Codeforces 557E Ann and Half-Palindrome (字典树+字符串排序)



题意：找出s的子串中字典序第k小的“半回文串”，给出半回文串定义是：对于任意i<=|s|/2 有s[i] = s[len-i+1]，其中n<=5000。

思路：枚举字符串长度，然后O(n*n)判定所有字符串是否是半回文串，剩下要做的就是给这些字符串排序，如果直接排序，时间复杂度和空间复杂度都无法承受，考虑用trie树，将原串所有后缀插入到trie树中，如果当前枚举的子串是半回文串那么trie树的权值加一，查找时注意找到答案后要要在答案后面的一位置'\0'。 

#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<cmath>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
#include<vector>
#include<map>
#include<queue>
#include<stack>
#include<string>
#include<map>
#include<set>
#include<ctime>
#define eps 1e-6
#define LL long long
#define pii pair<int, int>
//#pragma comment(linker, "/STACK:1024000000,1024000000")
using namespace std;

const int MAXN = 5100;
const int maxnode = 20000000;
const int sigma_size = 2;
int dp[MAXN][MAXN];
int k;
int sumv[MAXN][MAXN];
char str[MAXN], ans[MAXN];; 
struct Trie {  
    int ch[maxnode][sigma_size];  
    int val[maxnode];  
    int sz;  
    Trie() { sz = 1; memset(ch[0], 0, sizeof(ch[0]));};  
    int idx(char c) {return c - 'a';}    
    void insert(char *s, int cur) {  
        int u = 0, n = strlen(s);  
        for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {  
            int c = idx(s[i]);  
            if(!ch[u][c]) {  
                memset(ch[sz], 0, sizeof(ch[sz]));  
                val[sz] = dp[cur][cur+i];  
                ch[u][c] = sz++;  
            }  
            else val[ch[u][c]] += dp[cur][cur+i];  
            u = ch[u][c];  
        }  
    } 
	void dfs(int cur, int pos) {
		if(k>val[cur]) {
			k -= val[cur];
			for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
				if(!ch[cur][i]) continue;
				ans[pos] = 'a' + i;
				dfs(ch[cur][i], pos+1);
				if(k<=0) return;
			}
		}
		else {
			k -= val[cur];
			ans[pos] = 0;
		}
	}   
    
} trie;
int main() {
    //freopen("input.txt", "r", stdin);
	cin >> (str+1);
	cin >> k;
	int len = strlen((str+1));
	for(int i = 1; i <= len; i++) dp[i][i] = 1;
	for(int i = 1; i < len; i++) dp[i][i+1] = (str[i]==str[i+1]);
	for(int i = 3; i <= len; i++) {
		for(int j = 1; j+i-1 <= len; j++) {
			dp[j][j+i-1] = ((j+2>j+i-3||dp[j+2][j+i-3]) && str[j]==str[i+j-1]);
		}
	}
	for(int i = 1; i <= len; i++) trie.insert(str+i, i);
	trie.dfs(0, 0);
	cout << ans << endl;
    return 0;
}