        IsActive = value;
    }
    
    public abstract class BaseSubSwitch
	{
	    private bool _isOpen = true;
	
	    public static void SetActive(bool value)
	    {
	        _isOpen = value;
	    }
	}
	
    public class DerivedSubSwitch : BaseSubSwitch
	{
		public void DoSomething()
		{
			if (IsActive && this._isOpen)
			{
				// code
			}
		}
	}
}

用例

public class DerivedMainSwitch : BaseMainSwitch
{
    DerivedSubSwitch _switch1;
    DerivedSubSwitch _switch2;
}

每个SubSwitch各自有开关状态，且有公共的IsActive控制总开关。